高温胁迫下菊花嫁接苗中保护酶活性的变化     

王希  张艳梅  王彩云 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,42(1):125-131

【目的】探讨嫁接对菊花耐热性的影响机理及对菊花不同器官耐热性的影响。【方法】比较40℃高温胁迫下菊花嫁接苗和不同生育期扦插苗的叶片、根系和茎段中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化与差异。【结果】菊花嫁接苗根茎叶中3种保护酶活性均显著高于扦插苗。与扦插苗相比,嫁接苗叶片、根系和茎段中SOD、POD和CAT活性分别平均提高11.6%,378.0%,260.1%;125.5%,131.3%,203.1%;90.1%,98.0%,90.5%。嫁接苗叶片中以SOD活性最大,均值达375U/g;根系中以POD活性最大,均值达605.87U/g;茎段中3种保护酶活性差异较小,以POD活性略高。【结论】嫁接是提高菊花耐热能力的一项有效措施,嫁接苗根茎叶的耐热性差别显著。  相似文献   

菊科植物蓬蒿提取物抑菌活性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈建中  葛水莲  邢芳倩 《北方园艺》2011,(22):126-128

以菊科蓬蒿属蓬蒿为试材,研究了水、50％乙醇和100％乙醇3种蓬蒿浸提物对灰葡萄孢菌、链格孢菌和黑根霉菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响.结果表明:蓬蒿提取物对灰葡萄孢菌和黑根霉菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发具有较好的抑制作用,对链格孢菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用不明显；对于灰葡萄孢菌,蓬蒿乙醇提取物对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用大于水提物；黑根霉表现与其相反,水提取物比乙醇提取物对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用更明显.  相似文献   

Application of RAPD markers in the characterisation of Chrysanthemum varieties and the assessment of somaclonal variation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carmen Martí:n  Elizabeth Uberhuaga  César Pérez 《Euphytica》2002,127(2):247-253

Characterisation of fifteen commercial varieties of Chrysanthemum was carried out through RAPD analysis. Varieties could be distinguished from each other and the level of similarity between varieties seemed to be not very high. In vitro cultures were establish from four varieties and were subjected to different proliferation conditions. Five individuals from each variety and treatment were analysed using RAPD at the beginning of the treatment and after a month of culture. Variation was detected at both stages of the culture period. The rate of variation found showed differences between varieties, but no significant difference was found between culture conditions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis in Chrysanthemum morifolium. II. Flower doubleness and ray floret corolla splitting     

J. Dejong  D. L. Drennan 《Euphytica》1984,33(2):465-470

Summary The inheritance of flower doubleness and floret corolla shape was studied in 70 F₁ populations from 16 parents. Singleness is partially dominant over doubleness. The overall segregation for doubleness in crosses of the type double × single was 29% single, 58% semi double and 12% double. The percentages varied with the parents.The anemone flower type is inherited as if it were a single. Crosses between plants with ligulate (split lengthwise) and tubular corollas produced ligulate, tubular and intermediate types in various ratios depending on the parents used. Flower doubleness and corolla shape are not linked.  相似文献   

Population improvement in pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium Vis.)     

B. K. Bhat  R. C. Menary  P. N. Pandita 《Euphytica》1985,34(3):613-617

Summary A population improvement programme in pyrethrum had progressively increased the mean pyrethrins content from 1.33 percent in the unselected base population to 1.97 percent in the population developed after one cycle of each of mass and recurrent selections. The selection had also increased the range of variation and the relative frequency of desirable plants.  相似文献   

Mutation breeding of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. using in vivo and in vitro adventitious bud techniques     

