Bacterial pollution induced community tolerance (PICT) to Cu and interactions with pH in long-term polluted vineyard soils     

David Fernández-Calviño  Manuel Arias-Estévez  Erland Bååth 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(11):2324-2331

Pollution induced community tolerance (PICT) has been suggested as an end-point measurement less affected by confounding environmental factors compared to standard methods of microbial growth, activity and community composition. We evaluated the use of PICT to determine Cu toxicity in vineyard soils polluted with Cu based fungicides (25-1120 mg Cu kg⁻¹). These soils also varied in pH (4.3-7.3), organic C (0.31-6.91%) and texture (14-56% silt). PICT was estimated as bacterial community tolerance to Cu measured by the [³H]leucine incorporation method. Bacterial tolerance to Cu increased 9 times in the most polluted compared to the unpolluted soils. Cu tolerance was also affected to a minor degree by pH, organic C and soil texture. Lower bacterial tolerance was found in soils with high pH and organic C, probably due to Cu becoming less bioavailable in soils with high pH and organic C content. The silt content appeared to increase bacterial tolerance, probably due to fine soil particles decreasing Cu bioavailability during the PICT detection phase. Despite the effects of other environmental factors, the main determinant of increased bacterial community tolerance to Cu was the pollution level. PICT measured with the leucine incorporation technique thus appears to be a sensitive and stable concept to evaluate toxic impacts, unless soils with very different pH, organic C or texture are studied.  相似文献   

Does cultivation influence the content and pattern of soil proteins?     

Banafshe Khalili  Nafiseh Nili  Farshid Nourbakhsh  Bahram Sharifnabi  Hossein Khademi 《Soil & Tillage Research》2011,111(2):162-167

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肥力提升措施对林地红壤生物结皮层微生物群落结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

王金平  黄荣珍  朱丽琴  黄国敏  邹显花  管鸿智  林丽靖  李鑫 《土壤学报》2023,60(1):292-303

微生物在土壤生物结皮形成中起重要作用,但是目前对于南方红壤生物结皮层中微生物群落的研究鲜少涉及,尤其是在林地改良措施下红壤结皮层中微生物群落结构的变化尚不清楚。本研究以中亚热带典型第四纪红黏土严重侵蚀湿地松裸露林地为对照,添加有机肥、生物炭和石灰+微生物肥料为肥力提升措施,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术研究不同肥力提升措施对红壤生物结皮层细菌和真菌群落结构的影响。结果表明：该林地土壤生物结皮层共检测出21个细菌门和7个真菌门,优势细菌门为酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）(27.39%)、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）(25.90%)、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）(16.68%)和绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）(12.26%);优势真菌门为担子菌门（61.19%）和子囊菌门（29.48%）;肥力提升措施对细菌和真菌多样性无显著影响,却显著改变了其群落结构,作用大小依次为有机肥处理、生物炭处理、石灰+微生物肥料处理,且对细菌群落结构的影响高于真菌;三种措施均明显提高了变形菌门（Proteobacteria）细菌的相对丰度,降低了绿弯菌门（Ch...  相似文献   

色季拉山不同深度土壤真菌多样性的海拔分布格局及其影响机制     

孙媛媛  徐梦  李月芬  张旭博 《土壤学报》2023,60(4):1169-1182

明确土壤真菌生物多样性的形成与维持机制是理解真菌生物地理分布格局的关键,但是目前对深层土壤真菌多样性的海拔分布格局及其影响机制知之甚少。本研究在西藏色季拉山3 300～4 600 m海拔梯度下采集表层（0～20 cm）及底层（40～60 cm）土壤样品,基于ITS rDNA高通量测序分析,揭示不同深度土壤中真菌多样性的海拔分布特征及其影响因子,并基于生态位属性计算探讨真菌群落的共存特征。研究表明,在表层土壤中,真菌丰富度及香农多样性均随海拔升高而显著降低。在底层土壤中,真菌丰富度随海拔升高而显著降低,而香农多样性则表现出先升高后降低的单峰模式。真菌群落组成的差异性（β多样性）在土壤表层及底层均随海拔梯度的增加而显著增加, pH和土壤湿度分别是表层和底层土壤真菌群落组成沿海拔梯度变化的关键驱动因子。对真菌群落生态位宽度（Bcom）和生态位重叠值（Oik）的计算结果表明,土壤真菌的环境适应性和代谢灵活性随海拔升高而降低,并且低海拔以及表层土壤中各真菌种群在资源利用或生境适应性上具有更高的相似度。以上研究结果揭示了环境过滤及种群共存特征对土壤真菌多样性海拔分布格局的关键影响,有助于深入了解青藏高原高寒生态系统中土壤真菌群落多样性形成和维持机制。  相似文献   

N,P Contribution and soil adaptability of four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi     

Liu Wenke 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):285-288

Abstract

A glasshouse study was conducted to investigate the symbiotic efficiency and soil adaptability of four AMF using glass-bead cultivation systems. The results showed that efficiency and adaptability of four fungi varied among three soils. Particularly, efficiency of BEG167 shifted from positive in Beijing soil to negative in Guangdong soil. Furthermore, BEG167 had high adaptability in all three soils. Intraspecific differences of BRG168 and BEG221 were found in efficiency and adaptability in three soils. Taking efficiency and adaptabilty into consideration, it was concluded that BEG167, BEG168 and BEG221 in Beijing soil, BEG151 in Hubei soil, and BEG151 and BEG168 in Guangdong soil were effective AMF for maize.  相似文献   

Trichoderma harzianum T-E5 significantly affects cucumber root exudates and fungal community in the cucumber rhizosphere     

