CT FEATURES OF ALVEOLITIS AND SINUSITIS IN HORSES     

Wolfgang  Henninger  DR MED VET  E. Mairi Frame    BVMS  DVR  MRCVS  Michael  Willmann  DR MED VET  Hubert  Simhofer  DR MET VET  Dieter  Malleczek  MAG MED VET  Sibylle M.  Kneissl  DR MED VET  Elisabeth  Mayrhofer  PROF DR MED VET 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(3):269-276

Sinusitis is a common disorder in horses and may result from trauma, dental diseases, or space-occupying lesions. Radiography can only provide a limited amount of information. Computed tomography (CT) has been documented as an alternative imaging method. Eighteen horses (mostly Warmblood) with signs of chronic sinusitis were examined preoperatively with CT to assist in diagnosis of the underlying cause. There was a group of common CT features in horses with dental disease and sinusitis. The first molar was the most frequently affected maxillary cheek tooth. Hypoattenuation of the cementum, destruction of the enamel, and filling of the infundibular cavity with gas were the most frequent CT findings associated with caries. Gas bubbles within the bulging root area or fragmentation of the root in combination with swelling of the adjacent sinus lining were the most important CT features of dental decay. CT findings associated with sinusitis included excessive thickening of the respiratory epithelium in the rostral maxillary sinus; the caudal maxillary sinus was less often involved. The infraorbital canal, the nasomaxillary duct, and the frontomaxillary aperture were usually involved. The maxillary bone, however, especially the facial crest, was involved in nearly every horse, being characterized by endosteal sclerosis, thickening, periosteal reaction, and deformation leading to facial swelling in chronic infections. CT images allowed identification of involvement of individual teeth more clearly to reveal the diseased one for treatment. Three-dimensional imaging allowed improved understanding of the extent and severity of the pathologic change.  相似文献   

The CT dorsolateral subluxation index is a feasible method for quantifying laxity in the feline hip joint     

Carmela Valastro  Delia Franchini  Valerio Valentini  Gianvito Lanave  Aristide Maggiolino  Stefano Ciccarelli  Antonio Di Bello 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(4):372-377

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Orthopedic Diagnostic Imaging in Exotic Pets     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2019,22(2):149-173

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Characterization of normal feline renal vascular anatomy with dual-phase CT angiography   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Ana V Cáceres  Allison L Zwingenberger  Lillian R Aronson  Wilfried Mai 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(4):350-356

Helical computed tomography angiography was used to evaluate the renal vascular anatomy of potential feline renal donors. One hundred and fourteen computed tomography angiograms were reviewed. The vessels were characterized as single without bifurcation, single with bifurcation, double, or triple. Multiplicity was most commonly seen for the right renal vein (45/114 vs. 3/114 multiple left renal veins, 0/114 multiple right renal arteries, and 8/114 multiple left renal arteries). The right kidney was 13.3 times more likely than the left to have multiple renal veins. Additional vascular variants included double caudal vena cava and an accessory renal artery. For the left kidney, surgery and computed tomography angiography findings were in agreement in 92% of 74 cats. For the right kidney, surgery and computed tomography angiography findings were in agreement in 6/6 cats. Our findings of renal vascular anatomy variations in cats were similar to previous reports in humans. Identifying and recognizing the pattern of distribution of these vessels is important when performing renal transplantation.  相似文献   

Anatomical variation of habitat‐related changes in scapular morphology     

Taiki Matsuo  Fumio Morita  Daisuke Tani  Hitomi Nakamura  Yasuo Higurashi  Junji Ohgi  Claudius Luziga  Naomi Wada 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(3):218-227

The mammalian forelimb is adapted to different functions including postural, locomotor, feeding, exploratory, grooming and defence. Comparative studies on morphology of the mammalian scapula have been performed in an attempt to establish the functional differences in the use of the forelimb. In this study, a total of 102 scapulae collected from 66 species of animals, representatives of all major taxa from rodents, sirenians, marsupials, pilosa, cetaceans, carnivores, ungulates, primates and apes, were analysed. Parameters measured included scapular length, width, position, thickness, area, angles and index. Structures included supraspinous and infraspinous fossae, scapular spine, glenoid cavity, acromium and coracoid processes. Images were taken using computed tomographic (CT) scanning technology (CT‐Aquarium, Toshiba and micro CT‐LaTheta, Hotachi, Japan), and measurement values were acquired and processed using Avizo computer software and CanvasTM 11 ACD systems. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Results obtained showed that there were differences in morphological characteristics of scapula between mammals with arboreal locomotion and living in forest and mountainous areas and those with leaping and terrestrial locomotion living in open habitat or savannah. Differences were seen in the ratio of maximum length and maximum width, the orientation of scapular spine and the horizontal length of acromion and coracoid processes. The cause for the statistical grouping of the animals and the way the scapular shape covaries with habitat and to the type of locomotion and speed are discussed in detail.  相似文献   

