我国棉花枯萎病基础研究概况   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

冯洁  陈其 《棉花学报》1994,(2)

本文主要介绍了７０年代以来，我国在棉花枯萎病基础研究方面取得的成绩，并探讨了今后的发展趋向和存在的问题。  相似文献   

棉花抗黄萎病基因的QTL定位   总被引：33，自引：14，他引：33  

高玉千  聂以春  张献龙 《棉花学报》2003,15(2):73-78

以高感黄萎病的陆地棉品种"邯郸208"与高抗黄萎病海岛棉品种"Pima90"的136个F2单株为作图群体,构建了一个包括17个连锁群、标记间平均间距18.61cM、全长1842.8cM的陆海种间分子标记遗传连锁图,该图约覆盖棉花基因组的36.8%。单因子方差分析和复合区间作图检测到与黄萎病抗性相关的3个QTL,分别位于第四连锁群和第七连锁群上,分别解释表型变异方差的15.39%、54.11%和57.18%。初步认为海岛棉"Pima90"对陆地棉"邯郸208"的黄萎病抗性由两个主效QTL和一个微效QTL共同控制。  相似文献   

Effect of co-cultivation and crop rotation on corm rot disease of Gladiolus     

Tariq Riaz  Salik Nawaz KhanArshad Javaid 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Field and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of co-cultivation and crop rotation on the growth and corm rot disease of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus sect. Blandus) cv. Aarti caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli (Massey) Snyd. and Hans. In the field experiment, gladiolus was co-cultivated with 10 agricultural/horticultural crops viz. Allium cepa L., Brassica campestris L., Capsicum annuum L., Eruca sativa Mill., Helianthus annuus L., Tagetes erectus L., Zea mays L., Vinca rosea L. and Rosa indica L., in a soil infested with F. oxysporum. All the crops except V. rosea and R. indica reduced disease incidence. The effect of H. annuus and T. erectus was significant and more pronounced than other co-cultivated crops. In general, root and shoot dry biomass, corm fresh weight, number of cormlets and number of flowers per spike decreased as compared to the un-inoculated monoculture gladiolus treatment (negative control) but these parameters enhanced as compared to the F. oxysporum inoculated monoculture gladiolus treatment (positive control). In a pot experiment, all the crops of the field experiment except V. rosea and R. indica were sown in rotation with gladiolus. Pot grown plants of different species were harvested at maturity and the soil was inoculated with F. oxysporum. Gladiolus was cultivated 1 week after inoculation. Disease incidence was significantly suppressed in all the treatments ranging from 29% to 53%. The highest suppression of disease incidence was recorded in T. erectus (53%) followed by B. campestris (49%). The effect of preceding crops on various vegetative parameters was similar in the pot experiment to that of the field experiment. The present study suggests that corm rot disease of gladiolus can be managed by mixed cropping of H. annuus and T. erectus or cultivation of T. erectus and B. campestris in rotation.  相似文献   

Response of gladiolus (Gladiolus spp) plants after exposure corms to chitosan and hot water treatments     

Margarita Ramos-García  Salvador Ortega-Centeno  Ana N. Hernández-Lauzardo  Irán Alia-Tejacal  Elsa Bosquez-Molina  Silvia Bautista-Baños 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The state of Morelos, Mexico has gradually become an important producer of gladiolus. Some preconditioning treatments of corms are empirically done causing uneven emergence and low quality of flowers. In this investigation, before planting, gladiolus corms var. ‘Blanca Borrego’ were dipped in chitosan (chitosan reagent and commercial chitosan Biorend^®), in hot water at various temperatures and in treatments combined with Biorend^® at 1.5% and hot water. Results indicated that the most influenced variables were corm germination, number of flowers per spike, number of cormlets and vase life. Overall, the commercial product Biorend^® at 1.5% accelerated corm emergence in approximately 4 days, the number of flowers increased by 2–7 and the vase life extended for 3 days. The number of cormlets was also duplicated. Corms dipped in the commercial chitosan Biorend^® at 1.5% at different intervals of time were not greatly affected except for the emergence and number of cormlets. However, for this experiment there were significant effects on the number of leaves and flowers because of the interactions between chitosan and the immersion time. The temperature of 55 °C affected plant development because emergence was delayed by 6 days; and there were less number of leaves, flowers and cormlets. On the other hand, the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum in naturally infected corms was 0% at temperatures of 55 °C and 50 °C. Immersion times (0, 10, 15 and 20 min) in hot water at 50 °C did not show significant effects on plant development and vase life. Corms dipped in Biorend^® at 1.5% and hot water at 50 °C accelerated their emergence for about 1–7 days, the number of flowers increased by two, extended the storage life for 1–3 days and increased the number of cormlets. The integration of these two treatments -Biorend^® and hot water- might be a good option for increasing the gladiolus plant quality and vase life.  相似文献   

甜瓜枯萎病接种方法比较试验初报   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

王登明  张学军  冯炯鑫  王叶筠  伊鸿平 《中国瓜菜》2009,22(5):38-39

分别采用灌根法、米饭粒接种法、蘸根法及胚根接种法对甜瓜枯萎病进行接种试验,拟为甜瓜抗病育种提供依据。结果表明:米饭粒接种法发病率最高,达到99%;胚根接种法最低,为10%;灌根法发病率为66.7%;蘸根法发病率为91%,且操作简单、精确,最适合进行甜瓜枯萎病抗病鉴定研究。  相似文献   

