四翅滨藜在黄土丘陵区的覆膜造林试验     

郝向春 《山西林业科技》2006,(1):4-6

通过对优良生态经济型灌木树种四翅滨藜的覆膜造林试验,分析了覆膜对地温与四翅滨藜生长量影响的变化规律,得出了在黄土丘陵区发展四翅滨藜最好采用覆膜造林技术的结论。并对大力发展四翅滨藜提出了合理化建议。  相似文献   

Assessing the Effectiveness of Land Restoration Interventions in Dry Lands by Multitemporal Remote Sensing – A Case Study in Ouled DLIM (Marrakech,Morocco)     

Claudio Zucca  Weicheng Wu  Leonarda Dessena  Maurizio Mulas 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(1):80-91

Atriplex nummularia has been extensively planted in Northern Africa to combat desertification. However, few studies evaluated the effectiveness of these interventions. This study aimed at assessing the dynamic performance of a number of Atriplex plantations located in the Marrakech province in terms of multitemporal dry biomass production. Three SPOT 5 images (2004, 2008 and 2012) and field biomass measurements were integrated to quantify the dry biomass production dynamics of plantations established from 1996 to 2007. Different plant ages covered the whole plant life cycle curve. Vegetation indices were derived from the images and those of 2012 were coupled to the measured biomass of 2012 to formulate biomass models. An analysis of shrub biomass production was conducted in plantations and in adjacent rangelands, covering varying degree of plant development, and an estimate of the economic benefits generated by the plantations in terms of available fodder biomass was performed. The results show that, on average, the plantation sites produced 2·21 to 3·61 Mg ha⁻¹ of dry biomass more than the surrounding rangelands. The best performing plantations yielded even greater differences, up to more than 7 Mg ha⁻¹. It was observed that the most performing plantations, while contributing to mitigating land degradation, have generated economic value and could compensate the economic cost of the intervention even under drought conditions. However, in several cases the plantation performance was far from sustainability, particularly due to poor management (early and/or over grazing), revealing that management is a critical factor for the success of this restoration practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不同地理种源四翅滨藜引种栽培试验研究     

王海鹰  杨涛  贾艳梅  王艳玲 《陕西林业科技》2011,(1):8-10,17

从青海西宁市郊、宁夏盐池青山乡两地引进四翅滨藜,在榆林进行引种观察试验。结果表明：在相同的立地条件下,苗木的成活率、保存率差异不大,都表现出较强的适应性,但不同种源的株高、地径、冠幅等生物量均表现出差异性。随着生长年限的增加,宁夏引进的四翅滨藜生物量明显优于青海的引进种,其更适宜在榆林沙区生存和发展。  相似文献   

刈割频度对四翅滨藜生物量累积及根系垂直分布的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

何芳兰  裴明祥  王继和  刘虎俊  尉秋实 《草地学报》2009,17(1):79

为科学指导四翅滨藜(Atriplex canescens(Pursh)Nutt.)在我国西北沙区的生产和利用,研究不同刈割处理下四翅滨藜生物量变化及其根系垂直分布。结果表明:刈割频度对四翅滨藜的地上、地下部分生物量积累均有极显著影响(P<0.01),地上生物量随刈割频度增大而先增大后减小,2次刈割生物量最大,单株均值高达14.26g;粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗灰粉及无氮浸出物百分比随着刈割频度的增大而增大,而粗纤维则逐渐减小;当刈割次数逐渐增加时,主根直径、根系体积、根系生物量及粗根百分比均显著减小(P<0.05),根系在土壤深层(40~70cm)中的分布也减少,而在浅土层中(0~20cm)的分布明显增大;4组刈割处理的根系垂直分布特征参数β的值均小于对照(H₀),并随刈割频度增大其值逐渐减小。  相似文献   

