Importance of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes Produced by Fusarium graminearum during Infection of Wheat Heads     

Wanyoike Mary Wanjiru  Kang Zhensheng  Heinrich Buchenauer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(8):803-810

Cytological studies were carried out to elucidate the importance of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE) during infection of wheat spikes by Fusarium graminearum. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that at 6–24 hours after inoculation (hai) of single spikelets with macroconidia of F. graminearum, the fungus germinated by forming several germ tubes and developed a dense hyphal network in the cavity of the spikelet. At 24–36hai, the fungus formed infection hyphae which invaded the ovary and inner surface of the lemma and palea. Transmission electron microscopical studies revealed that the fungus extended inter- and intracellularly in the ovary, lemma and rachis and caused considerable damage and alterations to the host cell walls. In different tissues of healthy and F. graminearum-infected wheat spikes the cell wall components cellulose, xylan and pectin were localized by means of enzyme-gold and immuno-gold labelling techniques. Localization of cellulose, xylan and pectin showed that host cell walls which were in direct contact with the pathogen surface had reduced gold labelling compared to considerable higher labelling densities of walls distant from the pathogen–host interface or in non-colonized tissues. The reduced gold labelling densities in the infected host cell walls indicate that these polysaccharide degrading enzymes might be important pathogenicity factors of F. graminearum during infection of wheat spikes. The results revealed that, infection and colonization of wheat spikes by F. graminearum and reactions of infected host tissue were similar to those reported for F. culmorum.  相似文献   

Biological and molecular characterization of Tomato spotted wilt Virus in Israel     

Y. Antignus  M. Lapidot  N. Ganaim  J. Cohen  O. Lachman  M. Pearlsman  B. Raccah  A. Gera 《Phytoparasitica》1997,25(4):319-330

Received April 24, 1997; received in final form June 29, 1997. Symptoms resembling tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infections were documented among ornamental and vegetable crops in commercial greenhouses and open fields in Israel. Plants exhibiting these symptoms were collected from January 1992 to December 1996. Among cultivated plants analyzed for TSWV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 19 species representing five families were found to be infected; natural infection was also recorded in six plant species of weeds. Virus identity was characterized by host range, serology and electron microscopy. Serological reaction with the isolates, found in Israel, using antisera from different sources as well as the sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid gene, demonstrated that the Israeli isolates of TSWV are a member of tospovirus serogroup I, type I (BR-01 strain). No virus transmission was found in seeds collected from virus-infected vegetable and ornamental crops. A non-radioactive molecular probe derived from the cloned nucleocapsid isolate enables specific detection of the virus in crude sap from infected plants. The detection of TSWV in Israel constitutes a severe potential threat to the ornamental and vegetable industry.  相似文献   

抗鸡传染性喉气管炎重组鸡痘病毒基因工程疫苗同居感染试验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王云峰  智海东  王玫  孙永科  仇华吉  周艳君  田志军  张绍杰  童光志 《中国预防兽医学报》2004,26(1):51-54

疫苗的接触传播是疫苗免疫接种需要考虑的重要因素,为了检测重组鸡痘病毒载体疫苗水平传播的能力,对隔离条件下饲养的SPF鸡用重组鸡痘病毒基因工程疫苗接种,同时设立非免疫对照鸡,饲养期间特意延长清粪时间以增加感染的机会,1个月之后攻击传染性喉气管炎WG株强毒和鸡痘102株强毒,疫苗免疫鸡全部获得保护,而非免疫鸡则全部发病.在试验动物饲养场的自然条件下,将免疫鸡和试验对照两组鸡饲养在同一个鸡舍内,让疫苗毒的传播更接近自然条件.在每个月的攻毒试验中,对照鸡都没有获得对鸡痘和传染性喉气管炎强毒的保护.在疫苗免疫期间进行连续5个月的跟踪检测,同居未免疫鸡没有检测到抗传染性喉气管炎病毒gB抗体.这些实验结果表明抗鸡传染性喉气管炎重组鸡痘病毒基因工程疫苗不能通过接触传播.  相似文献   

基于纵向传导的蔬菜批零价格关系研究——以北京市果类蔬菜为例     

李靓  穆月英 《中国蔬菜》2017,1(6):62-69

从蔬菜产业的纵向看,批发和零售是两个重要环节,蔬菜批发价格和零售价格的走势以及它们之间的关系是各界关注的焦点。本文以北京市场为例,以番茄和黄瓜两种果类蔬菜的按日批零价格为对象,运用有限分布滞后模型和误差修正模型进行实证分析,研究蔬菜批零价格间的传导关系,并在此基础上揭示蔬菜批发价格在蔬菜价格形成中的作用。研究发现:蔬菜批零价格走势基本一致,相关系数很高;批零价格间存在批发价格向零售价格单向传导的因果关系;批零价格的传导是顺畅的,但不同种蔬菜传导的时间效应有所不同;批发价格在蔬菜价格形成中占据主导作用,当蔬菜价格受到冲击时,若零售价格过高则其会向着批发价格下调,若批发价格过高则零售价格会随之走高。  相似文献   