C. Broertjes  S. Roest  G. S. Bokelmann 《Euphytica》1976,25(1):11-19

Summary During experiments, which are being carried out to study the factors which control the process of adventitious bud formation in vivo on detached leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram, adventitious shoots were produced from leaves, irradiated with 500 rad of X-rays. The most important but disadvantageous result was that the majority of the adventitious shoots proved to be of a chimeral nature and obviously developed from more than one cell.An in vitro adventitious bud technique was developed using different types of explants. Pedicel segments regenerated the highest number of adventitious shoots and, moreover, they developed faster as compared to explants of young flower heads or leaves. The mutants produced by irradiating the various explants were almost exclusively of a solid (non-chimeral) nature. In addition, histological observations suggest that single epidermal cells are involved in the initiation of the adventitious shoot apices.The optimum dose for mutant production is approximately 800 rad X-rays. Rather often, more than one phenotypically identical mutant was found, which was always derived from the same explant. They could for instance originate from a multi-apical meristem formed by a single mutated cell.  相似文献   

菊花营养价值的初步研究     

汪志君 《农业工程学报》1995,11(3):188-191

分析测定了野生菊(Mantianxing),药用菊(Hangbaiju),栽培菊(Huangjingqiu),三个菊花品种的还原糖、总糖、维生素C,氨基酸及钙,磷、铁、铜、锌、锰等矿质元素的含量。结果表明:野生菊的维生素C、总糖、还原糖、氨基酸总量分别比药用菊和栽培菊高,药用菊的铁、锌、铜、锰的含量分别比野生菊和栽培菊高。栽培菊的钙、磷则分别比野生菊和药用菊高。从而为进一步开发利用我国丰富的菊花资源提供了依据。  相似文献   

60Co-γ射线对菊花组培苗的诱变效应   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王晶  刘录祥  ZHAO Shi-rong  赵世荣  郭会君  赵林姝  陈文华 《农业生物技术学报》2006,14(2):241-244

对菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)品种秋之山的组培苗, 采用5～30 Gy的60Co-γ射线照射处理。研究了γ射线对组培苗生长、增殖和生根的影响以及对组培再生植株移栽后生长开花的影响。结果表明20 Gy是γ射线处理菊花组培苗的致死剂量；从生根和继代培养生长和增殖的结果看，诱变处理的最佳剂量在10 Gy左右；组培再生植株移栽后发现，10 Gy处理的植株中花色变异率为8.2%。与对照花鲜艳的纯黄色相比，变异花增加了不同深浅的红色素，且突变植株均为同质稳定突变。  相似文献   

农杆菌介导的地被菊遗传转化体系的优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵伶俐  石少川  张启翔  高亦珂 《分子植物育种》2011,9(1):74-80

本研究以地被菊‘北林黄’无菌苗叶片外植体为受体材料,以卡那霉素抗性基因为选择标记基因,对农杆菌介导的地被菊‘北林黄’的遗传转化体系进行优化。研究结果表明:选取植株中部叶片为转化受体,外植体在经过1d的预培养,用活化的OD600为0.6的农杆菌侵染10min,共培养2d,再经过3d延迟培养后转移到筛选培养基上培养,有利于提高遗传转化效率,外植体的愈伤组织获得数和抗性芽数均最高。在筛选后期,不定芽生根阶段使用的Kanamycin(Kan)选择压力为25mg/L。获得的部分Kan抗性植株经PCR检测,扩增出特异条带,初步证明目的基因已整合到‘北林黄’基因组DNA中。本研究将为进一步利用分子手段对地被菊进行遗传改良,并获得综合抗逆性提高的优异种质奠定基础。  相似文献   

运用RAPD分析菊花辐射变异后代遗传差异   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

洪亚辉  朱兆海  张学文  萧浪涛 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,29(6):462-467

以不同辐射剂量的^60Co-γ射线处理菊花愈伤组织，获得变异后代，从分子水平上检测不同辐射剂量对植物遗传物质的影响，运用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对5种变异株和对照进行分子标记和遗传突变的研究，建立了适合RAPD的反应体系，优化其反应条件，从25种引物中筛选出的6种引物表现出明显的多态性差异，共扩增出72条带。结果表明，经过不同辐射剂量处理获得的变异菊花在DNA水平上存在多态性差异，分析了多态性产生的机理和变异株间遗传物质的差异，并讨论了RAPD的可靠性和辐射变异的机理。  相似文献