白滨藜生物学特性及饲用价值的初步调查与试验研究     

库尔班·尼扎米丁  古丽加克热·买合苏提 《现代农业科技》2009,(9):236-237

对野生白滨藜进一步调查和进行人工种植试验，以更进一步地了解、挽救和充分利用白滨藜资源。调查结果表明：白滨藜是各类家畜晚秋及冬季所喜食的优良饲用植物，它具有抗旱、抗寒、耐盐、耐牧等优良特性。在我国西北地区开发利用前景广阔。人工种植试验结果表明：白滨藜旱作条件下最佳播种期为临冬（11月），种子出苗率达53．6％；其次为早春（3月下旬），种子出苗率达34．6％；其他时间播种均难以出苗，出苗率仅2．7％。  相似文献   

Utilization of Fodder Trees and Shrubs in the Arid and Semiarid Zones of West Asia and North Africa     

Henry N. Le Houerou 《Arid Land Research and Management》2013,27(2):101-135

Utilization of fodder trees and shrubs (FTS) in the Mediterranean arid and semi-arid zones was initiated after World War I and expanded between 1950 and 1970. A similarly slow expansion has taken place in other arid zones in the USA, South Africa, South America, and Australia. Currently in West Asian and North African (WANA) countries, the area planted with native or exotic species is about 10 6 ha. Mainly they include three categories of plant species: cacti, saltbushes, and wattles. At this time there is an expansion of hectareage and a diversi-cation of genetic material. The relative success of FTS has a number of reasons. They are tolerant to drought and have the ability to accumulate green fodder over several seasons, providing fodder reserves for times of dearth and thus permitting a switch from transhumance to sedentary husbandry. Deep rooting enables them to reach water resources unavailable to herbaceous species. Their Rain Use Efficiency (RUE) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) rates provide productivities three to five times higher than rangelands. FTS have a positive impact on soil fertility due to their organic matter production, hence they increase microbial activity, rates of geobiogenic element cycling, and soil structure stabilization. Their above ground biomass, canopy ground cover, provides a microclimatic buffer role for wind, temperature and evapotranspiration, and their landscape roughness factor makes them efficient for erosion and desertification control. Other positive aspects include: the use on non farming land; general suitability for runo farming systems; production of valuable goods, such as food, shade, and firewood; providing wildlife shelter; and other benefits. FTS plantations are subjected, however, to constraints that limit their expansion. Their main shortcomings include the cost of establishment, often not affordable by a small farmer; required long-term planning may not be feasible, as a secure land tenure system often is nonexistent. Appropriate methods of cultivation are not being applied, management, and utilization are lacking, and availability of plant material is limited. Discipline of utilization, allowing regeneration of stands after defoliation is a problem. Identification of constraints indicates needs for research and extension activities. These include reduced-cost of establishment and improved management methods, such as ensuring availability of low-cost seeds and selection of high grade cultivars, and introduction of new high quality exotic species. Additionally, integration into economically feasible and socially acceptable production systems, including joint cultivation with cereal farming and combination with runo farming techniques, should be developed. Legal, regulatory, and administrative incentives are also needed.  相似文献   

转AhCMO基因玉米后代的获得及耐盐性鉴定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

任小燕  杜建中  孙毅 《分子植物育种》2013,(3):332-338

试验采用超声波辅助花粉介导法将山菠菜胆碱单加氧酶(AhCMO)基因转入玉米自交系‘郑58’中,经抗生素筛选、PCR检测及自花授粉获得转CMO基因的T2代玉米种子。选取5份T2代玉米种子盆栽进行耐盐性鉴定试验。首先针对其非转基因受体材料筛选出耐盐性鉴定浓度,其后通过生理生化指标对转基因T3代株系进行耐盐性鉴定,同时筛选耐盐性强的株系。结果表明:耐盐性筛选及鉴定的适宜浓度为250mmol/L;依据对苗期生理生化指标的测定分析,在250mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,转基因玉米植株的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及叶绿素含量高于非转基因玉米,丙二醛(MDA)含量低于非转基因玉米。SOD活性提高了2%~208%;POD活性提高了22%~65%;叶绿素含量增加了8%~61%;MDA含量减少了3%~93%。试验表明,耐盐基因CMO的转化提高了玉米的耐盐性。依据生理生化指标变化情况建立的耐盐性级别评价方法显示,5份参试株系中耐盐性比对照提高3级的有2份。  相似文献   