基于无线传感网络隧道亮度信号采集系统的研究     

廖江  郑伟  李良荣 《山东饲料》2015,(4)

亮度信号是高速公路隧道节能照明控制系统必须检测的物理量。本文基于zigbee的技术特点，设计了一款基于无线传感网络的隧道亮度信号采集系统。系统的传感器节点负责亮度信号的采集，经CC2530处理发送，通过逐级跳转的方式把数据传输到协调器。协调器通过RS232串口与灯具控制器通信，以此实现对亮度信号的实时采集和可靠性传输。通过实验表明，该系统达到了设计的目的，并适用于高速公路隧道节能照明控制系统。  相似文献   

基于树莓派的代理机器人系统     

翁硕 《湖南农机》2016,(2):61-62

为了弥补家庭服务从业人员的不足，解决中国的老龄化问题，本文提出了基于树莓派的代理机器人系统。该系统实现了对家居环境参数的采集，建立代理机器人与远程用户的连接，实现信息反馈和控制。  相似文献   

杜洛克与二花脸杂交猪群体SNP偏分离分析     

陈佐权  饶琳  谢磊  姚天雄  张志燕 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(9):2384-2393

偏分离（TRD）是生物中普遍存在的现象,本研究拟在高密度基因芯片判断基因型的大规模群体中挖掘猪基因组标记位点的偏分离位点并探究其潜在的遗传机制。本研究用60K Illumina Porcine SNP芯片对1 020头F2资源家系（杜洛克与二花脸杂交F0-F2群体）进行基因型分型,用偏分离分析软件TRDscan （BF>100）和TDT （P<0.01）方法在单个位点上检测偏分离信号,并对二者共有的显著信号位点附近100 kb窗口的基因进行功能分析。此外,本研究还利用单倍型分型的软件包PHASEBOOK采用多位点连锁分析的策略分析了父源和母源配子中的偏分离区域,并在该区域内搜寻潜在的QTLs。结果表明：1）在单位点的偏分离分析中共鉴定到44个显著的偏分离位点,筛选到23个相关基因;对父本和母本特异性偏分离效应进行分析时,分别鉴定到27和35个显著偏分离位点,其中,分别有11和25个位点的100 kb附近有已注释的功能基因。2）基于单倍型多位点连锁的偏分离结果显示,父本显著偏分离位点位于5和13号染色体上,在该偏分离区域内搜寻功能相关的QTL,共搜寻到3个与繁殖性状（木乃伊数、产活仔数、黄体数）有关的QTLs;分析母本偏分离位点时,在4、6和12号染色体上定位到显著偏分离区域,结合已知的猪QTL数据库,共找到了5个与繁殖性状相关的QTLs。本研究利用大规模猪家系数据系统地鉴别了猪基因组的偏分离位点,为解析猪中的偏分离现象和进一步探究其生物学机制提供了一定的参考作用。  相似文献   

切断传染源与传染途径对防治猪病重要性     

由皓月  姜娓娓 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(4):154-155

近年,生猪养殖产业不断向着集约化规模化方向发展,养殖密度增加的同时,各种传染性疾病呈现高发趋势。猪传染性疾病发生后,会造成生长发育不良,行动迟缓,生理指标失衡,甚至引发死亡,带来的经济损失不可估量,某些人畜共患病还会威胁人类的身体健康。在疫病防控过程中,需要从传染源、传播途径和易感群体等角度出发,减少养殖环境病原数量,切断病原传播途径,保护易感群体,确保生猪健康生长。该文主要结合一个乡镇的疫病流行特点,分析切断传染源和传播途径对防治猪病发生流行的重要性。  相似文献   

Hepatitis E virus as an emerging zoonotic pathogen     

Woo-Jung Park  Byung-Joo Park  Hee-Seop Ahn  Joong-Bok Lee  Seung-Yong Park  Chang-Seon Song  Sang-Won Lee  Han-Sang Yoo  In-Soo Choi 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2016,17(1):1-11

Hepatitis E outbreaks are a serious public health concern in developing countries. The disease causes acute infections, primarily in young adults. The mortality rate is approximately 2%; however, it can exceed 20% in pregnant women in some regions in India. The causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV), has been isolated from several animal species, including pigs. HEV genotypes 3 and 4 have been isolated from both humans and animals, and are recognized as zoonotic pathogens. Seroprevalence studies in animals and humans indirectly suggest that HEV infections occur worldwide. The virus is primarily transmitted to humans via undercooked animal meats in developed countries. Moreover, transfusion- and transplantation-mediated HEV infections have recently been reported. This review summarizes the general characteristics of hepatitis E, HEV infection status in animals and humans, the zoonotic transmission modes of HEV, and HEV vaccine development status.  相似文献   

Polymerase chain reaction‐based national surveillance programme to determine the distribution and prevalence of Taylorella equigenitalis in South African horses          下载免费PDF全文

C. E. May  A. J. Guthrie  B. Keys  C. Joone  M. Monyai  M. L. Schulman 《Equine veterinary journal》2016,48(3):307-311

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