大豆根瘤菌接种效应及竞争结瘤能力分析     

王金生  丁宁  吴俊江  刘庆莉  张鑫 《大豆科学》2017,36(5)

为了筛选获得竞争结瘤能力强且对大豆生长发育、产量有积极影响的大豆根瘤菌菌株,以前期分离、鉴定、纯化的10株根瘤菌菌株为材料,对高匹配性大豆品种进行了田间接种试验。于大豆盛花期测定根瘤菌的结瘤数量及固氮酶性能。同时,对接种供试菌株及分离获得的根瘤菌菌株进行BOX-PCR并比较不同菌株之间的BOX分子指纹图谱,以此获得供试菌株的田间占瘤率。于成熟期测定大豆的主要生育特征、产量构成因子。结果表明:大豆接种根瘤菌后在整个生长期,叶片表现为颜色深绿,质地鲜嫩;根瘤菌可以显著促进大豆根系结瘤,增加单株根瘤数目。接种处理I4(即接种菌株112-1)的单株根瘤数最多,比不接种对照处理I0多32.95%,差异显著。接种根瘤菌处理的根瘤干重均显著低于不接种对照处理。其中,接种处理I4的根瘤干重最高。接种处理I6的固氮酶活性最高,与接种处理I4之间差异不显著;接种菌株的占瘤率为10%~90%,占瘤率变化幅度较大,平均占瘤率为50%。I4处理占瘤率最高为90%,I6处理(即接种菌株113-1)的占瘤率次之,为75%;菌株占瘤率与单株根瘤数呈极显著的正相关(r=0.82**),单株瘤干重与菌株占瘤率、单株根瘤数、固氮酶活性均呈现负相关(r=-0.387,r=-0.50,r=-0.13);I6处理株高最高,I4处理次之,两处理之间差异并不显著;I2、I4、I6处理的单株荚数、单株粒数相对较高,3处理之间差异并不显著;I4处理的大豆百粒重均显著高于其它菌液处理。根据接种根瘤菌对大豆结瘤固氮性能、产量等方面的影响,结合各根瘤菌株的竞争结瘤能力,筛选获得适于黑龙江哈尔滨地区大豆生产有广阔利用价值的高效大豆根瘤菌株112-1和113-1。  相似文献   

Rhizobiophage effects on nodulation,nitrogen fixation,and yield of field-grown soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.)     

F. M. Hashem  J. S. Angle 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1990,9(4):330-334

Summary Previous laboratory and greenhouse studies have shown that phages significantly reduce soil populations of homologous rhizobia. Reductions in nodulation and N₂ fixation have also been observed. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of a phage specific ofBradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 117 on nodulation, nodule occupancy, N₂ fixation and soybean growth and yield under field conditions. The phage was inoculated in combination withB. japonicum USDA 117 and/orB. japonicum USDA 110 (resistant strain) into a rhizobia-free sandy loam soil and planted toGlycine max (L.) Merr. Williams. When the phage was applied to soil inoculated withB. japonicum USDA 117 alone, significant reductions in nodule weight and number, shoot weight, foliar N, nitrogenase activity, and seed index were observed. When, however, the soil also contained the non-homologous strain,B. japonicum USDA 110, no significant effects on any of these parameters were found. Nodule occupancy by competing strains ofB. japonicum USDA 110 and USDA 117 was also affected by the phage. In soil which did not contain the phage, 46% and 44% of the identified nodules were occupied by USDA 110 and 117, respectively. When the phage was present in the soil, nodule occupancy byB. japonicum USDA 117 was reduced to 23%, while occupancy byB. japonicum USDA 110 was increased to 71%. These results suggest that nodulation by selected strains of rhizobia can be restricted and nodulation by more effective, inoculated strains can be increased through the introduction of a homologous phage to soils.  相似文献   

Effect of some fungicide seed treatments on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybean [Glycine max. (L) Merr.]     