新疆5种藜科盐生植物的饲用价值   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李梅梅  吴国华  赵振勇  涂锦娜  田长彦 《草业科学》2017,34(2)

为了研究新疆5种藜科一年生盐生饲草红叶藜(Chenopodium rubrum)、野榆钱菠菜(Atriplex aucheri)、盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)、盐角草(Salicornia europaea)和高碱蓬(Suaeda altissima)的最佳刈割时期和相对饲用价值大小,对其3个不同生育时期(营养期、初花期和结实期)的营养成分含量进行测定分析。结果表明,5种植物在初花期营养价值最高,地上部生物量能够满足载畜需求,因此适宜在初花期开发利用;5种盐生饲草在初花期与苜蓿(Medicago sativa)相比,红叶藜的相对饲用价值最高,之后依次为野榆钱菠菜、盐地碱蓬、高碱蓬和盐角草。野榆钱菠菜、红叶藜和高碱蓬甜菜碱含量丰富,在7%左右,盐角草、红叶藜和野榆钱菠菜草酸盐含量超标。总之,这5种植物均具有一定的饲用开发利用价值,但盐分含量偏高不宜长期单一饲喂反刍动物。  相似文献   

异型种子植物异苞滨藜的繁殖输出     

马赫  魏岩 《草业学报》2017,26(3):226-232

异苞滨藜是重要的荒漠野生牧草资源,具有褐色和黑色两种异型种子;黑色种子小,种皮光滑,有光泽,包被种子的苞片较小;褐色种子大,包被种子的苞片较大。对异型种子繁殖输出的研究将为探讨其生态适应机制及生活史进化研究提供科学依据。选择准噶尔低山砾质荒漠自然种群中3个不同微生境(陡坡、缓坡和坡底),分别随机选取20株植株,测定植株高度、生物量以及种子的数量,研究种子的输出比例和繁殖分配。结果表明,1)不同微生境中植株的大小有显著差异,山坡沟底植株的个体最大,缓坡次之,陡坡最小。2)植株的总繁殖分配以及褐色种子和黑色种子的繁殖分配随个体的增大而显著增高;异苞滨藜大型植株的繁殖分配高达57.57%,褐色种子和黑色种子的繁殖分配无显著差异;中型和小型植株的繁殖分配小于30%,主要投资黑色种子。3)随植株个体的增大,异苞滨藜3个级别的植株输出的黑色种子的数量和比例均显著大于褐色种子的数量和比例;黑色种子与褐色种子比例为2.16~7.41∶1。异型种子萌发物候的不同步、繁殖输出的“灵活性”是异苞滨藜与荒漠异质环境长期适应的结果。  相似文献   

新疆滨藜属植物叶表皮微形态学及叶的比较解剖学研究   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12  

周桂玲  迪利夏提 《干旱区研究》1995,12(3):34-37

本研究采用了石蜡切片法，电子显微镜扫描的方法，对新疆分布的滨藜属１２种及２变种植物进行了研究，观察到滨藜属植物叶的结构可分为三种类型：全栅型、双栅型、单栅型。叶表皮附属物表皮毛、角质层都非常多。表皮毛－光状毛，在幼叶及茎顶泡状毛为生活状态，在成熟的叶上泡状毛破裂、死亡，覆盖在叶的表面；角质层在叶的上、下表皮细胞表面分布，可分为皱纹状角质层和脊状角质层。以上特点都是滨藜属植物叶对干旱的环境条件的适应  相似文献