Economic performance and comparative riskiness of different management practices for control of botrytis fruit rot in florida strawberry     

《Crop Protection》2016

Florida strawberry farmers usually rely on weekly calendar fungicide applications to prevent yield loss from Botrytis fruit rot (BFR). The Strawberry Advisory System (SAS), which helps optimize the timing of fungicide applications, is an additional tool in the farmers' arsenal of disease control options. This study uses data from two-year production trials in Florida combined with historical strawberry prices to measure the economic performance of the Calendar and SAS-based BFR management practices under output price risk and producers' risk preferences. We use Monte Carlo simulation to model the effect of the variability in weekly output prices on farm returns. Results reveal that the traditional calendar-based system is not the least risky BFR management option as growers expected to be. SAS-based options such as SAS-Switch and SAS-Luna would be preferred by both risk-neutral and risk-averse producers and are recommended under high disease pressure conditions.  相似文献   

甘肃陇西黄芩灰霉病病原菌分离鉴定及田间药剂防治     

孙雪艳  蒋晶晶  杜蕙  陈爱昌  张敏敏  漆永红 《草地学报》2023,31(2):349-357

为探明黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)茎基部和根部灰霉病的病原菌,本文于2019—2021年春季对甘肃陇西县采集的黄芩病样进行病原菌的分离培养,运用形态学和内转录间隔区(Internal transcribed spacer, ITS)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,G3PDH)、热激蛋白60(Heat shock protein 60,HSP60)和RNA聚合酶亚基II(The second largest subunit of the nuclear RNA polymerase enzyme II,RPB2)多基因方法鉴定,采用菌丝生长抑制法进行药剂室内毒力测定和田间药剂防治试验。结果表明：引起黄芩灰霉病的病原菌为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),春季发病时表现为地上部分枯死不发芽,靠近地表的根表面呈暗绿色水渍状,随后地下根木质部变软呈黄褐色腐烂,病健交界明显;室内毒力测定表明,97%咯菌腈对灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌作用最强,EC₅₀为0.01...  相似文献   

Non-abscised aborted sweet cherry fruits are vulnerable to fruit decaying fungi and may be sources of infection for healthy fruits     

Jorunn Børve  Arne Stensvand 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(1):31-37

During three growing seasons (1999–2001), disease incidence of non-abscised aborted and normally developing (sound) sweet cherry fruits were investigated in a research orchard at Ullensvang, western Norway. To reveal possible fungal infections, aborted and sound fruits of two cultivars (cv. Van for three years and cv. Lapins for two years) were harvested over four to seven weeks in an experimental orchard during the green fruit phase and incubated at 20°C in moisture saturated air for 7 days. The most frequently observed fungal pathogens were Monilinia laxa, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Botrytis cinerea. The mean of all observations (±standard deviation) over three years, showed that aborted and sound fruits had a disease incidence of 51.9% (±31.8) and 5.2% (±9.7), respectively, after seven days incubation. In 24 of 25 trials aborted fruits had significantly higher disease incidence than sound fruits after incubation. In one season, when fruits were collected from two commercial orchards, aborted fruits had much higher disease incidence than sound fruits (a mean of 6.5 and 4.5 times higher incidence for the two orchards, respectively). Time of fruit abortion varied with the years (two years observation) and the two cultivars, but the major abortion took place between the fourth and eighth week after anthesis. A higher disease incidence and more rapid disease development in non-abscised aborted fruits indicate that they are more vulnerable to fungal colonisation than sound fruits and may thus be potential incoulum sources for neighbouring, healthy fruits.  相似文献   

木霉菌胞外酶及对番茄灰霉病菌作用的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭培磊  刘限  高增贵  庄敬华  赵岩 《北方园艺》2009,(8)

研究了木霉菌T21及其4种长势好抗逆性较强的REMI转化体对番茄灰霉病菌抑菌能力,温室防效以及其发酵液中几丁质酶、-β1,3-葡聚糖酶和纤维素酶的活性。结果表明:5株木霉菌株对番茄灰霉病病菌都有不同程度抑制作用,其中Ttrm68抑制效果最好,培养一定时间后,木霉可以把番茄灰霉病菌完全覆盖;温室防效也是Ttrm68的效果最好。胞外酶活性的测定结果表明:对番茄灰霉菌抑制效果好的木霉菌几丁质酶和-β1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性高,而纤维素酶活性则没有明显的规律。  相似文献   

BHT对苹果采后灰霉病的防效及防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

孟璐璐  于春蕾  薛德胜  李保华  梁文星  王彩霞 《植物保护学报》2019,46(3):686-692

为探究2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,BHT)对苹果采后灰霉病的防效和防病机制,采用平板法和刺伤接种法测定了BHT对灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制作用及果实内防御酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明,0.1 mmol/L BHT对苹果灰霉病的防效最佳,处理苹果后间隔48～96 h接种灰霉病菌,其防效可达68.59%～73.55%,其次为0.2、1.0 mmol/L BHT处理,但防效均低于52.94%。0.1 mmol/L BHT处理对灰霉病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发无显著抑制作用,但可显著增强果实内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性以及总抗氧化能力,其峰值是对照的1.82～5.28倍,且均显著高于单独接种灰霉病菌的处理。此外,单独接种灰霉病菌的苹果果实内丙二醛含量快速升高,最大增幅达251.49%,而BHT处理后丙二醛含量变幅较小,最大增幅仅为83.95%。表明BHT可通过增强苹果果实内防御酶活性水平和总抗氧化能力来降低丙二醛的积累,从而提高果实对灰霉病的抗性。  相似文献   

