光暗处理对水稻叶片光合关键酶的效应          下载免费PDF全文

蒋德安  翁晓燕  陆庆  郑炳松 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2001,27(4):355-360

稻苗置暗中24h后,Rubisco含量及Rubisco与可溶性蛋白的比值随光强的增加而提高;经2h光照后再置黑暗中,Rubisco含量在最初20min下降迅速,说明苗期Rubisco蛋白在光暗交替下周转较快.Rubisco的初始活力在光照下迅速增加,其上升倍数大大高于量的增加,光强越大达到最大活力所需的时间越短.照光后把稻苗置暗中,Rubisco初始羧化活力很快下降,说明Rubisco的光下活化及暗中失活迅速.Rubisco活化酶的含量随光照增加而逐渐上升,光照处理后再置暗中Rubisco活化酶含量不断下降,但速率不如Rubisco.Rubisco活化酶的活化只依赖低光强,光照处理后再置黑暗中,Rubisco活化酶活力迅速下降.  相似文献   

Relationship Between Phytohormones and Male Sterility in Thermo-Photo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile (TGMS) Wheat   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Jian-Kui Zhang  Xue-Feng Zong  Guo-Dong Yu  Jia-Na Li  Wen Zhang 《Euphytica》2006,150(1-2):241-248

Summary Fertility alternation normally occurs in a novel type of thermo-photo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) wheat whose recessive genes in the nucleus are expressed as virtually complete sterility under lower temperature and shorter daylight conditions, but as normal fertility under higher temperature and longer daylight conditions during the developmental period from meiosis of pollen mother cells (PMCs) to the early mononucleate stage of microsporogenesis. In order to provide more information about the mechanism(s) of fertility alternation in TGMS wheat, the relationship between fertility alternation and levels of phytohormones was analyzed by endogenous hormone quantification and exogenous hormone treatments in the present research. Sown at an earlier date with a relatively low temperature and short daylight, TGMS wheat was male sterile phenotypically. Pollen abortion mainly occurred at the mononucleate to bi-nucleate stages of microsporogenesis and pollen abortion was mainly of the spherical type. Levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) in the anthers were at lower levels, and zeatin riboside (ZR) was higher. Sown at a later date, when the temperature during the critical period for fertility alternation was relatively high and the daylight was long, TGMS wheat was almost as fertile as the normal genotype and the contents of endogenous IAA, ABA and GA₃ in anthers were at higher levels, and the content of ZR was at a lower level. At the critical period for fertility alternation, treatments with exogenous IAA, ABA, GA₃ or aminoethoxy vinylglycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, decreased the frequency of sterile pollen grains and increased the frequency of self-pollinated fertile florets. Treatment with exogenous 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (CEPA), a releaser of ethylene, increased the frequency of sterile pollen grains and decreased the frequency of self-pollinated fertile florets. It was thus suggested that the fertility alternation of TGMS wheat was closely related to levels of phytohormones in the anthers, and changes of endogenous hormone levels were among the important factors responsible for the fertility alternation of TGMS wheat.  相似文献   

黄棕壤土柱中铁和锰的淋溶淀积特征          下载免费PDF全文

王辉程  顾沛  黄丽 《华中农业大学学报》2023,42(2):167-176

为了研究干湿交替下土壤中铁和锰的淋溶淀积特征，以亚热带的黄棕壤为土柱材料，用pH 3.5的0～0.08 mol/L的FeSO4和MnCl2单一或混合溶液（浓度比分别为4︰1、2︰1和1︰1）淋溶土柱40次（每次间隔7 d），分析淋出液的pH和铁锰含量、土壤中铁锰含量和钙镁含量的变化。结果显示，随着淋溶次数增加，铁锰淋溶处理的土柱淋出液的pH总体降低1.10～2.68，甚至低于淋溶液的pH值；淋出液中的铁含量要低于淋溶液中的，而淋溶7次之后淋出液中的锰含量则相反；淋溶第一阶段（20次）和第二阶段（40次）土壤中铁和锰的全量、铁的游离态和非晶质态的含量有所增加，铁锰浓度高的淋溶液淋溶后土壤中铁锰氧化物含量升高，游离铁含量最高为89.14 mg/g，游离锰含量最高为13.35 mg/g；干湿交替淋溶下铁氧化物比锰氧化物更易形成，铁氧化物含量在上层（5 cm）土壤中较高，锰氧化物含量在下层（25 cm）土壤中较高；淋溶后土壤中钙、镁含量分别降低0.45～4.89、8.68～14.45 g/kg。  相似文献   

