黄土丘陵区地表甲虫空间异质性对环境变化的响应          下载免费PDF全文

马永强  马超  欧阳芳 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,49(2):68-75

【目的】了解环境因子对黄土丘陵区地表甲虫群落多样性和空间分布的影响。【方法】以宁夏彭阳县高建堡流域为研究区，以GF-2高分辨率遥感影像和数字高程模型（DEM）为数据源，利用3S技术获取研究区土地利用、坡度、海拔等环境因子。采用陷阱法在6个植物群落分明的样地诱捕地表甲虫，并对地表甲虫统计数据进行初步处理和分类。结合广义可加模型(GAM)探究研究区地表甲虫空间异质性与环境因子变化的关系。【结果】（1）GAM自变量（海拔、坡度、坡向和土壤水分）对因变量（地表甲虫种群数量）的决定系数为60.20%，说明研究区地表步甲科甲虫对所选用的环境因子有很大的趋向性。（2）GAM中各环境因子对步甲科甲虫数量和空间分布的影响存在明显差异，其中海拔的影响为23.10%，坡度为9.54%，坡向为8.03%，环境因子中土壤水分为46.80%。（3）土壤水分是影响黄土丘陵沟壑区步甲科昆虫最重要的因素，其受到海拔、坡度、坡向等地形因子影响，对甲虫生存环境起到关键性作用，步甲科昆虫在土壤水分25%～45%的区域分布密度最大。【结论】研究区地表甲虫主要分布于灌草混交林地、乔灌混交林地和生态薪炭林地，其中灌草混交林地是地表甲虫生存、栖息的最佳生境。步甲科昆虫是该流域内的广布种和优势种。  相似文献   

Effectiveness of measures aiming to stabilize urban gullies in tropical cities: Results from field surveys across D.R. Congo     

《国际水土保持研究(英文)》2023,11(1):14-29

Urban gullies are a rapidly growing concern in many tropical cities of the Global South. Various measures are already implemented for their stabilization. However, an overview of these measures and their overall effectiveness is currently lacking. We aim at addressing this gap by documenting existing initiatives to stabilize urban gullies in D.R. Congo and assessing their overall effectiveness. To this end we conducted extensive field campaigns in Kinshasa, Kikwit and Bukavu and combined our terrain observations with data on gully expansion rates (derived from series of satellite imagery). In total, we characterized present and past stabilization initiatives for 398 urban gullies. For 69 of these gullies, the effect of a specific measure on gully expansion rates could be estimated. Results show that for the large majority of gullies, various measures have been implemented. Yet, these are mainly ad-hoc measures installed by the affected population. More structural measures based on larger engineering works were observed for only 20–30% of gullies. The huge efforts invested in the installation of measures strongly contrast with their overall low impact. Among all strategies, only the deviation of runoff resulted in significantly lower expansion rates after installation. The numerous initiatives that rely on the sparse means available seem to have limited effects. This does not imply, however, that they are completely ineffective and should be abandoned. Based on our findings, we formulate recommendations for further research on how to effectively prevent and stabilize urban gullies, taking into account the difficult environmental and socio-economic context.  相似文献   

基于GIS的沟壑区苹果花期冻害评估技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

白燕荣  孙智辉  刘志超  曹雪梅 《农业工程》2023,13(8)

利用2022年5月1日志丹县38个最低温度观测数据,结合志丹县DEM、苹果种植数据,开展志丹县最低温度插值方法和温度对果树影响的分析研究,结论表明：志丹县分别有3.5%、2.1%、11.7%的苹果种植在陡坡、低洼处、面向北的不适宜栽植区域,应进行种植调整；5月1日最低温度表现为河谷最低,随着海拔升高温度也在升高的特征。随机森林加一元线性回归进行温度插值可将拟合误差降到1℃左右,空间插值精度达到30m,对河谷和山顶果园温度模拟结果较好,半山坡的温度模拟略差；温度空间分布与苹果种植数据相结合,发现2022年约有3.2%的苹果园受到低温的重度影响,能精准指出苹果受温度影响的地块位置、面积大小、影响程度,对冻害预警、影响评估、灾后补救有科学指导意义。  相似文献