基于颜色和纹理特征的玉米旱情统计判别模型     

岳焕然  李茂松  王春艳  安江勇 《中国农业科技导报》2019,21(5):62-73

利用颜色和纹理特征判定玉米植株干旱程度是玉米旱情监测识别的新途径,良好的统计判别模型构建方法对实现这一新途径意义重大。采集了玉米出苗-拔节、拔节-抽雄、抽雄-成熟3个生长发育阶段适宜、轻旱、中旱、重旱、特旱5个干旱程度的玉米植株图像,用MATLAB软件从图像中提取玉米植株的颜色和纹理特征数据,以SPSS软件对特征数据的训练集进行Fisher逐步判别分析,获得Fisher判别函数组,结合曼哈顿距离判别规则,建立了玉米出苗-拔节、拔节-抽雄、抽雄-成熟3个生长发育阶段的正视面、俯视面和侧视面共9个单视角统计判别模型,并将每个生长发育阶段的单视角统计判别模型联合构建为三维统计判别模型。玉米3个生长发育阶段的所有单视角判别模型在训练和测试时的平均判别准确率无显著差异,所有正视面和侧视面单视角统计判别模型训练和测试时的平均判别准确率均在90%以上,判别玉米不同干旱程度的准确率差异性小,所有俯视面单视角统计判别模型训练、测试时的平均判别准确率均低于85%,且判别玉米不同干旱程度的准确率差异性较大。玉米3个生长发育阶段的三维统计判别模型的训练和测试平均判别准确率在97%以上,且判别玉米不同干旱程度的差异性较小。玉米3个生长发育阶段的单视角统计判模型中,侧视面统计判别模型的判别效果最好,正视面统计判别模型次之,俯视面统计判别模型的判别效果相对较差,每个生长发育阶段的三维统计判别模型的判别效果均比单视角统计判模型好。  相似文献   

基于多元统计分析的马尾松人工林健康评价研究——以广西热带林业实验中心为例     

赵勇钧  谢阳生  王建军  李晗  葛方兴  孟京辉 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(7):100-107

为构建一套科学实用的马尾松人工林健康评价体系,为马尾松健康经营提供理论依据。以广西热带林业实验中心的84块马尾松人工林样地为例,选取13个评价指标进行因子分析,计算森林健康指数(FHI)并对FHI值进行Ward聚类,以划分健康等级。此外,研究分析评价了马尾松样地的健康状况,并用判别分析建立Fisher判别函数对健康评价结果进行检验。结果表明:在调查的马尾松人工林中,健康林占32.1%,亚健康林占35.8%,不健康林占32.1%,且不同龄组马尾松人工林健康水平排序为:近熟林>中龄林>成熟林>幼龄林。判别分析与聚类结果具有较好的一致性,其中自身验证法正判率为97.8%,交互验证法正判率为94.3%。因此,构建的指标体系能够科学客观地反映广西热带林业实验中心马尾松人工林的健康状况。  相似文献   

生态文明建设视角下的高标准农田建设适宜性评价   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈麟  吴克宁  冯喆  于兵  宋恒飞 《土壤》2019,51(4):803-812

在全面推进生态文明建设的当下,中国的耕地保护工作进入数量、质量、生态"三位一体"保护新时代,以耕地质量提升为中心的高标准农田建设对生态保护和修复的作用意义重大。本文以吉林省梅河口市为研究区,结合农用地等别更新、土地利用现状调查、土壤普查报告及实地调查采样数据,从耕地的自然禀赋、基础设施状况、空间特征和生态环境质量4个方面选取耕层质地、排水条件、田块规模、土壤综合污染指数等14个指标,运用贝叶斯概率模型对高标准农田建设进行适宜性评价,以期为梅河口市高标准农田建设项目规划布局与选址提供技术服务支撑。研究表明:①在高标准农田建设中,耕地坡度、障碍层距地表深度、有机质含量、有效土层厚度、田间道路通达度、土壤微生物生物量碳和土壤综合污染指数7个指标对高标准农田建设适宜性的影响程度较大;②根据后验概率结果,将梅河口市耕地划分为4个不同程度的建设适宜性区,今后高标准农田建设首先在优先建设区开展,同时后备建设区为其提供了可靠的保证;③耕地本底质量和基础设施条件良好状况下,应引入土壤微生物生物量碳、生物丰度系数和土壤综合污染指数等指标从生态保护的角度进一步划分建设适宜性程度。本文旨在实现生态服务功能和生产功能同步提升,从而为生态文明建设的理论思考和实践创新提供科学依据。  相似文献   

