¹⁵N标记绿肥喂猪后还田的转化和效益的研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

何电源  廖先苓  周卫军 《土壤学报》1994,31(3):277-286

本文用１５Ｎ标记绿肥与无Ｎ淀粉配制成饲料喂猪，猪体平均回收饲料１５Ｎ２３．５１％；猪粪回收１５Ｎ２３．８５％，猪尿回收１５Ｎ２８．７６％；饲料绿肥Ｎ的总回收率为７６．１２％。猪粪，尿还田，水稻全株对Ｎ的回收分别相当于饲料绿肥Ｎ的３．７５％和７．．２５％。其中转化至稻谷的分别为２．５１％和４．８２％。以经济产品计算，猪体和稻谷共回收饲料绿肥１５Ｎ３０．８４％，比１５Ｎ绿肥与尿素配施还田稻回收的绿肥Ｎ  相似文献   

绿肥中养分释放规律及对烟叶品质的影响   总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29       下载免费PDF全文

王岩  刘国顺 《土壤学报》2006,43(2):273-279

在田间条件下利用埋设玻璃滤纸包法研究了绿肥翻压后的分解规律及其翻压绿肥对烟叶品质的影响。结果表明，经过13周的分解，苜蓿中有机C的矿化率高达81％，N素矿化率为54％；黑麦草有机C的矿化率为63％，N素矿化率为22％。这些矿化N中约92％的N（苜蓿）和74％的N（黑麦草）是在翻压后的前6周释放的。在烟株的整个生长期内，由苜蓿释放的N素约为N43奴hm^-2，为了防止后期N素供应过多而导致上部烟叶烟碱含量过高，苜蓿宜提前翻压并从总N肥施用量中扣除由苜蓿矿化出的N。黑麦草因N素含量低和N素矿化量少，整个生长季中约释放了N10．5kghm^-2的N素，所以在黑麦草生长量不大的情况下，可将黑麦草全部翻压并忽略其释放的N素。 在没有减少化肥施用量的情况下，翻压苜蓿提高了上部烟叶中烟碱含量，降低了总糖和还原糖含量。而翻压黑麦草对烟叶中烟碱含量有所降低，总糖和还原糖含量适中，因而烟叶的品质得到了改善。  相似文献   

Effects of past and current crop management on soil microbial biomass and activity     

Christine Stark  Leo M. Condron  Alison Stewart  Hong J. Di  Maureen O’Callaghan 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,43(5):531-540

Because soil biota is influenced by a number of factors, including land use and management techniques, changing management practices could have significant effects on the soil microbial properties and processes. An experiment was conducted to investigate differences in soil microbiological properties caused by long- and short-term management practices. Intact monolith lysimeters (0.2 m² surface area) were taken from two sites of the same soil type that had been under long-term organic or conventional crop management and were then subjected to the same 2.5-year crop rotation [winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), maize (Zea mais L.), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera)] and two fertilizer regimes (following common organic and conventional practices). Soil samples were taken after crop harvest and analyzed for microbial biomass C and N, microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis, arginine deaminase activity, and dehydrogenase activity), and total C and N. The incorporation of the green manure stimulated growth and activity of the microbial communities in soils of both management histories. Soil microbial properties did not show any differences between organically and conventionally fertilized soils, indicating that crop rotation and plant type had a larger influence on the microbial biomass and enzyme activities than fertilization. Initial differences in microbial biomass declined, while the effects of farm management history were still evident in enzyme activities and total C and N. Links between enzyme activities and microbial biomass C varied depending on treatment, indicating differences in microbial community composition.  相似文献   

无公害、绿色及有机畜牧业生产构架与生态营养调控研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

汤少勋  谭支良  单计光 《中国生态农业学报》2005,13(4):221-225

阐述了无公害、绿色及有机畜牧业三者间的异同,无公害、绿色及有机畜牧业生产构架与生态营养调控的途径,并探讨了三者在我国的发展趋势及不同地域的策略选择,指出现阶段应以无公害畜牧业生产为主,以绿色和有机畜牧业生产为辅;随其技术的成熟应逐步扩大绿色及有机畜牧业所占比重;西部无污染地区和东南沿海地区应以绿色及有机畜牧业发展为主,而广大农区应以无公害畜牧业生产为主。  相似文献   

微生物肥料效应及其应用展望   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24  

葛均青  于贤昌  王竹红 《中国生态农业学报》2003,11(3):87-88

简述了微生物肥料种类、特点及其生理生态效应,指出应加强微生物肥料基础与应用研究,并展望微生物肥料发展前景。  相似文献   

建设绿色食品原料基地 助推宁都脐橙产业发展     

赖新生  李惠英 《江西林业科技》2011,(Z1):31-33

宁都地处江西南部,气候温和,雨量充沛,是赣南脐橙的主产区,2008年经农业部绿色食品办公室、中国绿色食品发展中心批准为全国绿色食品原料(脐橙)标准化生产基地,通过3 a的创建与建设,全县脐橙基地按照绿色食品原料(脐橙)标准化进行生产,产量和效益大幅度增长,推动了宁都脐橙产业的发展,实现了农民增收、农业增效和农村经济发展。  相似文献   

