生物药剂对枸杞蓟马的毒力及田间药效     

何嘉  孙海霞  张蓉  王少东  陈清平 《安徽农业科学》2015,(35):176-177

[目的]筛选出有效防治枸杞蓟马的生物药剂.[方法]通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验研究6种生物药剂对枸杞蓟马的防治效果.[结果]生物药剂6％乙基多杀菌素、0.4％蛇床子素和0.01％斑蟊素对枸杞蓟马具有较好的控制作用,尤其是6％乙基多杀菌素不仅速效性好而且持效期长,药后7d防效为96.43％,药后14 d防效达72.44％.[结论]6％乙基多杀菌素、0.4％蛇床子素和0.01％斑蟊素是防治枸杞蓟马的理想生物药剂,可在生产中示范和应用.  相似文献   

杀虫剂对褐稻虱种群控制作用的评价   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6  

庞雄飞  黄凤宽 《华南农业大学学报》1992,13(2):1-4

本文应用干扰作用控制指数分析不同类型杀虫剂对褐稻虱的作用.褐稻虱繁殖力强,天敌作用明显,试验结果说明,广谱性杀虫剂喹硫磷,由于对天敌作用的明显干扰,干扰作用控制指效值达2.69倍。即其下代数量将为对照的2.69倍;特异性杀虫剂扑虱灵,对褐稻虱的作用明显,对其天敌比较安全,其干扰作用控制指数值为0.37。即其下代数量明显下降,收到良好效果,干扰作用控制指数表达了杀虫剂对害虫种群的控制作用、包括对天敌干扰作用的总体效果。特异性杀虫剂在解决有害生物协调管理将会起着良好的作用。  相似文献   

杀虫剂对土壤的污染及对土壤中有益生物的影响     

李腾武  马建山 《河北北方学院学报(自然科学版)》1996,(4)

本文综述了杀虫剂对土壤的污染及其对土壤中有益生物如微生物、天敌昆虫、益螨和蜘蛛等的生命活动的影响,并建议珍惜保护土壤,更合理有效地使用杀虫剂。  相似文献   

昆虫保幼激素及其类似物的应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘建涛  赵利  苏伟 《安徽农业科学》2006,34(11):2446-2448

介绍了昆虫保幼激素及其类似物应用于杀虫剂和昆虫生长调节剂的研究情况,并展望了昆虫保幼激素及其类似物的应用前景。  相似文献   

Cell death localization in situ in laboratory reared honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) larvae treated with pesticides     

Ales Gregorc  James D. Ellis 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,99(2):200-207

In this study, cell death detected by DNA fragmentation labeling and phosphatidylserine (PS) localization was investigated in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) midgut, salivary glands and ovaries after treating larvae with different pesticides offered via an artificial diet. To do this, honey bee larvae reared in an incubator were exposed to one of nine pesticides: chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, amitraz, fluvalinate, coumaphos, myclobutanil, chlorothalonil, glyphosate and simazine. Following this, larvae were fixed and prepared for immunohistologically detected cellular death using two TUNEL techniques for DNA fragmentation labeling and Annexin V to detect the localization of exposed PS specific in situ binding to apoptotic cells. Untreated larvae experienced ∼10% midgut apoptotic cell death under controlled conditions. All applied pesticides triggered an increase in apoptosis in treated compared to untreated larvae. The level of cell death in the midgut of simazine-treated larvae was highest at 77% mortality and statistically similar to the level of cell death for chlorpyrifos (65%), imidacloprid (61%), myclobutanil (69%), and glyphosate (69%) treated larvae. Larvae exposed to fluvalinate had the lowest midgut columnar apoptotic cell death (30%) of any pesticide-treated larvae. Indications of elevated apoptotic cell death in salivary glands and ovaries after pesticide application were detected. Annexin V localization, indicative of apoptotic cell deletion, had an extensive distribution in the midgut, salivary glands and ovaries of pesticide-treated larvae. The data suggest that the tested pesticides induced apoptosis in tissues of honey bee larvae at the tested concentrations. Cell death localization as a tool for a monitoring the subclinical and sub-lethal effects of external influences on honey bee larval tissues is discussed.  相似文献   

The interactive effects of UV-B and insecticide exposure on tadpole survival, growth and development     

Christine M. Bridges  Michelle D. Boone 《Biological conservation》2003,113(1):49-54

Because declines within amphibian populations can seldom be attributed to a single cause, it is important to focus on multiple stressors, both natural and anthropogenic. Variables such as UV-B radiation and chemical contamination can interact with one another in ways that might not be predicted from single-factor studies. We exposed southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) tadpoles to the insecticide carbaryl and varying intensities of UV-B radiation in artificial ponds and examined their effects on survival, size at metamorphosis, and the duration of the larval period. Tadpole survival to metamorphosis was positively influenced by UV-B intensity. Tadpoles in ponds exposed to carbaryl contained over three times more algae and yielded larger metamorphs than control ponds. Although previous laboratory studies have indicated carbaryl becomes more toxic in the presence of UV-B, we did not find such an effect, perhaps because of the protection afforded by dissolved organic carbon within the ponds. Our research emphasizes the importance of conducting field studies to more accurately predict what occurs under a natural setting.  相似文献   

