除草剂中光合作用抑制剂的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李理  叶非 《农药科学与管理》2010,31(12):25-28

文章阐述了除草剂中的几类光合作用抑制剂,其抑制途径与作用机理,以及除草剂中光合作用抑制剂的研究进展。  相似文献   

Persistence of an oilseed rape transgene in the environment     

Hugh J. Beckie  Suzanne I. Warwick 《Crop Protection》2010

Transgenic bromoxynil (BX)-resistant spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was grown commercially in Canada only for two crop seasons – 2000 and 2001. We investigated the persistence of suspected BX-resistant oilseed rape volunteers in a 64-ha wheat field in Saskatchewan, Canada in 2007, 7 years after the BX-resistant cultivar BX Armor was grown. A small oilseed rape volunteer population, estimated at less than 100 plants, was observed in three main areas or patches in the field. These patches were located in low-lying areas that were too wet to plant or spray with herbicides in 2007. Viable seed was collected from 35 mature volunteers and F₁ progeny screened with BX at 280 g ai/ha in the greenhouse. Progeny of all of the volunteers were visually rated as BX-resistant; the presence of the Oxy 235 transgene in leaf tissue of progeny of all volunteers was confirmed by PCR analysis. This study has documented the longest persistence of oilseed rape volunteers in Canada. Volunteers were not observed in 2008 or 2009, because of drought conditions in spring of both years. Results support the findings from previous studies that persistence of volunteer oilseed rape populations in western Canada is generally ephemeral or transitory in the absence of seed bank immigration. However, this study shows that oilseed rape transgenes can persist in the environment for a number of years even after all cultivars with the conferred trait are removed from the market.  相似文献   

Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to post-emergence applications of topramezone     

Thomas K. Gitsopoulos  Vasilios Melidis  Georgios Evgenidis 《Crop Protection》2010

Topramezone is a new herbicide for post-emergence control of broadleaf and grass weeds in maize. Two field experiments were conducted in northern Greece in 2008 and 2009 to determine the response of grain maize to topramezone applied with the adjuvant DASH at 2–4, 4–6 and 6–8 maize leaf stage. In both years, plant height, cob number and yield were not differently affected with the use of herbicide at these growth stages, indicating no difference in selectivity and a similar response of maize to the three post-emergence applications of topramezone. Slight injury symptoms of leaf bleaching were observed in the second year, however, they were transient with no lasting injury on maize growth.  相似文献   

Changes in Soluble Manganese and Iron Concentrations of Tropical Wetland Soils as Influenced by Glyphosate Dosage     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):1092-1096

Glyphosate is largely used to control weeds in wetland soils of Brazil. We investigated changes in the chemistry of soluble manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) in these soils as affected by glyphosate dosage. Triplicate samples of the A horizon of wetland soils with different organic-matter contents were incubated with deionized water (1:2) for 1, 3, and 30 days under flooding. Three different glyphosate doses (0, 0.048, and 0.096 g L^?1 m^?2) were spiked on the flooded water at the beginning of the incubation periods. After incubation, pH was measured and samples of the supernatant were collected for determination of Mn/Fe concentrations by atomic absorption. Glyphosate application impacted Mn but had no effect on pH and Fe. Soluble Mn concentrations decreased as glyphosate dosage increased for the high organic-matter soil after 3 days of incubation. It indicated that glyphosate application can change the chemistry of soil metals. The intensity of these changes depends on the glyphosate dosage, evolved metal, incubation time, and soil properties.  相似文献   

Control of grassy weeds in annual canarygrass     

M. Cogliatti  V.F. Juan  F. BongiornoH. Dalla Valle  W.J. Rogers 《Crop Protection》2011,30(2):125-129

There are currently no herbicides registered in Argentina for the selective control of grassy weeds in annual canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.). The principal grassy weeds are darnel ryegrass (Lolium temulentum L.) and wild oats (Avena fatua L.), which cause grain yield and quality losses. The potential of diclofop-methyl and clordinafop-propargyl for their control was assessed through greenhouse and field trials, in which crop phytotoxicity and weed control efficacy were evaluated. It was found that (i) field application of clordinafop-propargyl resulted in severe crop damage, except for low doses that did not affect the species to be controlled; (ii) although field application of diclofop-methyl resulted in a certain degree of phytotoxicity on wild oats, these effects were insufficient for efficacious control; and (iii) field and greenhouse application of diclofop-methyl between 200 and 500 g a.i. ha⁻¹ revealed differences between crop sensitivity and that of darnel ryegrass. In this range, crop phytotoxicity in the greenhouse was less than 20% compared to more than 60% in the weed, and in the field only slight crop phytotoxicity symptoms were observed. As in the greenhouse, field application resulted in significant phytotoxic effects upon darnel ryegrass, high efficacy levels, a low survival rate amongst treated plants and a notable reduction in seed production by surviving plants. Only the highest dose (500 g a.i. ha⁻¹) in one of the field trials resulted in a significant reduction in crop grain yield. Hence diclofop-methyl application appears to offer a promising means for controlling darnel ryegrass.  相似文献   