基于稳定同位素和贝叶斯模型的引黄灌区地下水硝酸盐污染源解析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张妍  张秋英  李发东  张鑫  毕直磊  张强 《中国生态农业学报》2019,27(3):484-493

地下水硝酸盐（NO₃^-）污染已经成为全球严重的水环境问题之一,由于饮用水中高含量NO₃^-会转化成亚硝酸盐而增加各种疾病和癌症风险,其来源的确定对于NO₃^-污染的预防和控制非常重要。本文以黄河下游第二大灌区——潘庄灌区为例,首次采用NO₃^-的氮氧稳定同位素结合贝叶斯模型追溯地下水NO₃^-的来源并量化各种来源的贡献比例。结果表明,地下水NO₃^-含量分布在0.1~197.0 mg·L^-1,平均值为34.2 mg·L^-1。与《生活饮用水卫生标准》中规定的地下水NO₃^-最大含量[20 mg（N）·L^-1,相当于NO₃^-含量90 mg·L^-1]相比,有10%的样品NO₃^-含量超标。井深<30 m、30~60 m和>60 m的地下水NO₃^-平均含量分别为25.9 mg·L^-1、39.7 mg·L^-1和20.1 mg·L^-1。空间上,宁津县、武城县、平原县和禹城市有大片区域地下水NO₃^-含量较高。地下水NO₃^-的δ¹⁵N组成范围为0.72‰~23.93‰,平均值为11.62‰;δ¹⁸O组成范围为0.49‰~22.50‰,平均值为8.46‰。同位素结果表明粪便和污水、农业化肥是地下水中NO₃^-的主要污染来源。这反映了人类活动是引起地下水NO₃^-污染的主要原因。贝叶斯模型结果显示,粪便和污水对潘庄灌区地下水中NO₃^-平均贡献率高达56.2%,化肥的平均贡献率为19.3%,大气降水和土壤的平均贡献率分别为6.2%和12.3%。由于污水、粪便和化肥是地下水中NO₃^-的主要来源,为保护和改善研究区地下水水质,建议加强污水管道建设,强化畜禽粪便的管理以及提高化肥利用效率。  相似文献   

Population impacts of endangered short-tailed albatross bycatch in the Alaskan trawl fishery     

Stephani G. Zador  André E. Punt 《Biological conservation》2008,141(3):872-882

We conduct a decision analysis that explores the effects of trawl-related fishery mortality on achieving the population recovery goals for the US federally-endangered short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus), proposed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. A population model is constructed and its parameters estimated using data on counts of the numbers of albatross chicks and eggs at Torishima Island, Japan, where 83% of the world’s population of this species is found. Bayesian inference is used to assign probabilities to alternative plausible rates of fishing mortality and as the basis for population projections with different levels of trawl mortality to determine their effects on achieving the population recovery goals. The analyses of the impact of trawl mortality on the Torishima short-tailed albatross population suggests that exceeding the current expected incidental take in the Alaskan groundfish trawl fishery, two in any 5-year period, by as much as a factor of 10 would have little impact on when the proposed recovery goals for the species are achieved. A quantitative approach that addresses uncertainty, such as that outlined in this study, could aid the process to evaluate allowable limits in light of species recovery goals by addressing both take limits and recovery goals within the same framework.  相似文献   

基于判别分析法的金华火腿挥发性风味物质的形成过程分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵改名  柳艳霞  田玮  张春晖  高晓平  孙灵霞 《农业工程学报》2008,24(3):260-264

