蒸发研究的概况与进展   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

刘德辉  梁珍海 《江苏林业科技》1998,25(4):54-57

简要回顾了世界上蒸发研究所取得的成就和进展，总结了蒸发计算的多种方法，包括传统方法、模拟方法及遥感方法。也回顾和讨论了我国科研单位、农业和水利部门、水文及气象台站自新中国建立以来在蒸发测定和蒸发计算领域的研究概况、进展与前景。  相似文献   

太行山低山区不同植被群落蒸发蒸腾研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨帆  张万军 《中国生态农业学报》2008,16(1):30-34

采用大型非称重式蒸渗仪对太行山低山区典型植被群落黄背草、荆条及其复合群落蒸发蒸腾进行了研究.结果表明,在整个生长季3种植被群落蒸散、植物蒸腾均呈以8月为峰值的单峰曲线,且黄背草5～6月蒸散量、蒸腾量最大,其他月份复合群落最大.整个生长季中土壤蒸发表现为5～6月份高,9～10月份低.黄背草、荆条和复合群落3种植被的生长季总蒸腾量分别是591.8 mm、611.9 mm、647.0 mm,总蒸发量分别是138.6 mm、130.8 mm、134.9 mm, 蒸散量分别是730.4 mm、742.0 mm、790.5 mm.3种植被群落之间比较结果表明,复合群落的总蒸散量和蒸腾量略大于黄背草和荆条群落,而黄背草和荆条群落差别不明显.  相似文献   

EVAPORATION AND WATER BALANCE IN ARID LAND——AN EXAMPIE IN TURPAN,XINJIANG,CHINA     

Mingyuan DU  Taichi MAKI 《干旱区资源与环境》1993,(Z1)

<正> This paper discussed some observation and calculation methods of evaporation and itscharacteristics in arid land taken an example in Turpan, Xinjiang, China by using the dataobtained from July 1, 1991 to June 30, 1992 in the observation station which was settled forthe Japan-China cooperation study in the marginal area of an oasis in Turpan, Xinjiang,China. It is pointed out that due to very low water content in arid land, real evaporation de-  相似文献   

影响一般气象站蒸发量的主要气象因子分析     

薛淑琴  赵晓英 《农业灾害研究》2019,(3):76-77,99

对影响锡林郭勒盟6个一般气象站20cm直径小型蒸发皿蒸发量相关气象因子进行分析。选取锡林郭勒盟6个一般气象站30年(1981—2010年)日平均气温、日平均风速、日照时数、日平均相对湿度,运用相关分析、逐步回归等数理统计方法,建立一般气象站蒸发量计算的多元线性回归模型方程。结果表明,日蒸发量与日均气温、日均风速和日照时数呈显著正相关,与日均相对湿度呈负相关。采用6个一般气象站2011—2012年逐日观测数据回代蒸发经验公式,得出日平均蒸发估算值是实际蒸发量的0.9倍,说明此经验公式配上适当的修正系数,适用于锡林郭勒盟一般气象站停止小型蒸发观测后蒸发量的理论估算值计算,为地方气象服务提供了依据。  相似文献   

1965～2009年濮阳市蒸发量变化特征和突变分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张明捷  冯杉  陈罗成 《江西农业学报》2011,23(7):171-173,177

采用线性趋势分析和信噪比等方法对1965~2009年濮阳市不同时间尺度的蒸发量变化趋势和突变点进行了分析。结果表明:年蒸发量以-13.89 mm/a的倾向率减少。春季、夏季、秋季和冬季蒸发量的倾向率分别是-4.039、-6.378、-2.355和-1.283 mm/a,以夏季蒸发量的减少趋势最明显。在12个月中,以6月份蒸发量的减少最快,以2月份减少最慢。年蒸发量在1983年发生了一次突变。  相似文献   

Partial rootzone irrigation increases water use efficiency, maintains yield and enhances economic profit of cotton in arid area     

Li-Song Tang  Jianhua Zhang 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(10):1527-1533