《Applied soil ecology》2013

The Fusarium wilt in cucumbers, caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, is a serious and destructive disease worldwide. An effort was made to explore the role of Trichoderma harzianum T-E5 in reducing the incidence of Fusarium wilt. Three treatments (Control, T1, and T2) were established in the greenhouse experiment. The effects of T-E5 on the composition of root exudates and fungal community in the cucumber rhizosphere were measured. Compared with the control, the application of a bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) enriched with T-E5 was found to decrease the incidence of Fusarium wilt notably and promote the growth of cucumber plants. Based on real-time PCR, the population of F. oxysporum in the control without T-E5 increased from 10³ to 10⁴ ITS copies g⁻¹ soil, whereas the population decreased from 10³ to 10² ITS copies g⁻¹ soil in the T1 and T2 treatment groups when T-E5 was included. Significant difference in fungal community was also found among the treatment groups. HPLC analysis showed that the detected levels of phenolic compounds in control were significantly higher than the levels in the samples subjected to T1 and T2 treatments. The root exudates from the control group significantly increased the numbers of germinating spores of the pathogen compared with those from the samples treated with T1 and T2. In conclusion, the modification of root exudates and the fungal community by the application of BIO might account for the effective suppression of Fusarium wilt disease in cucumbers.  相似文献   

培养基质对丛枝菌根(AM)真菌生长发育的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈宁  王幼珊  蒋家珍  杨延杰  林多  仇宏伟  张美庆 《农业工程学报》2007,23(9):205-207

温室条件下,以盆栽培养方法研究不同培养基质对丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhizae,AM)真菌Glomus mosseae生长发育的影响。结果表明：不同理化性质的基质对菌根共生体生长发育的影响不同,综合考虑菌根长度、根外菌丝量及孢子数3项指标,以沙土混合物(体积比3∶1)对G. mosseae菌剂的生长发育最为有利。宿主植物菌根长度及根中的可溶性糖浓度与根外孢子数有正相关关系,而宿主植物中磷浓度与菌根真菌的生长发育也有类似的关系。说明培养基质的养分状况、水分状况、通气状况等诸多因素都会影响菌根共生体的建立和发展。宿主植物的菌根长度、根中可溶性糖浓度以及宿主植物磷浓度对菌根真菌的生长发育有显著影响。因此,工厂化AM菌剂生产中,应以沙土混合物(体积比3∶1)为生产G. mosseae菌剂的培养基质。  相似文献   

玉米小斑病抗性种质鉴定及生理生化分析     

高刚强  刘海芳  陈银银  燕树锋  刘天学  温涛  高意帆  赵霞  穆心愿  杨豫龙 《玉米科学》2024,32(3):114-120

以200份玉米优良自交系为材料,2022-2023年夏分别进行小斑病菌的田间接种,综合两年数据共鉴定出高抗小斑病的玉米自交系3份,分别为K22、CML50和齐319;筛选到包括Mo17在内的抗性玉米自交系24份。选取K22和B73两个具有不同抗性水平的玉米自交系进行小斑病菌的室内接种。结果表明,48 h和72 h时,自交系K22叶片的病斑数、病斑面积和病斑面积比等各项指标均显著优于自交系B73,进一步验证田间鉴定的准确性。48 h或72 h时,高抗小斑病自交系K22与感病对照B73相比,5种防御酶活性增加14.32%～70.45%。  相似文献   

接种茄病镰刀菌(Fusarium solani f.sp.glycines)对不同基因型大豆植株和须根的影响     

Shuxian Li Anatoliy Lygin Olga Zernova Vera Lozovaya Glen L．Hartman Jack M．Widholm 《大豆科学》2008,27(2):275-282

摘要：茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani f．sp．glydne）是一种土生细菌,通过侵染大豆根系引发猝死综合症。利用温室盆栽试验和须根培养试验研究了接种茄孢镰刀菌对13个不同基因型大豆的影响。结果表明：接种后所有盆栽大豆主根都有明显深褐色的侵染病斑;移植后21d测定了盆栽植株叶部发病程度,Peking表现最为严重,然后依次为Spencer,Ripley,P3981,Williams82,Essex,Forrest,Iroquois,PI520733,Hartwig,PI567650B,Jack,和PI567374。叶部发病程度与冠高（r=-0．422,P=0．0018）、冠重（r=-0．857,P〈0．0001）和根重（r=-0．732,P〈0．0001）呈显著负相关。主根病斑长度与叶部发病程度没有相关性,表明大豆对病原菌的抗性不能仅通过根系得到充分控制。对培养的大豆须根接种茄病镰刀菌菌丝体10d后,不同基因型大豆的菌落直径的变化范围为17—40mm,差异显著（P=0．05）,其中Spencer和Peking须根上的菌落直径显著（P=0．05）大于PI567374和PI520733。对Spencer和PI567374的须根接种10灿茄病镰刀菌常量成分悬浮液,10d后菌落直径分别为50和38mm,差异显著（P=0．05）。通常,不同基因型大豆间茄病镰刀菌在培养须根上的生长与整株的症状间有一定的相关性,但不总是这样,这是因为即使根系对毒素产生抗性来减少叶部病害症状,但并不是所有的大豆都表现出明显的根系抗性。  相似文献   

Antigen Concentrations as an Indicator of Clinical Remission and Disease Relapse in Cats with Histoplasmosis          下载免费PDF全文

A.S. Hanzlicek  J.H. Meinkoth  J.S. Renschler  C. Goad  L.J. Wheat 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(4):1065-1073

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