为了弄清金华火腿风味物质的形成过程,以60只杂交猪后腿为原料,按照传统工艺加工金华火腿,用气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析了6个工艺点的肌肉中挥发性风味物质的出峰面积,并用判别分析法分别研究了用挥发性风味物质的出峰面积和出峰面积占总出峰面积的百分率建立的判别函数判断金华火腿加工程度的可能性.研究结果表明,用金华火腿挥发性风味化合物的峰面积进行逐步判别分析,有20种挥发性化合物进入判别函数,而用峰面积占总出峰面积的百分率进行逐步判别分析,有17种挥发性化合物进入判别函数,建立的两套判别函数都能准确判别火腿的加工程度.结果提示:金华火腿风味化合物是在加工过程中逐步形成的,在不同加工阶段,火腿特征风味化合物的含量及其比例各具特征,可以用以辨别火腿的加工时间.  相似文献   

高分辨四极杆飞行时间质谱仪判别复原乳和超高温灭菌乳     

崔婧  苏美丞  谭冬飞  张霞  贾曼 《乳业科学与技术》2019,(3):19-24

采用高分辨四极杆飞行时间质谱仪,结合化学计量学方法,利用非靶向代谢组学方法,对超高温灭菌乳和复原乳进行检测。牛乳样品经过前处理后,经过C18色谱柱分离,采用FullScan模式进行一级全扫描,扫描结果通过数据预处理后,导入SIMCA-P14.1软件中进行主成分分析和偏最小二乘方差判别分析。结果表明:正、负离子模式下共找到14种判别超高温灭菌乳和复原乳的表征因子,进一步通过这14种表征因子建立区分2种乳的判别模型,通过该判别模型能够准确地区分超高温灭菌乳和复原乳,为复原乳的判别提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Metabolite profiling of the response to high-nitrogen fertilizer during grain development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2016

Wheat yield and quality are dependent largely on nitrogen (N) availability. In this study, we performed the first metabolomic analysis of the response to high-N fertilizer during wheat grain development using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Quality parameter analyses demonstrated that high-N fertilizer application led to a significant increase in grain protein content and improvement in starch and bread-making quality. Comparative metabolomic profiling of six grain developmental stages resulted in identification of 74 metabolites, including amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and lipids/alcohol, which are primarily involved in carbon and N metabolism. Under high-N fertilizer treatment, numerous metabolites accumulated significantly during grain development. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components as being responsible for the variances resulting from N-fertilizer treatments. Metabolite–metabolite correlation analysis demonstrated that the high-N treatment group had a greater number of positive correlations among metabolites, suggesting that high-N fertilizer treatment induced a concerted metabolic change that resulted in improved grain development. Particularly, the high-N treatment-mediated significant accumulation of metabolites involved in the TCA cycle, starch and storage protein synthesis could be responsible for the improvement of grain yield and quality. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of wheat grain development and yield and quality.  相似文献   

Validation of the indirect fluorescent antibody and the complement fixation tests for the diagnosis of Theileria equi   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ogunremi O  Georgiadis MP  Halbert G  Benjamin J  Pfister K  Lopez-Rebollar L 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,148(2):102-108

The indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for Theileria equi was evaluated to assess test's suitability for the serological diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis, to provide performance parameters for the purpose of test validation, and to compare it with the complement fixation (CF) test. Using a protocol that included Evan's blue, the specificity of the IFA test was estimated at 99.0% for T. equi by the classical method of analysis, and 96.6% by the Bayesian method. The use of Evan's blue in the test protocol increased test specificity and contributed to an excellent test agreement between two collaborating laboratories (kappa = 0.96). Using Bayesian analysis, the sensitivity estimate for the IFA test was 89.2%. The CF test sensitivity and specificity estimates for T. equi were 63.1 and 96.4%, respectively, as determined by Bayesian analysis. The IFA test was more sensitive than the CF test but the specificity estimates were similar.  相似文献   

Bayes and diagnostic testing     

Lesaffre E  Speybroeck N  Berkvens D 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,148(1):58-61

Interpretation of the result of a diagnostic test depends not only on the actual test result(s) but also on information external to this result, namely the test's sensitivity and specificity. This external information (also called prior information) must be combined with the data to yield the so-called updated, posterior estimates of the true prevalence and the test characteristics. The Bayesian approach offers a natural, intuitive framework in which to carry out this estimation process. The influence of the prior information on the final result may not be ignored. Guidance for the choice of prior information not in conflict with the data can be obtained from a set of statistics and indices (DIC, p(D), Bayes-p).  相似文献