佛山市生态城市建设指标体系与评价研究     

陈旋  张健  杨在贵 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(24):7537-7539

生态城市是未来城市的理想模式,生态城市的指标体系与评价方法有助于分析以往生态城市实践的得失,为生态城市的规划、建设和管理提供指导。该研究在分析现有生态城市指标体系优缺点的基础上,根据小城市的特点,构建了针对佛山市的生态城市指标体系,并对佛山市2002和2003年的城市生态化程度进行了评价。结果表明,佛山市城市生态化程度较高,但环境、经济和社会3个子系统发展不平衡,环境和经济子系统是佛山市创建生态城市的优势,而社会子系统则有待加强。根据评价结果,对佛山市的生态城市建设提出了切实保护耕地,加大发展旅游产业,增加文化教育投入,加强社会保障体系等建议。  相似文献   

层次分析法在土地利用总体规划用地指标分解中的应用——以海南省为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

尧德明  陈玉福  张富刚  刘彦随  黄朝明 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(34):11175-11177

分解规划确定的城镇用地规模控制指标是省级土地利用总体规划的主要任务之一。科学地分解指标,减少分解指标中的主观随意性,是规划今后顺利实施的前提条件。以海南省为例,探讨了层次分析法在省级土地利用总体规划中的应用。选取规划目标年非农人口增长预测值、非农业产值增长预测值、现状每公顷城镇用地承载人口、现状亿元非农业产值所需城镇用地等4个因素,作为决定各地区城镇用地指标分配权重的准则,通过分析计算得出各地区规划目标年城镇用地指标分配权重值。用1996~2005年数据对该方法进行验证,结果显示应用该方法所得权重分配同实际权重分配一致性较好。考虑到未来经济社会发展中存在着一定的不确定性,在实际应用中应根据规划期内各地区重点项目的布局情况对计算出的各地区分配权重进行适当的调整。  相似文献   

杀虫剂对褐稻虱种群控制作用的评价   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

庞雄飞  黄凤宽 《华南农业大学学报》1992,13(2):1-4

本文应用干扰作用控制指数分析不同类型杀虫剂对褐稻虱的作用.褐稻虱繁殖力强,天敌作用明显,试验结果说明,广谱性杀虫剂喹硫磷,由于对天敌作用的明显干扰,干扰作用控制指效值达2.69倍。即其下代数量将为对照的2.69倍;特异性杀虫剂扑虱灵,对褐稻虱的作用明显,对其天敌比较安全,其干扰作用控制指数值为0.37。即其下代数量明显下降,收到良好效果,干扰作用控制指数表达了杀虫剂对害虫种群的控制作用、包括对天敌干扰作用的总体效果。特异性杀虫剂在解决有害生物协调管理将会起着良好的作用。  相似文献   

不同药剂对贮藏期哈密瓜真菌病害的抑制效果   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

梁宁  李喜宏  王冬洁 《安徽农业科学》2006,34(10):2247-2248

以不同药剂处理后的哈密瓜为材料,研究哈密瓜贮藏期主要病原真菌的种类、侵染特点以及不同保鲜剂的抑菌保鲜效果。结果表明:从哈密瓜上分离出7个属病原真菌,其中交链孢霉和镰刀菌为哈密瓜的优势致病菌,且易在高温下致病;哈密瓜果实贮藏期不同药剂抑菌效果存在较大差异,其中X液体保鲜剂抑菌效果最佳。  相似文献   

水稻间歇灌溉水分胁迫指数研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

王绍华  丁艳锋 《中国农业科学》1994,27(1):45-50

 综合考虑间歇灌溉缺水期土壤水分含量变化与持续时间长短对水稻的胁迫作用，提出了水分胁迫指数（WSI）的定义(公式见影像原文)。 1989-1991年的试验结果：在水稻水分敏感期，WSI与水稻生育指标和产量相关密切，其相关系数较土壤含水量和土水势指标显著提高，可供生产和研究参照应用。  相似文献   

法氏囊活性肽对新城疫La Sota株弱毒疫苗的免疫增强效果     

杨智满  陆承平  缪德年  姚惠娟  杨惠萍  樊生超 《上海农业学报》2007,23(1):16-19

将7日龄黄羽肉鸡300只均分为对照、常规疫苗剂量配合法氏囊活性肽、常规疫苗剂量减半配合法氏囊活性肽、生理盐水和法氏囊活性肽5组,通过血凝抑制试验测定血清抗体水平和间接ELISA检测鼻腔冲洗液中IgA水平及计算法氏囊指数等试验方法,研究法氏囊活性肽和新城疫La Sota弱毒疫苗配合应用的免疫效果。结果显示,29日龄后,常规免疫剂量配合法氏囊活性肽组的法氏囊指数、血清抗体滴度和IgA水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而常规剂量减半配合法氏囊活性肽组与对照组在法氏囊指数、血清抗体滴度和IgA水平上差异不显著(P>0.05);说明法氏囊活性肽对疫苗有免疫增强作用,疫苗剂量减半配合法氏囊活性肽应用可达到常规疫苗免疫效果。  相似文献   