Surgical anatomy of the nasal and paranasal sinuses in Egyptian native sheep (Ovis aries) using computed tomography and cross sectioning     

Ashraf Sayed Awaad  Mohamed Kamal Merai Abdel Maksoud  Mohamed Zaki Fathy 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(4):279-289

The present work aimed to describe the normal computed tomography (CT) and cross‐sectional anatomy of the nasal and paranasal sinuses in sheep and to correlate these features with the relevant clinical practices. Twenty apparent healthy heads of Egyptian native breed of sheep (Baladi sheep) of both sexes were used for studying these sinuses. CT images and their closely identical cross sections of the same head were selected and serially labelled in a progression from the rostral nasal region to the caudal aspect of the head using cheek teeth as landmarks. The current investigation reported seven sinuses in sheep, including maxillary, frontal, lacrimal and sphenoidal as paranasal, as well as dorsal and middle conchal and ethmoidal as nasal with unnoticeable palatine and ventral nasal conchal sinuses. The boundaries, extension, structure and communications of these sinuses were fully described. The current study provided anatomical guidelines for surgical interference in the frontal and maxillary sinuses during trephination, dehorning and sinuscopy. Also, an acceptable anatomical explanation was reported in this study for the high incidence of maxillary sinusitis than other sinuses. CT and cross‐sectional anatomy could be used as helpful database for diagnosis and clinical interference of the nasal and paranasal sinuses in sheep.  相似文献   

Concurrent pituitary and adrenocortical lesions on computed tomography imaging in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism     

Kirsten L. van Bokhorst  Hans S. Kooistra  Susanne A.E.B. Boroffka  Sara Galac 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):72-78

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Diagnostic Imaging of the Urinary Tract     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2019,49(2):261-286

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Comparison of a computed tomographic pulmonary trunk to aorta diameter ratio with echocardiographic indices of pulmonary hypertension in dogs          下载免费PDF全文

James Sutherland‐Smith  Elyshia J. Hankin  Suzanne M. Cunningham  Amy F. Sato  Bruce A. Barton 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(1):18-26

There are limited criteria for the detection of pulmonary hypertension in dogs undergoing computed tomography (CT) for pulmonary disease. This retrospective analytical exploratory study compared a CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio with echocardiographic estimates of pulmonary hypertension. Dogs having both a contrast thoracic CT and echocardiogram were selected and maximal pulmonary trunk and descending aorta diameters were measured by two observers on a single transverse CT image. Computed tomographic diameter ratios were compared with the echocardiographic parameters of tricuspid regurgitation gradient, right ventricular acceleration time‐to‐ejection time ratio, pulmonary insufficiency gradient, and pulmonary artery to aorta diameter. A total of 78 dogs were sampled, with 44 dogs having one or more finding suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. A moderate positive correlation was shown between tricuspid regurgitation gradient and CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio (r = 0.61, P‐value < 0.0001). Mean CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio of dogs with moderate (P = 0.0132) and severe (P < 0.0003) pulmonary hypertension were significantly higher than normal dogs. There was no significant difference in mean CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio between normal and mild pulmonary hypertension dogs (P = 0.4244). The intraclass correlation coefficient (0.72) showed good reproducibility of the ratio. Findings indicated that CT pulmonary trunk to aorta ratio is a reproducible and potentially useful method to predict moderate and severe pulmonary hypertension in dogs, but not mild pulmonary hypertension. In dogs undergoing thoracic CT for pulmonary disease, an increased ratio should prompt follow up echocardiography.  相似文献   

Internal jugular vein phlebectasia in a one-year-old Warmblood stallion     

L. Vera  S. Muylle  G. van Loon  L. Gatel  A. Martens  K. Vanderperren 《Equine Veterinary Education》2021,33(7):e181-e185

Internal jugular vein phlebectasia (IJVP) is a saccular or fusiform dilation of the internal jugular vein without tortuosity. In human patients, it causes an asymptomatic intermittent unilateral swelling in the lower part of the neck. Although the diagnosis can be suggested based on the clinical features, confirmation by imaging techniques is necessary. This report describes the first reported case of IJVP in a one-year-old Warmblood horse. The horse was admitted with a large, soft intermittent swelling in the right jugular groove, especially when lowering the head. Ultrasound showed an enlarged vein (10 cm diameter) draining normally towards the heart. Furthermore, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) revealed a large distention of the deep venous system on the right side of the neck. Due to uncertain future athletic performance and both the extent and the complexity of the venous dilation, surgical intervention was declined and the horse was subjected to euthanasia. Post-mortem dissection revealed a small right external jugular vein but a markedly dilated right internal jugular vein (10 cm diameter), which is normally absent in horses. Based on the imaging and necropsy findings, diagnosis of IJVP was  made.  相似文献