木霉菌对甜瓜枯萎病的防治     

黄艳青  刘学军  徐韶  庄敬华 《农业机械化与电气化》2009,(1):31-32

研究木霉菌T23、Ta22菌株对甜瓜枯萎病菌的拮抗作用和T23、Ta22二者复合处理对甜瓜枯萎病的室内及田间防治效果,结果表明：T23与Ta22对枯萎病菌拮抗系数都很高,二者复合处理对甜瓜枯萎病的田间相对防效可达79．00％。  相似文献   

玉米镰孢穗腐病发生条件及化学防治效果研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

肖淑芹  李国福  路媛媛  马昌广  薛春生  陈捷 《玉米科学》2017,25(3):144-147

通过人工接种筛选抗病品种资源,研究播期、种植密度对病害发生的影响,明确玉米镰孢菌穗腐病发生与品种资源、播期、种植密度的关系,分析棘孢木霉菌颗粒剂(TCF)和XDS种衣剂(40%毒死蜱乳油、20%辛硫磷和10%井岗霉素混剂)对玉米穗腐病的防效。结果表明,32个自交系中有6个抗病自交系,延迟播种玉米镰孢菌穗腐病发生严重,播种密度对病害发生程度无显著影响。人工接种条件下,TCF颗粒剂穴施、XDS种衣剂拌种2个处理表现为百粒重增加、秃尖长度降低,TCF颗粒剂穴施处理的防效最高,为48.69%。  相似文献   

香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种cat1基因敲除与表型分析     

王小琳  李春强  杨景豪  李文彬  孙建波  彭明 《热带作物学报》2017,(2):335-342

前期蛋白质组学研究发现尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种(Foc4)中的过氧化氢酶1(cat1)基因受到巴西蕉诱导上调表达,为研究cat1基因在Foc4侵染香蕉过程中的作用,利用同源重组方法敲除Foc4的cat1基因,并对获得的敲除突变体开展表型分析和致病性测定。结果表明:cat1基因缺失对Foc4的菌丝、孢子形态、菌落生长、抗渗透压胁迫和细胞壁选择性压力等没有影响;但引起菌株抵抗外源氧胁迫、细胞壁穿透能力、纤维素利用能力减弱和对巴西蕉的致病性减弱。显示cat1基因的产物通过清除香蕉分泌的活性氧在Foc4对香蕉的致病过程中起作用,并参与病原菌对寄主纤维素成分的代谢。此结果为进一步深入研究香蕉枯萎病菌的致病机理奠定基础。  相似文献   

茉莉酸甲酯诱导辣椒抗青枯病与活性氧代谢的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

向妙莲  赵显阳  陈明  付永琦  曾晓春 《园艺学报》2017,44(10):1985-1992

为探究茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl Jasmonate,Me JA)诱导辣椒抗青枯病效应与活性氧代谢相关酶的关系,以辣椒易感青枯病品种‘粤红1号’和抗青枯病品种‘辛香8号’幼苗为试验材料,在0.1mmol·L-1 Me JA喷雾处理后12、24、48、72和96 h接种青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum),对其进行青枯病病情指数与活性氧代谢相关酶——超氧化酶歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(Ascorbate Peroxidase,APX)活性以及丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量测定及相互关系的分析。结果表明:‘粤红1号’和‘辛香8号’的病情指数随喷Me JA处理时间的推移表现为先降后升,但都低于对照;而诱导效果则相反,Me JA处理对两个辣椒品种幼苗抗性的最适诱导时间均为接种前48 h。接种后0~96 h,Me JA喷雾处理的辣椒幼苗叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX酶活性均显示先升后降的趋势,且明显高于对照,接种后24~48 h达到最高,而MDA含量则明显低于对照。因此,Me JA可诱导辣椒幼苗抗青枯病,其实现途径可能与提高活性氧代谢相关酶活性和缓解膜脂过氧化有关。  相似文献   

Influence of temperature,humidity duration and growth stage on the infection and mycotoxin production by Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium poae in oats     

T. Schöneberg  K. Kibler  F. E. Wettstein  T. D. Bucheli  H. R. Forrer  T. Musa  F. Mascher  M. Bertossa  B. Keller  S. Vogelgsang 《Plant pathology》2019,68(1):173-184

High occurrence of Fusarium poae (FP) and Fusarium langsethiae (FL) and their mycotoxins nivalenol (NIV) and T-2/HT-2 have been observed in Swiss oats. Early prediction of mycotoxin levels is important for farmers and the cereal industry to minimize the risk of contaminated food and feed. Therefore, climate chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of different temperatures (10, 15, 20 °C) and durations (4, 8, 12 h) at 99% relative humidity (RH) on the infection of oats with FP and FL. In addition, to discover the most susceptible period of oats, artificial FL inoculations were conducted at different growth stages. Field experiments were performed to observe the dispersal of these fungal species within the field and to investigate the weather conditions that influence the dispersal. The climate chamber experiments revealed higher contamination with NIV and T-2/HT-2 in the 10 °C treatments and with a prolonged humidity duration of 12 h 99% RH. Inoculations of oat plants at early (DC 61) and mid (DC 65) anthesis, led to higher FL infection and T-2/HT-2 accumulation in the grains compared with treatments at earlier growth stages, which might be due to an increased susceptibility during anthesis. No indication for spore dispersal was observed in the field experiments. The results obtained, together with the cropping factors that influence infection and mycotoxin production, could be used as a first step in developing forecasting models to predict the contamination of oats with the mycotoxins NIV and T-2/HT-2.  相似文献