Cécile Revellin  Philippe Leterme  Gérard Catroux 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1993,16(3):211-214

Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation.  相似文献   

Modelling of survival kinetics of some Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains in soils     

A. Corman  Y. Crozat  J. C. Cleyet-Marel 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1987,4(1-2):79-84

Summary The existence of a balance survival rate of different B. japonicum strains in soils has been well established. Balance levels (M) were shown to be independent of inoculum size but differences between strains in a soil could not be discussed partly because of the instability of the recovery's efficiency in the area of the plateau. In this paper, a dynamic model, the Gompertz equation, is fitted to the data, to estimate the rate (A) at which equilibrium is reached. For the three strains in the three soils previously studied, this rate is also independent of inoculum size and the soil-strain interaction is highly significant. Some data from the literature are also well fitted by the model. We propose to characterize the saprophytic potential of a strain with the pair of parameters A-M. An optimal experimental procedure is proposed to obtain the most precise estimates for these parameters. Their biological significance is discussed, but the fact that they are not dependent upon inoculation level is of basic importance for agronomic practice.  相似文献   

Denitrifying ability of indigenous strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolated from fields under paddy-upland rotation     

Susumu Asakawa 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1993,15(3):196-200

Summary In Japan some paddy fields are used for upland crops for several years and then returned to paddy fields (paddy-upland rotation). Soybeans (Glycine max L.) are an important summer crop. The ability to denitrify and some characteristics of denitrification by isolated strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum were investigated to clarify the frequency of denitrifiers in indigenous populations of B. japonicum in fileds under paddyupland rotation. Eight field plots with different cropping systems at two sites were used. The fields consisted of a Gray Lowland Soil, and either soybeans or paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) was grown as a summer crop, with barley (Hordeum distichum L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as a winter crop. All B. japonicum strains present in the plots were able to denitrify. Isolated strains fell into two main groups (groups I and II) according to the rate of denitrification. Strains of group I evolved N₂O with C₂H₂ at a rate comparable to that of Alcaligenes denitrificans IAM 12370, whereas the denitrification activity of group II strains was 100 times lower than that of group I strains. Both group I and II strains occurred in each plot. Amounts of N₂O produced by indigenous strains with and without C₂H₂ suggested that strains of group I and II evolved N₂ or N₂O, respectively, as the end product of denitrification. One strain (S 107) that was isolated had the highest denitrifying ability with an end product of N₂O. These results indicate that indigenous bradyrhizobia may partly contribute to denitrification of field soil under a paddy-upland rotation.  相似文献   

EFFECT OF OLIVE OIL ON THE SURVIVAL RATE OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM IN SOME LIQUID CARRIERS     

Mohammad Hossein Arzanesh  Kazem Khavazi  Mohammad Miransari 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(6):869-874

We have previously investigated the effects of different solid carriers on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. With respect to the important effects of microbial carriers for the inoculation and maintenance of microbial populations. Because to our knowledge there has been no data regarding the effects of liquid carriers including olive oil on the survival of B. japonicum, this research work was performed. The objectives were to: 1) characterize and select the most suitable liquid carries, and 2) study the effects of oil carrier on improving the bacterial performance, and their survival rate on the inoculated seeds. Accordingly, the effects of olive oil on the survival rates of B. japonicum, strain CB 1809 was studied using five different liquid carriers. According to the data use of olive oil may be a suitable method to improve the properties of liquid carriers for the production of rhizobium inoculums.  相似文献   

Use of aliette,a basipetally translocated antimicrobial compound,to enhance rhizophere colonization and nodulation by root-nodule bacteria     

M. A. Siddiqi  M. Alexander 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1991,12(2):141-146

Summary A method was developed to improve the colonizing ability of inoculated strains of root-nodule bacteria using aliette (aluminum tris-O-ethyl phosphonate), a basipetally translocated fungicide. Aliette applied to seeds of alfalfa inoculated with an aliette-resistant strain of Rhizobium meliloti increased the numbers of R. meliloti in the rhizosphere after 3 but not 37 days, increased the number of nodules, and with some seed treatments, increased the growth of alfalfa. The enhanced colonization by R. meliloti as a result of seed treatment with aliette lasted for at least 31 days for alfalfa, although plant weights did not increase, Colonization by R. meliloti was further enhanced if seeds and foliage were treated with the fungicide. Coating seeds or sparaying the foliage with aliette also increased the number and weight of nodules and nitrogenase activity in soybeans inoculated with an aliette-resistant strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The stimulation of B. japonicum in the rhizosphere and of nodulation was evident with successive plantings of soybeans if the seeds for each planting were treated with the chemical, but aliette did not increase the yield of inoculated soybeans in the subsequent plantings. With only the seeds of the first planting of inoculated soybeans treated with aliette, the numbers of B. japonicum in the rhizosphere of subsequent plantings were only occasionally greater and the numbers of nodules on the later plantings were not increased. We suggest that root colonization, nodulation, and N₂ fixation by Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium may be enhanced by the use of basipetally translocated antimicrobial compounds together with root-nodule bacteria that are resistant to those compounds.  相似文献   