基于城市生态安全的防护林体系建设探讨——以广州“绿色亚运”增绿行动计划防护林建设为例     

甘新军  马红岩  侯碧清  李浩  雷云飞 《广东林业科技》2011,27(3):76-79

城市防护林建设是城市安全重要内容,建设好城市防护林对城市可持续发展有着重要意义.广州“绿色亚运”增绿行动防护林建设是系统论、景观生态学理论的融合,是践行建设生态高效、景观优美、城乡一体、以人为本的宜居城市防护林体系.文章在对广州防护林现状分析的基础上,从沿海防护林、工业园防护林、农田林网三大建设工程方面对广州“绿色亚运...  相似文献   

Green manure production of Azolla microphylla and Sesbania rostrata and their long-term effects on rice yields and soil fertility     

W. Ventura  I. Watanabe 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1993,15(4):241-248

Summary Azolla spp. and Sesbania spp. can be used as green manure crops for wetland rice. A long-term experiment was started in 1985 to determine the effects of organic and urea fertilizers on wetland rice yields and soil fertility. Results of 10 rice croppings are reported. Azolla sp. was grown for 1 month and then incorporated before transplanting the rice and 3–4 weeks after transplanting the rice. Sesbania rostrata was grown for 7–9 weeks and incorporated only before transplanting the rice. Sesbania sp. grew more poorly before dry season rice than before wet season rice. Aeschynomene afraspera, which was used in one dry season rice trial, produced a larger biomass than the Sesbania sp. The quantity of N produced by the Azolla sp. ranged from 70 to 110 kg N ha^-1. The Sesbania sp. produced 55–90 kg N ha^-1 in 46–62 days. Rice grain yield increases in response to the green manure were 1.8–3.9 t ha^-1, similar to or higher than that obtained in response to the application of 60 kg N ha^-1 as urea. Grain production per unit weight of absorbed N was lower in the green manure treatments than in the urea treatment. Without N fertilizer, N uptake by rice decreased as the number of rice crops increased. For similar N recoveries, Sesbania sp. required a lower N concentration than the Azolla sp. did. Continuous application of the green manure increased the organic N content in soil on a dry weight basis, but not on a area basis, because the application of green manure decreased soil bulk density. Residual effects in the grain yield and N uptake of rice after nine rice crops were found with a continuous application of green manure but not urea.  相似文献   

Recovery of cover-crop-N in the soil-plant system in the Guinea savannah zone of Ghana     

Mathias?FosuEmail author  Ronald?F.?Kühne  Paul?L.?G.?Vlek 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2003,39(2):117-122

In order to understand the efficiency of residue-N use and to estimate the minimum input required to obtain a reasonable level of crop response, it is important to quantify the fate of the applied organic-N. The recovery of N from ¹⁵N-labelled Crotalaria juncea was followed in the soil and the succeeding maize crop. Apparent N recovery (ANR) by maize from unlabelled Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria retusa, Calopogonium mucunoides, Mucuna pruriens and mineral fertilizer at three locations were also evaluated. The maize crop recovered 4.7% and 7.3% of the ¹⁵N-labelled C. juncea-N at 42 days after sowing (DAS) and at final harvest, respectively. The corresponding ¹⁵N recovery from the soil was 92.4% and 58.5%. The highest mean ANR of 57.4% was with mineral fertilizer, whereas the mean ANR of 14.3% from C. retusa was the lowest. A large pool substitution and added-N interaction effect was observed when comparing N recovery from the labelled and unlabelled C. juncea. The amount of residue-N accounted for by the isotope dilution method at 42 DAS was 97.1% and at final harvest 65.8%. The large residue-N recovery in the soil organic-N pool explains the residual effect usually observed with organic residue application.  相似文献   

Influence of green manuring with Sesbania rostrata and Aeschynomene afraspera or urea on dynamics and uptake of nutrients by wetland rice     

B. DekaMedhi  S. K. DeDatta 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,24(2):221-226

Nutrient concentrations in the soil and crop uptake from incorporated green manure and urea in flooded rice was studied in field experiments. Release of plant-available nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) from green manure was slightly delayed compared with that from prilled urea (PU) because Sesbania rostrata L. and Aeschynomene afraspera L. released the N gradually after their decomposition, whereas N became available immediately after PU application. Exchangeable NH₄ ⁺-N concentration in soil peaked at 163 mg kg^–1 in the transplanted rice (TPR) and 198 mg kg^—1 in broadcast-seeded rice (BSR) at 0 and 1 week after PU application. Broadcast-seeded rice depleted NH₄ ⁺-N faster than did TPR because of the crop‘s vigorous growth in the former during the early stage. Soil solution NH₄ ⁺-N followed a similar trend to that of soil NH₄ ⁺-N. Incorporation of S. rostrata and A. afraspera increased the concentration of P, K⁺, Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ in soil solution more than did the application of PU. However, zinc concentration decreased in all treatments. Both PU and green manure increased the N status of the rice plants and enhanced the uptake of P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn by the rice crop. This suggests that application of green manures improves the uptake of these nutrients by the crop. The highest apparent N recovery was obtained with PU followed by green manure. Received: 11 November 1996  相似文献