白鲜皮杀虫活性成分的分离与鉴定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

卫粉艳  原春兰 《西北农业学报》2006,15(4):93-95

采用系统溶剂分离法,制备TLC及光谱分析,对白鲜皮中的活性物质进行了分离和鉴别,以小叶碟添加法对其生物活性进行了监测。结果表明,白鲜皮中主要的活性物质是梣酮。其在浓度为0.11%(质量百分数)时对三龄粘虫幼虫的72 h拒食率和死亡率分别为80.4%和96.6%。  相似文献   

Effect of dihydrodillapiole on pyrethroid resistance associated esterase inhibition in an Indian population of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)     

K. ShankarganeshSuresh Walia  Swaran Dhingra  B. SubrahmanyamS. Ramesh Babu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(1):86-90

Resistance in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) has been attributed to enhanced detoxification of insecticides by increased levels of esterases, oxidases and/or glutathione S-transferases. Enzyme inhibiting insecticide synergists can be employed to counter increased levels of such enzymes in S. litura. Dihydrodillapiole induced synergism of pyrethroid toxicity was examined in the laboratory-reared third instar larval population of S. litura collected in Delhi (susceptible), and Guntur (resistant) region of Andhra Pradesh, India. The Guntur population was found to be 7.04 and 10.19 times resistant to cypermethrin and lambdacyhalothrin, respectively. The activity of cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and profenophos against susceptible and resistance populations of S. litura, was gradually increased when used along with a plant-derived insecticide synergist dihydrodillapiole. The α-naphthyl acetate hydrolysable esterase activity in Delhi population was less as compared to the Guntur population. Resistance associated esterases in Delhi population were inhibited by pre-treatment with dihydrodillapiole. The esterase level in insect was instantly reduced initially, sustained for about 3 h and equilibrated at 4 h post treatment. The esterase activity of Guntur population was increased to 1.28 μmoles/mg/min at 2 h post treatment and subsequently reduced to lower than 0.70 μmoles at 4-12 h post treatment. The variation in esterase activity is suggestive of its homeostatic regulation in test populations. Dihydrodillapiole thus caused significant reduction of resistance in S. litura to cypermethrin, lambda cyhalothrin and profenophos.  相似文献   

Frequencies of the M918I mutation in the sodium channel of the diamondback moth in China, Thailand and Japan and its association with pyrethroid resistance     

Shoji Sonoda  Xueyan ShiDunlun Song  Youjun ZhangJianhong Li  Gang WuYong Liu  Ming LiPei Liang  David WariMasaya Matsumura  Chieka MinakuchiToshiharu Tanaka  Tadashi MiyataXiwu Gao 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2012,102(2):142-145

In addition to the allele frequencies of the L1014F and T929I mutations which are involved in nerve-insensitive resistance to a pyrethroid, those of the M918I mutation were examined using field strains obtained in China, Thailand, and Japan during 2009-2011. Results show that the resistance allele frequencies at the L1014F site were 89-100%, 97-100% and 65-85%, respectively, for strains in China, Thailand, and Japan. The respective allele frequencies at the T929I site were 86-100%, 70-97% and 58-84% for Chinese, Thai, and Japanese strains. With low frequencies up to 27%, M918I was found in Japan and China, but not in Thailand. The strain homozygous for the M918I and L1014F mutations was established and its resistance level to a pyrethroid was examined. The strain lacks a portion of the sodium channel gene corresponding to the 3′ portion of exon 18a, intron 18, and the 5′ portion of exon 18b. Nevertheless, the strain showed a similar level of resistance to that which was homozygous for the T929I and L1014F mutations.  相似文献   

6种杀虫剂防治豇豆豆荚螟的药效试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林伟明  薛德乾  赖贵青 《福建农业科技》2012,(6):40-42

进行6种杀虫剂防治豇豆豆荚螟的药效试验,结果表明:20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 5 000倍液与6%乙基多杀菌素SC 1 500倍液对豆荚螟有较好的防治效果,20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 5000倍液药后7、14、21 d的防效均在95%以上;6%乙基多杀菌素SC 1 500倍液药后7、14、21 d的防效均在83%以上。2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME 1 500倍液、1.8%阿维菌素EC 1 000倍液、18%杀虫双AS 180倍液3种药剂的防效为48%～60%,防治效果不理想。48%毒死蜱EC 900倍液防效极差。  相似文献