Differentiation of soybean-nodulating Bradyrhizobium USDA strains using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 23S–5S rRNA genes     

Yuichi SAEKI  Tadashi MURATA  Takeo YAMAKAWA  Shoichiro AKAO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(5):562-567

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Interaction Amongst Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Genotype, Soil Type and Inoculant Strain with Regard to N₂ Fixation     

C. M. van Jaarsveld  M. A. Smit  & G. H. J. Krüger 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(3):206-211

The nitrogen (N₂)‐fixing bacterial inoculant strain for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is not indigenous to South African soils. The interaction between soybean genotype, soil type and inoculant strain, however, has a definite influence on soybean production and compatibility should be optimized. This paper reports a growth chamber study using three different soybean genotypes (Barc‐9, Avuturda and Talana), three Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant strains (WB108, WB112 and WB1) and three soil types (Avalon, Arcadia and sand) to evaluate the effectiveness of N₂ fixation by different genotype × soil type × inoculant strain combinations, using different measuring parameters. These parameters included nodule fresh mass (NFM), amount of N₂ fixed (P_fix), as determined by the ureide method, seed protein content (SPC), average seed mass per plant (SMP) and average foliar N content (FNC). The comparison amongst the three‐way interactions, genotype × soil type × inoculant strain, did not differ significantly for the parameters used. Significant two‐way interactions were soil × inoculant for FNC, P_fix and SMP; soil × genotype for FNC and SMP, and inoculant × genotype for FNC (P < 0.05). The soil × inoculant strain interaction was significant for P_fix (P < 0.05). NFM, P_fix, FNC, SMP and SPC correlated positively with soil pH and negatively with soil clay content and soil NO₃^– and NH₄⁺ content (P < 0.05). SPC was significantly different (P < 0.05) for soil type, genotype and inoculant strain. P_fix and NFM did not reflect the protein content of the seeds, indicating that nodule evaluation should be used with caution as a N₂ fixation parameter. Low soil pH and high mineral N content inhibited N₂ fixation. NFM correlated negatively with the clay content of the soil. This finding confirms that soybean production in South Africa can be improved by appropriate selection of genotypes and inoculant strains for their compatibility in different soils.  相似文献   

Survival of inoculant Bradyrhizobium japonicum in an Andosol     

M. K. Menyah  K. Sato 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,23(2):105-109

The survival of an antibiotic-resistant mutant of a commercial inoculant Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain, A1017ks, was studied in a volcanic ash soil (Andosol) in comparison with a non-volcanic ash soil (Fluvisol) over a period of 84 days. In a non-sterile soil system, the population decline in the Andosol (15% or 1.2 log units) was larger than in the Fluvisol (6% or 0.54 log units). In both soils, however, the inoculant bradyrhizobium survived at fairly high population levels after the period of incubation [10⁶ and 10⁷ colony-forming units (CFU) g^-1 dry soil in the Andosol and Fluvisol, respectively]. In sterile control soil, viable bradyrhizobium cells could not be detected after 1 week of incubation in the Andosol, whereas in the Fluvisol population of introduced bradyrhizobium was maintained throughout the period of incubation. Overall changes in the population of indigenous bacteria and fungi were also monitored. However, no clear pattern of interaction between the inoculant Bradyrhizobium japonicum and the indigenous microbes could be identified. The antibiotic-resistant mutant maintained its resistance in the Fluvisol throughout the 3-month period of incubation, making it a useful model for conducting ecological studies in the soil.  相似文献