李长之传记体批评中的叙论相间     

蔡青 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,2(5):113-116

李长之的传记体批评有其特殊的结构特征，他在自己传记体批评实践中，根据时代特征、政治环境的需要，由事及人，以人论事，借古喻今，发扬了一种叙论相间的文体特色。  相似文献   

Effect of dry-wet cycles on carbon dioxide release from two different volcanic ash soils in a Japanese temperate forest     

《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2012,58(5):525-533

ABSTRACT

In the present study, two volcanic ash soils (soil A and B) from a temperate broad-leaved forest in eastern Japan were aerobically incubated under repeated dry-wet cycles and continuously constant moisture conditions. The primary aims were to quantify the potential for enhancement of carbon dioxide (CO₂) release owing to increased water fluctuation and to examine differences in the responses of volcanic ash soils with different physicochemical properties. Soil B, rather than soil A, was a typical Andosol. During incubation at 20°C for 120 days with five dry-wet cycles, the CO₂ release rate was measured periodically. Abundance of the stable carbon isotope in CO₂ (δ¹³C-CO₂) was measured to capture changes in the origin of decomposed soil organic matter (SOM) owing to the dry-wet cycles. The CO₂ release rate under the dry-wet cycles was up to 49% higher than the values predicted from a parabolic relationship between CO₂ release and water content during incubation under the continuously constant moisture condition. The magnitude of CO₂ release enhancement was 2.7-fold higher in soil B relative to that in soil A. The δ¹³C-CO₂ value in the dry-wet cycles was enriched by 0.3–2.3‰ compared to that during incubation under the continuously constant moisture conditions, suggesting that the decomposition of well-metabolized and/or old SOM was enhanced by the dry-wet cycles. Thus, the present study suggests that Andosols, which have been believed to have a strong SOM stabilization ability, are vulnerable to dry-wet cycles. Then, increased water fluctuation in a future warmer world would have significant potential to stimulate CO₂ release from soils.  相似文献   

枫杨幼苗对土壤水分"湿-干"交替变化光合及叶绿素荧光的响应     

王振夏  魏虹  吕茜  李昌晓  周珺  高伟  陈伟 《勤云标准版测试》2013,33(3):888-897

以盆栽1年生枫杨幼苗为实验材料,通过人工设置土壤水分来模拟三峡库区消落带不同土壤水分对枫杨幼苗的光合参数、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光特性等的影响.试验设置4个处理组,分别为常规供水、常规供水-轻度干旱-复水、水淹、水淹-轻度干旱-复水,3个处理期分别为前期(0-33 d)、中期(34-63 d)、后期(64-78 d).结果表明,不同的水分处理显著地影响了枫杨幼苗“表观性”的气体交换、光合色素含量和水分利用效率等特性,但相较而言对枫杨幼苗“内在性”的叶绿素荧光特性影响较小,且影响的结果和程度因处理组和指标而异.78 d时,除胞间CO2浓度(Gi)、叶绿素a/叶绿素b、光化学猝灭值(qP)和非光化学淬灭值(qN)外,水淹组(FL组)的各项指标在4个处理组中都为最低值;“湿-干”交替组(FD组)的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)及总叶绿素含量则表现出先降低复水后显著增加的趋势;DR组的变化趋势与FD组类似,但变化的幅度较FD组小.研究发现,枫杨幼苗面对不同水分状况呈现出了一定的敏感特性,但随着胁迫时间的延长其无论是从光合、水分利用还是叶绿素荧光特性方面都表现出积极的响应,较能适应干旱、水淹、“湿-干”交替等多种环境胁迫,且在胁迫解除后能够迅速恢复生长,可以考虑用于三峡库区消落带的植被重建.  相似文献   

不同抽吸条件对主流烟气中氰化氢分析结果的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

兰中于  彭忠  王鹏  文鹏 《安徽农业科学》2011,(11):6511-6512

[目的]研究不同抽吸条件对卷烟主流烟气中氰化氢分析结果的影响情况。[方法]采用流动分析法测定卷烟烟气中的氰化氢,分析了抽吸容量（30、35、40、45、50 ml）、抽吸间隔时间（30、60 s）2个抽吸参数与烟气中氰化氢的关系。[结果]缩短抽吸间隔时间,增加抽吸容量均可使烟气中氰化氢的量明显增加,相反,增加抽吸间隔时间,减少抽吸容量均可使烟气中氰化氢的量明显减少。[结论]人们吸烟时可以通过改变抽吸间隔和抽吸容量来降低烟气中的氰化氢,提高卷烟的吸食品质。  相似文献   