Long-term trends in the abundance of Mediterranean wetland vertebrates: From global recovery to localized declines     

Thomas Galewski  Ben Collen  Louise McRae  Jonathan Loh  Patrick Grillas  Michel Gauthier-Clerc  Vincent Devictor 《Biological conservation》2011,(5):1392-1399

Biodiversity loss is unevenly distributed in space and time. Species have reached critically low population sizes in some areas, and remain abundant in others. Similarly, some species may benefit from successful conservation plans, while others still experience severe population depletions driven by negative impacts of human activities. Although several indicators have been proposed to measure the fate of biodiversity, they are generally only implemented globally so their relevance for regional assessment is still unclear. Here, we calculated the first regional trend in the Living Planet Index for the Mediterranean wetlands (Med LPI), an indicator that summarizes the fate of global biological diversity based on the temporal trends in abundance of vertebrate populations. The Med LPI was based on 1641 vertebrate populations of 311 species recorded in Mediterranean wetlands from 1970–2008, in 27 different countries. We investigated whether trends in the Med LPI differed between eastern and western Mediterranean countries, which have different socio-economic contexts. Finally, we assessed whether and how the trend in the Med LPI was robust to changes in the number and identity of species considered. We found that, at the Mediterranean scale, the Med LPI increased steeply, which could be taken at first sight, as a general recovery of wetland biodiversity in this biogeographical region. However, we found highly contrasting spatial trends within the Mediterranean region: the average trend was positive for western and negative for eastern countries. Moreover, we showed that depending on the method used to estimate the trend in Med LPI, it can be sensitive to the number and identity of the species considered. We suggest that understanding the regional discrepancies of the trend in biodiversity indicators as well as their robustness to the species represented in the index will enhance progress assessment towards global and regional conservation strategies.  相似文献   

Precipitation or water capacity indices? An analysis of the benefits of alternative underlyings for index insurance     

Ulla Kellner  Oliver Musshoff 《Agricultural Systems》2011,104(8):645-653

Eastern Germany is often hit by drought causing income risk for crop farmers. Index-based risk management instruments could help crop farmers to reduce their farm income risk. Such instruments have some important advantages over damage-based insurance, like e.g. less moral hazard and adverse selection. At the same time they typically have a high level of basis risk. Up to now, mainly precipitation-based weather derivatives have been discussed as an appropriate risk management instrument for farmers in Germany. As a potentially more effective alternative, we propose water capacity-based index insurance. In order to show the benefits of a precipitation-based and water capacity-based index insurance, several contract designs are compared. Using a whole farm risk program planning approach, we show that for an average agricultural producer in Eastern Germany water capacity-based index insurance offers greater benefits than precipitation-based index insurance.  相似文献   

Characterization of nematode colonization and succession in disturbed soil using the Maturity Index   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Christien H. Ettema  Tom Bongers 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1993,16(2):79-85

Nematode colonization and succession were studied over 60 weeks in field plots which had been disturbed by combinations of fumigation and manuring. It was expected that the Maturity Index, which is based on the composition of the nematode fauna, would decrease after disturbance, and subsequently increase with recovery and succession. The results showed that in all treatments, the initial colonization and growth were due to taxa scaled in colonizer-persister (c-p) group 1, resulting in a low Maturity Index. An increase in this index followed when these taxa were gradually replaced by c-p group 2 which thereafter remained the dominant group. C-p groups 3–5 developed only in the non-fumigated treatment. Manuring caused characteristic changes in the nematode fauna which could be described as a cycle, starting with an increase in enrichment opportunists (c-p 1), which were succeeded by general opportunists (c-p 2) which, in turn, were supplemented with persisters (c-p 3–5). It is expected that the same cycle will be observed as a result of other disturbances that cause temporary increase in food supply.  相似文献   

水分亏缺指数在全国干旱遥感监测中的应用研究   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文

齐述华  张源沛  牛铮  王长耀  郑林 《土壤学报》2005,42(3):367-372

水分亏缺指数(WDI)是建立在作物水分胁迫指数理论基础上,并假设陆地表面温度是冠层温度与土壤表面温度线性加权及土壤与植被冠层之间不存在感热交换的情况下,结合陆气温差与植被指数得到的区域干旱评价指标。本文利用MODISTerra陆地表面温度和植被指数数据产品,采用NDVITs空间法分别计算了2000年4月上旬和5月中旬气温空间分布的基础上,结合陆气温差和植被指数计算全国范围WDI,并与表层土壤含水量进行对比。结果表明:WDI能够比较合理地用来监测区域干旱,不仅适用于裸地条件,还能够有效地应用于完全植被或部分植被覆盖条件下的干旱监测,克服了CWSI只能应用于郁闭植被冠层的限制。  相似文献