Imazapyr seed dressings for Striga control on acetolactate synthase target-site resistant maize     

Fred K. Kanampiu  Joel K. Ransom  Jonathan Gressel   《Crop Protection》2001,20(10):885-895

High herbicide levels can be localized on or near seed of acetolactate synthase (ALS) resistant maize (Zea mays). The magnesium salt of imazapyr was optimal for seed dressings (drenching, priming, and coating), for preventing field damage from parasitic Striga hermonthica (witchweed) in three seasons. Striga emerged on untreated maize from 6 to 12 weeks after planting. There was almost no Striga emergence for 3 months on imazapyr-dressed homozygous ALS-R 3245IR maize seeds. Occasional Striga that emerged and flowered formed no seed by harvest. Dust or polyvinylpyrrolidone adhesive coatings were safer in maize and as effective in Striga control as priming. Seed dressing coupled with pulling Striga escapes reduces infestation and can be used to deplete the Striga seed bank until genetic crop resistance becomes available.  相似文献   

蓖麻适用除草剂筛选及防效研究     

曹越  郭志强  王宏伟  张宏斌  王宙  王亚 《安徽农学通报》2015,(3)

为筛选安全有效的蓖麻田间除草剂,选用4种除草剂对蓖麻田间杂草防效进行了田间试验研究。结果表明：除草效果最好的处理为氟乐灵1800g/hm2+扑草净2250g/hm2、氟乐灵1800g/hm2+甲乙莠6000g/hm2,对蓖麻基本没有药害。  相似文献   

除草剂对亚麻幼苗生化指标影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

康庆华  雷蕾等 《中国麻业》2002,24(3):15-19

通过对都尔、精稳杀得、绿黄隆、二甲四氯处理的亚麻幼苗生化指标的测定,明确了这四种除草剂对亚麻幼苗的蛋白质、核酸、DNA及其酶的活性的影响。与此同时通过IAA、GA含量的测定明确这四种除草剂对亚麻生长发育及产量影响的机理。  相似文献   

Herbicide effect on growth and seed production of Lolium multiflorum in Atlantic Canada     

Jerry A. Ivany  Jennifer Lea  Kevin V. McCully  H. Tapani Kunelius 《Crop Protection》2002,21(10):991-995

Lolium multiflorum Lam. (annual ryegrass) is used extensively as a forage crop and seed is produced in several areas worldwide. Seed production has been shown to be commercially possible in Atlantic Canada but improved weed control is needed. Studies were conducted in two provinces (Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick) to determine the effects of the herbicides bentazon, bromoxynil/MCPA, dicamba/MCPA, thifensulfuron/tribenuron, 2,4-D and MCPA on weed control, L. multiflorum growth, seed yields and seed germination in 1998 and 1999. The herbicides MCPA, dicamba/MCPA and bromoxynil/MCPA as evaluated in these experiments provided acceptable control of the broad-leaved weeds present and had no effect on seed yield or seed germination. Although the thifensulfuron/tribenuron caused early foliar injury, the plants recovered and it provided excellent weed control. None of the herbicides affected seed germination. MCPA, dicamba/MCPA and bromoxynil/MCPA could be used to provide control of broad-leaved weeds and thifensulfuron/tribenuron could be used if growers were willing to accept some early injury and possible yield loss to obtain the improved weed control.  相似文献   

草克星防除稻田杂草研究     

余柳青  姚永金 《中国水稻科学》1991,5(4):186-188

草克星(NC-311)是日本日产株式会社新开发的磺酰脲类除草剂,具有用量低,杀草谱广,高效和安全的特点。为了评价草克星对稻田杂草的防除效果和对水稻的安全性,我们于1990年进行了田间小区试验和植物生长箱模拟试验。材料和方法植物生长箱模拟试验在中国水稻研究所进行。设备为LH-200-RD植物生长箱,温度25℃,光照强度为2800 lux,光照时间10 h/d。盆栽用13×13×8 cm塑料方盆,重复3次。  相似文献