贵阳烟草生长期内旱涝急转特征分析     

《灌溉排水学报》2019,(10)

【目的】探究贵阳市烟草生长期内旱涝急转特征,为防旱抗涝提供依据。【方法】利用贵阳市1951—2017年烟草生长期内逐日降水资料,以及贵州省灌溉试验中心站修文灌溉试验基地土壤墒情数据,通过定义连续无有效降水时间与涝期累计有效降水量,全面分析了贵阳市烟草生长期旱涝急转特征。【结果】在烟草生长期内,完全有可能发生2次以上旱涝急转,但强度较低。在烟草伸根期,不发生旱涝急转;在烟草旺长期,以低强度的旱涝急转为主,旱涝急转强度和频率都有增加趋势;在烟草成熟期,旱涝急转强度波动较大,旱涝急转强度和频率都有增加趋势。【结论】采用土壤墒情数据验证,基于连续无有效降水时间和涝期累计有效降水量能准确描述烟草生育期内旱涝急转演变规律。  相似文献   

干湿交替对长江荆江段典型断面岸滩土体力学性能的影响     

王军  宗全利  岳红艳  刘昭希 《农业工程学报》2019,35(2):144-152

河道水位水文年内的动态变化使得河岸土体处于干湿交替的状态。为研究干湿交替对粘性岸滩土体力学性能及河岸稳定性的影响,以长江荆江段8个典型崩岸断面岸滩的粘性土体为研究对象。采用历史资料分析、实地勘察取样、室内土工试验、BSTEM模型模拟相结合的方法,分析了上、下荆江河岸土体组成及力学特性,并且定量研究了干湿交替条件下粘性岸滩土体力学性能的变化;运用BSTEM模型对荆61和北门口断面在2013水文年内的崩岸过程进行了模拟,并分析了干、湿条件下土体抗剪强度指标对河岸稳定性的影响。结果表明:随着土体含水率的增加,粘聚力先增大后减小,而内摩擦角呈指数关系减小,并得出含水率与粘聚力和内摩擦角的定量关系式;2个断面计算崩塌宽度与实际一致,误差分别为1.69%和3.74%;干湿交替情况下安全系数值主要受土体粘聚力值的影响,并分别得到了2个典型断面粘聚力和内摩擦角与安全系数的一元线性关系。这样已知河岸土体含水率时,就可以通过关系式计算得出土体的粘聚力和内摩擦角,从而得出安全系数,判断河岸稳定性。  相似文献   

穗分化期旱涝急转对超级杂交早稻产量和生理特性的影响     

邓艳  钟蕾  陈小荣  朱昌兰  彭小松  贺晓鹏  傅军如  边建民  胡丽芳  欧阳林娟  贺浩华 《核农学报》2017,31(4)

为了探明旱涝急转对水稻产量形成的影响及其成因,以超级杂交早稻组合淦鑫203为材料,采用桶栽方式,于穗分化初期设置不旱不涝(NDNF)、干旱不涝(DNF)、不旱淹涝(NDF)及旱涝急转(DFAA)4种处理,研究不同处理下超级杂交早稻组合的产量及其构成、叶片叶绿素含量、光合参数以及内源激素等的变化。结果表明,相对于NDNF,DNF、NDF及DFAA的单株产量均不同程度下降,降幅分别为33.60%、16.92%和37.31%,且DNF和DFAA与NDNF间差异显著,DNF较NDF更不利于淦鑫203产量的形成,因此,穗分化期干旱较淹涝对超级杂交早稻产量负面影响更大,而DFAA单株产量又较DNF低,表明旱后淹涝急转存在叠加减产效应。与NDNF相比,DFAA下淦鑫203倒2叶的蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度和叶绿素含量均不同程度降低,稻叶光合速率显著下降,表明穗分化初期DFAA对淦鑫203光合作用具有一定的叠加损伤效应;此外,淦鑫203倒2叶内源生长促进类激素IAA和GA3含量上升,ZR含量下降,内源生长抑制类激素ABA含量在处理结束前期上升,后期下降。综上,超级杂交早稻幼穗分化期遭受严重干旱不仅影响其产量的形成,还会显著降低其耐淹能力,DFAA下光合性能的下降及内源激素平衡的改变可能是产量下降的主要原因。本研究结果为双季早稻应对"旱"、"涝",尤其是"旱涝急转"等气象灾害提供了参考依据。  相似文献