isopropylstilbene发酵条件优化及其对灰葡萄孢的抑制作用     

王保娟  蔡楠  李兴海  于志国 《农药学学报》2019,21(2):187-195

isopropylstilbene (3, 5-二羟基-4-异丙基二苯乙烯) 是发光杆菌Photohabdus temperata产生的一种二苯乙烯类化合物,具有多种生物活性。为促进isopropylstilbene在农业抗生素领域应用价值的开发,采用固相萃取、柱层析等技术从发光杆菌P. temperata SN 35的发酵液中分离纯化得到1个化合物,通过核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了确认,并采用高效液相色谱测定了其纯度;通过Plackett-Burman试验和响应面法对发光杆菌SN 35摇瓶发酵培养条件进行了优化,并初步研究了所分离化合物对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea的离体抑菌活性及对灰霉病的防治效果。结果表明:所分离的化合物为isopropylstilbene,纯度为93%;对发光杆菌SN 35摇瓶发酵培养条件进行优化后,isopropylstilbene的产量是优化前的2.22倍。离体抑菌试验结果表明:isopropylstilbene对灰葡萄孢的菌丝生长具有较好的抑制作用,其EC₅₀值为 (9.17 ± 0.17) μg/mL,但低于对照药剂百菌清[EC₅₀值为 (0.90 ± 0.08) μg/mL];在10 μg/mL下,isopropylstilbene对灰葡萄孢孢子萌发的抑制率为63.01%。活体盆栽试验结果表明,在200 μg/mL下,isopropylstilbene对黄瓜灰霉病的防治效果达92.19%,与百菌清的防效 (97.63%) 相当,对番茄灰霉病的防治效果为72.12%,略低于百菌清 (81.61%)。本研究通过对isopropylstilbene发酵条件的优化,为其工业化生产奠定了理论基础。该化合物对灰霉病具有很好的防治效果,可为天然杀菌剂的研究与开发提供参考。  相似文献   

绿色木霉·烯酰吗啉水分散片剂对番茄灰霉病的防治效果     

王勇  张文革  何璐  张丽  孟野  魏清  张宗俭 《湖北农业科学》2007,46(3):96-398

本文通过对峙培养,菌间交互作用机制观察及拮抗菌培养液对病菌生长影响的测定,探讨绿色木霉菌对番茄灰霉病菌的拮抗作用及其作用机制.室内及田间试验表明,绿色木霉·烯酰吗啉水分散片剂300～600倍液,对番茄灰霉病的防效为83%～95%,且对作物安全;其对病原茵的抑制作用是通过代谢产物(酶或有毒物质)的作用表现出来的.  相似文献   

Preliminary Study on the Activity of Phycobiliproteins against Botrytis cinerea     

Hillary Righini  Ornella Francioso  Michele Di Foggia  Antera Martel Quintana  Roberta Roberti 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are proteins of cyanobacteria and some algae such as rhodophytes. They have antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activity at the human level, but there is a lack of knowledge on their antifungal activity against plant pathogens. We studied the activity of PBPs extracted from Arthrospira platensis and Hydropuntia cornea against Botrytis cinerea, one of the most important worldwide plant-pathogenic fungi. PBPs were characterized by using FT-IR and FT-Raman in order to investigate their structures. Their spectra differed in the relative composition in the amide bands, which were particularly strong in A. platensis. PBP activity was tested on tomato fruits against gray mold disease, fungal growth, and spore germination at different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mg/mL). Both PBPs reduced fruit gray mold disease. A linear dose–response relationship was observed for both PBPs against disease incidence and H. cornea against disease severity. Pathogen mycelial growth and spore germination were reduced significantly by both PBPs. In conclusion, PBPs have the potential for being also considered as natural compounds for the control of fungal plant pathogens in sustainable agriculture.  相似文献   

番茄灰霉病高效拮抗菌株鉴定及抗菌活性研究   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6  

李桂霞  马汇泉  刘婧  董瑾 《山东农业科学》2007,(2):69-72

采用形态特征观察、生理生化特性测定以及16S rDNA序列分析,对分离于淄博感染灰霉病的大棚番茄土壤样品中的6株拮抗细菌进行了分类鉴定和拮抗活性分析。结果显示,6株细菌形态均为直的杆状,有鞭毛能运动,能生成抗热的芽孢,芽孢椭圆形,革兰氏染色均为阳性,通过对菌株16S rDNA序列进行测定和同源性比对,发现与芽孢杆菌同源性达99%,结合生理生化特性确定B-01、B-02、B-03、B-04为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),B-06为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),B-07为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。通过滤液抑菌活性测定,B-02、B-06滤液对病原菌有很强的抑制作用,并且在稀释不同倍数时均能抑制灰霉病菌的生长。  相似文献   

番茄灰霉病分子诊断方法研究     

王娜  马雅军  代光辉  王喆之 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2007,25(1):50-54

为提供番茄灰霉病的早期诊断技术,应用其病原菌灰葡萄孢种特异片段P729分子标志,建立了PCR检测方法,并进行了实验室和大田现场标本的评价。结果显示番茄灰霉病的分子诊断方法在实验室具有特异、稳定和可靠的特点。比较6种抽提基因组DNA的方法,方法B效果理想。应用建立的分子诊断方法可从0.2μg灰葡萄孢菌丝中获得阳性扩增,具有相当高的灵敏性;大田样本的检测结果说明该方法可用于番茄灰霉病的早期诊断。  相似文献