Partial rootzone irrigation (PRI) can substantially reduce irrigation amount and has been demonstrated as a promising irrigation method for crops in arid or semiarid areas. Many earlier researches have shown that PRI reduces leaf transpiration by narrowing stomatal opening. In this study we verified the hypothesis that PRI can also save irrigation water by substantially reducing soil evaporation. Field experiment was conducted in an arid area where cotton production almost completely relies on irrigation. Water was applied to furrows in the cotton field either alternatively (AFI, alternative furrow irrigation), or evenly to all the furrows (CFI, conventional furrow irrigation), or to one fixed furrow in every two (FFI, fixed furrow irrigation). Our results show that surface evaporation constitutes a large fraction of the irrigation water loss from cropped field (more than 20%), and with the two PRI treatments nearly 40% of the evaporative water loss is saved. Transpiration accounted for 48%, 58% and 57% of the total amount of irrigation respectively for the CFI, AFI and FFI treatments. This result suggests that PRI increases the proportion of applied water that is transpired, and therefore leads to a higher water use efficiency than regular irrigation. Overall, when irrigation was reduced by 30%, the average final yield loss of AFI was only 4.44%, a non-significant reduction statistically. The FFI had a significant reduction in yield of 12.01% in comparison to CFI. Moreover, PRI brings in earlier flowering and a higher economical return due to early harvested cotton. This indicates that the final economical output could compensate for the loss of cotton yield due to water-saving. With very little extra cost to implementation, PRI proves a very promising method in cotton production in arid zone.  相似文献   

气候变化对中国水资源的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宁金花  申双和 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(4):1580-1583,1616

综述了气候变化对我国水资源的影响。气候变化会引起水循环的改变,而水循环的改变将可能影响各种灾害天气时间的长短、频率、损失以及水资源的可利用率;气候变暖可能使北方江河径流量减少,南方径流量增大,导致旱涝灾害出现频率增加,并加剧水资源的不稳定性与供需矛盾。  相似文献   

Economic assessment of shade-cloth covers for agricultural irrigation reservoirs in a semi-arid climate     

V. Martínez Alvarez  J. Calatrava Leyva  J.F. Maestre Valero  B. Martín Górriz 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(9):1351-1359

We assess the economics of investing in suspended shade-cloth covers (SSCCs) in agricultural water reservoirs (AWRs) to reduce evaporation losses and save water for irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas. In particular, we examine the use of SSCCs in the Segura River Basin (southeastern Spain). The decision to install a cover depends on the potential evaporation losses, reservoir characteristics, cover effectiveness, the value of water, filtration requirements, water salinity, government subsidies and the installation, operation and maintenance costs. The economic viability of the investment increases with the value of the saved water, i.e., with water scarcity, and is greater when water quality is poor. Hence SSCCs can be helpful in arid and semi-arid regions facing water shortages and water quality problems. The farm-level decision to install a cover depends largely on the cost of purchasing water, when water is generally available, and the profit from increased crop production or enlarged farmlands, when water is scarce.  相似文献   

考虑水滴运动蒸发的喷灌水量分布模拟   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李永冲  严海军  徐成波  肖建伟  李文颖 《农业机械学报》2013,44(7):127-132

提出了有风条件下喷头水滴运动与喷灌水量分布模拟方法,并利用Visual Basic 6.0开发了喷灌水量分布模拟软件.该软件在已知单喷头的径向水量分布数据时,可以模拟出不同风速、风向、空气温湿度等环境条件下单喷头或多喷头组合的喷灌水量分布,计算出喷灌系统的组合喷灌强度、喷灌均匀系数和蒸发损失率.以9708A型喷头为例,分别对工作压力为0.20、0.25和0.30 MPa下单喷头径向水量分布以及喷灌系统组合间距为14 m x 14 m和14 m×12 m时的喷灌水量分布进行了模拟,并与实测值进行了对比,结果表明:模拟的单喷头径向水量分布与实测值总体一致,由模拟水量分布推算的喷头流量与实测值的相对误差为0.83％ ～8.01％;喷灌均匀系数模拟值与实测值的相对误差为0.69％～6.36％,蒸发损失率模拟值为0.51％ ～ 1.75％,小于实测的水量损失率.模拟了不同组合间距下的喷灌水量分布,得到的喷灌均匀系数模拟值与其他软件比较,相对误差在0.11％ ～2.44％之间.  相似文献   

地下水蒸发规律及其与土壤盐分的关系   总被引：27，自引：3，他引：27  

刘广明  杨劲松  李冬顺 《土壤学报》2002,39(3):384-389

用粉砂壤土土柱进行了为期一年的室内模拟试验 ,对不同地下水作用条件下地下水蒸发规律进行了深入研究 ,并且研究了土壤盐分与地下水蒸发量之间的关系。研究表明 ,各地下水作用条件下地下水蒸发量与试验时间呈显著线性相关。地下水矿化度越低 ,地下水累积蒸发量对地下水矿化度的变动越为敏感 ;地下水埋深越大 ,累积蒸发量对地下水埋深变动的敏感性越强。建立了地下水累积蒸发量与地下水埋深、地下水矿化度的关系。分析了土壤盐分与地下水蒸发量之间的关系并得到了其模型。  相似文献