关中东部设施农业气候资源分布及变化特征   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

张永红  葛徽衍  李秀琳  李岗涛  史海燕 《中国农业气象》2009,30(2):153-157

采用陕西关中东部11站1961—2006年的气象资料,运用气候倾向率方法,分析了设施农业气候资源分布状况及其变化特征。结果表明,关中东部设施农业生产季节（当年11月-次年3月）,气温总体上呈东南高西北低的区域分布格局,热量资源是增加的趋势;降水资源最丰富的中心在华县和潼关,最少的地方在澄城、合阳、大荔和蒲城,降水量呈减少的趋势;日照资源最丰富的中心在澄城县,相对最少的地方在华县,其变化特征为：整体上南部为减少的趋势,北部为增加的趋势。在设施农业发展布局方面,北部的澄城、合阳光照资源十分丰富,只要解决好保温防冻和灌溉问题,设施农业发展的潜力很大。  相似文献   

太行山山前平原土壤有效水动态分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡燕  王会肖 《中国农业气象》2009,30(3):313-317,322

利用栾城试验站1998—2002年的降水和土壤水观测资料,探讨太行山山前平原的土壤有效水量和土壤水有效性的时间变化特征。结果表明,①土壤有效水量年内变化明显,受降水影响显著;年际变化呈减少趋势,秋季变化幅度最大;作物的主要供水层下移。②作物根系层土壤水的总体有效性在全年基本为“中效”;在冬小麦生育期,深层的土壤水逐渐转为“难效”,经过雨季能基本得到缓解;自1998年至2001年土壤水分有效性等级由浅层至深层依次降低。  相似文献   

河西走廊东部麦红吸浆虫发生的气象预测     

蒋菊芳  魏育国  刘明春  邓振镛 《中国农业气象》2009,30(3):449-452,462

以河西走廊东部1998—2007年麦红吸浆虫和气象资料为基础,分析了麦红吸浆虫的发生关键期、动态和气象成因,运用SPSS统计软件建立了气象预测模型。结果表明：（1）影响河西走廊东部麦红吸浆虫发生的主要气象因子是温度和水分,特别是后冬（2月）温度越低麦红吸浆虫破茧、化蛹、成虫始见越迟;2—5月水分因子促进麦红吸浆虫的发生发展;10cm地温与麦红吸浆虫的活动相关性显著,10cm地温指标高于平原地区渡河两岸6～8℃。（2）麦红吸浆虫越冬基数受9月平均最低温度制约显著。（3）1月极端最低地温和6月中旬-7月上句平均气温是影响当年麦红吸浆虫发生面积的前期和后期的主要气象影响因子。  相似文献   

五台山南台山地草甸种群对旅游干扰的生态响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

程占红  牛莉芹 《水土保持研究》2008,(6)

以五台山南台为例,利用生态位的宽度指数,研究了草甸种群对旅游干扰的生态响应。结果表明:(1)紫羊茅、珠芽蓼和北方嵩草的生态位宽度较大,是群落的建群种。随着距离的增加,旅游干扰减小,不仅物种的数量越来越多,而且其生态优势也趋于增强,说明旅游干扰限制了种群对其周围资源的利用。其中,紫羊茅的相对优势在下降,而北方嵩草的相对优势却不断增强。(2)两种划分方法表明,北方嵩草、雪白委陵菜、零零香、歪头菜、小红菊和兰花棘豆是增长型的种类;扁蓄是衰退型的种类;地榆是波动型的种类。  相似文献   

DEM空间尺度对可照时数模拟结果的影响 ——以浙江省仙居县为例     

李军  王超  赵玉竹 《中国农业气象》2019,40(4):250

以浙江省仙居县为实验区,基于4种不同空间分辨率DEM提取相关地形因子,结合可照时数分布式模型,利用数字地形分析和空间数据叠置分析等方法,模拟1月和7月4种空间分辨率下的可照时数,并定量分析DEM尺度效应对模拟结果的影响。结果表明：（1）模拟结果的空间异质性随分辨率减小而减小,其平均值逐渐增加,且1月增幅大于7月,最大值随分辨率的变化不大,而最小值差异较大,标准差逐渐减小。（2）受海拔和地形遮蔽影响,平地和山脊处可照时数最多,海拔200-400m区间最少,400-1100m区域可照时数随海拔增加而增加。以10m分辨率结果为参照,30m、90m和900m分辨率下的差值随分辨率减小而增加,海拔<100m处差值最小,700-900m区域差值最大,1月日均多算0.7、1.4和2.9h,7月日均多算0.5、0.9和2.3h。（3）坡度0-55°范围内,可照时数随坡度增加而减少,30m、90m和900m分辨率与10m分辨率的差值随分辨率降低而增加,且最小差值均在<5°区域,最大差值在不同坡度等级,1月日均多算2.1、1.8和1.7h,而7月日均多算0.3、0.6和1.2h。（4）受太阳高度角和方位角影响,可照时数在南坡-北坡间的差异较大,东南-西南坡、东坡-西坡以及东北-西北坡之间差异较小,30m、90m和900m分辨率与10m分辨率的差值随分辨率降低而增加,在偏北坡,1月差值大于7月,最大差值在1月的北坡上,日均多算1.4、2.5和4.8h,在偏南坡上,1月差值小于7月,最大差值在7月的南坡或西南坡上,日均多算0.5、0.9和2.1h。  相似文献   

Relative importance of habitat area and isolation for bird occurrence patterns in a naturally patchy landscape     

Tammy L. Wilson  Elizabeth J. Johnson  John A. Bissonette 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(3):351-360

There is debate among ecologists about whether total habitat area or patch arrangement contributes most to population and/or community responses to fragmented or patchy landscapes. We tested the relative effects of patch area and isolation for predicting bird occurrence in a naturally patchy landscape in the Bear River Mountains of Northern Utah, USA. We selected focal patches (mountain meadows) ranging in elevation from 1,920 to 2,860 m and in size from 0.6 to 182 ha. Breeding birds were sampled in each focal meadow during the summers of 2003 and 2004 using variable-distance point transects. Logistic regression and likelihood-based model selection were used to determine the relationship between likelihood of occurrence of three bird species (Brewer’s sparrow, vesper sparrow, and white-crowned sparrow) and area, isolation, and proximity metrics. We used model weights and model-averaged confidence intervals to assess the importance of each predictor variable. Plots of area versus isolation were used to evaluate complex relationships between the variables. We found that meadow area was the most important variable for explaining occurrence for two species, and that isolation was the most important for the other. We also found that the absolute distance was more appropriate for evaluating isolation responses than was the species-specific proximity metric. Our findings add clarity to the debate between ecologists regarding the relative importance of area and isolation in species responses to patchy landscapes.  相似文献   

Livestock water productivity in mixed crop–livestock farming systems of the Blue Nile basin: Assessing variability and prospects for improvement     

Amare Haileslassie  Don Peden  Solomon Gebreselassie  Tilahun Amede  Katrien Descheemaeker 《Agricultural Systems》2009,102(1-3):33-40

Water scarcity is a major factor limiting food production. Improving Livestock Water Productivity (LWP) is one of the approaches to address those problems. LWP is defined as the ratio of livestock’s beneficial outputs and services to water depleted in their production. Increasing LWP can help achieve more production per unit of water depleted. In this study we assess the spatial variability of LWP in three farming systems (rice-based, millet-based and barley-based) of the Gumera watershed in the highlands of the Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. We collected data on land use, livestock management and climatic variables using focused group discussions, field observation and secondary data. We estimated the water depleted by evapotranspiration (ET) and beneficial animal products and services and then calculated LWP. Our results suggest that LWP is comparable with crop water productivity at watershed scales. Variability of LWP across farming systems of the Gumera watershed was apparent and this can be explained by farmers’ livelihood strategies and prevailing biophysical conditions. In view of the results there are opportunities to improve LWP: improved feed sourcing, enhancing livestock productivity and multiple livestock use strategies can help make animal production more water productive. Attempts to improve agricultural water productivity, at system scale, must recognize differences among systems and optimize resources use by system components.  相似文献   

Reproductive seasonality in a swamp-locked African cichlid     

E. E. Reardon  L. J. Chapman 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2008,17(1):20-29

Abstract –  This study quantified the seasonal pattern of reproduction in a swamp-dwelling population of the African cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae. In the hypoxic waters of the Lwamunda Swamp, Uganda, P. multicolor was reproductively active throughout the year, even during the peak of the dry seasons. However, the degree of activity was seasonal, with rainfall providing a predictor of the percentage of ripe, mature females. There was no correlation between aquatic oxygen availability dissolved oxygen (DO) and either adjusted mean gonad mass or percentage of mature females, suggesting that DO is not limiting reproductive activity in this system. Reproductively mature females were larger during drier periods and may maximise their lifetime reproductive success by producing young throughout the year; but with a lower brooding efficiency. A comparison with Welcomme's (1969) study of a river-swamp system feeding Lake Victoria suggests that reproductive patterning is variable among populations of P. multicolor and may reflect adaptive response to chronically hypoxic conditions in the Lwamunda Swamp.  相似文献   

长白山区沟谷沼泽湿地乌拉苔草不同构件元素含量特征     

徐惠风  葛冬梅  金研铭  刘兴土 《灌溉排水学报》2009,28(3)

研究了长白山区沟谷沼泽乌拉苔草不同构件元素含量及叶片不同季节积累变化及元素间的相互关系。结果表明,乌拉苔草属于抗金属污染植物,不同构件在元素积累和季节变化中有较大差异:Mn、N,P、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn主要集中在根部,K主要集中在叶鞘。不同季节积累中,N、K主要在营养成长期和生殖生长并存期5月份最多,P在成熟期的8月份最多,金属元素在衰老期的9月份最多,尤其是Fe元素富集量最多,完全可以作为铁污染区的抗性植物和净化植物,而非金属元素在衰老期的9月份最少。金属元素之间相生相互协调关系强,非金属元素之间关系相互协调,而金属元素除Mn和P、N是极显著相关外,P和Ca呈显著相关,与其他关系不显著。说明乌拉苔草各构件中的元素之间没有相互拮抗的关系。  相似文献   

戴云山自然保护区种子植物传粉模式研究     

邹霖湘  何中声 《中国农学通报》2017,33(4):38-42

以戴云山国家级自然保护区种子植物名录为研究对象,基于APWeb和文献资料统计种子植物科的传粉模式,研究了戴云山保护区种子植物的主要传粉模式及其传粉模式的祖先状态。结果表明:戴云山保护区种子植物中动物参与传粉有144科,占总科数87.27%;完全利用非生物模式传粉占总科数12.12%;单一传粉模式以动物传粉的科数最多(124科),其次为风媒传粉(14科),水媒传粉最少(4科)。混合传粉模式中,动物和风媒传粉的科数最多。动物传粉模式在戴云山保护区种子植物传粉中占据重要地位。戴云山保护区种子植物科中共有9个原始类群,单一动物传粉8科,动物和风媒混合传粉有1科,表明动物传粉在植物原始类群进化中占据主要地位,可能是现存戴云山被子植物传粉模式中的祖先状态。研究结果旨在为戴云山种子植物发育与演变提供理论依据。  相似文献