Interactions of Water Management and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Rice     

WANG Shao-hua  CAO Wei-xing  DING Yan-feng  TIAN Yong-chao  JIANG Dong 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2003,2(10)

The interactions of water management and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen absorption and utili-zation were studied in rice with Wuxiangjing9 (japonica). The results showed that the nitrogen uptake and re-maining in straw increased and the percentage of nitrogen translocation (PNT) from vegetative organs, nitro-gen dry matter production efficiency (NDMPE) and nitrogen grain production efficiency (NGPE) decreasedwith nitrogen increasing. The nitrogen uptake and NGPE decreased when severe water stressed. However, ricenot only decreased the nitrogen uptake but also increased the PNT from vegetative organs, NDMPE and NGPEwhen mild water stressed. There were obvious interactions between nitrogen fertilizer and water management,such as with water stress increasing the effect of nitrogen on increasing nitrogen uptake was reduced and thaton decreasing NDMPE was intensified.  相似文献   

基于矢量图形的根系构型参数的人机交互系统设计研究     

卜晓磊  张云伟  尚书磊  惠尚 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(8):3725-3727,3739

针对植物根系模拟仿真软件在人机交互方面所存在的缺陷,设计出通过二维图形交互式的解决方案。通过对植物根系拓扑构形的分析与计算机图形学的结合,以二维矢量图的形式设计根系拓扑构型的计算机表达机制,并以此为基础构建参数交互机制。根系参数通过综合数据模型统筹起来传递至模拟仿真系统及数据库,这使得根系参数的构建更为直观,调用已有根系模型更方便。  相似文献   

烟草对复合污染土壤中镉的吸收运转及改良的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

章钢娅  朱卫星  招启柏  胡钟胜 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(2):583-587

[目的]研究烟草对重金属镉的吸收运转规律,改良剂对重金属的改良效果,为最终实现人工调控镉活性提供科学依据。[方法]采用盆栽试验,研究了在复合污染的土壤中烟草对重金属镉的吸收规律,5种改良剂对重金属的改良效果以及烟草体内镉与鲜重和其他重金属的相互关系。[结果]烟草对镉的转移系数在2.28～4.60,向上迁移镉元素能力强。烟草属于镉元素耐性作物,随生育期推移不同部位的镉含量呈下降趋势。加入修复剂在不同程度上减少了烟株体内的镉含量。不同部位的镉含量与其鲜重呈显著负相关。在复合污染的条件下,烟株体内镉的含量与其他重金属(Pb、As和Hg)存在着显著正相关关系。[结论]修复剂在减少烟草镉含量的同时也降低了其他重金属的含量,提高了烟草的生物学产量,达到了提高烟草安全品质和产量的双重功效。  相似文献   

基于网络教学平台的中药资源化学教学改革     

陈佩东  严辉 《安徽农业科学》2016,(29):251-253

在南京中医药大学网络教学平台的基础上,对中药资源化学教育教学活动及教学改革实践进行了研究,旨在进一步提高该课程的教学水平和教学质量。结果表明:在有63名学生的班级中,积极参与阅读文献、学习化学画图软件、自主学习统计分析方法及参加野外标本采集的学生在学习中具有较大优势。网络教学平台有利于开展网上互动式教学活动,既能使学生在完成学习任务的过程中提高学习能力,也有助于教师及时了解学生的学习状态,促进教学水平的提高。  相似文献   

水氮互作对旱地春小麦氮肥利用效率和经济产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姜小凤  郭建国  董博  郭天文  王淑英 《麦类作物学报》2018,(9):1105-1111

为明确水氮互作对旱地春小麦氮素利用效率和经济产量的影响,通过盆栽试验分析了不同水氮处理下春小麦关键生育期茎秆、叶片、麦穗（不含籽粒）和籽粒的全氮含量及经济产量。结果表明,水氮互作下,春小麦茎秆、叶片和麦穗（不含籽粒）的全氮含量均随生长发育进程的推进而呈现下降趋势;正常水分条件（土壤含水量为最大持水量的75%～85%）下,春小麦茎秆、叶片、麦穗（不含籽粒）和籽粒的全氮含量均表现为中氮处理（每公斤土壤施纯氮0.１5 g）＞高氮处理（每公斤土壤施纯氮0.25 g）＞空白对照（不施氮肥）,且中氮处理的氮肥利用率、农学效率和生产效率均显著高于高氮处理（P＜0.05）,但经济产量却显著低于高氮处理（P＜0.05）;水分胁迫条件（土壤含水量为最大持水量的35%～45%）下,春小麦茎秆、叶片、麦穗（不含籽粒）和籽粒的全氮含量均表现为高氮处理＞中氮处理＞空白对照,但中氮处理的氮肥利用率、农学效率和生产效率及经济产量均显著高于高氮处理（P＜0.05）。说明正常水分条件下,增加氮肥用量有利于提高旱地春小麦的经济产量,而水分胁迫条件下,减少氮肥用量更有利于旱地春小麦的生产。  相似文献   

Influence of P and K fertilization on Phytophthora root rot or excess soil water injury of alfalfa cultivars     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(2):229-243

Abstract

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is an important disease of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in wet soils. Excess soil water (ESW) stress is required for the successful infection and development of PRR. The effects of P at 0, 40, and 80 μg.g^‐1 soil and K at 0, 120, and 240 μg.g^‐1 soil (in factorial combinations) on the severity of PRR or ESW stress was investigated on a PRR‐susceptible (Iroquois) and a resistant (Oneida) alfalfa cultivar in a greenhouse trial. P and K applications significantly increased the dry weight of tops prior to imposition of PRR or ESW stress. However, plants subjected to PRR or ESW stress did not respond significantly to P or K and there was no significant effect of P or K on the severity of PRR or ESW injury. The plants subjected to PRR or ESW stress had lower tissue P concentration than those under stress‐free conditions. Increasing P additions resulted in a significant increase in P concentration of Iroquois plants, while in Oneida the response was non‐significant. The response of K concentration in the plant to increasing K additions was dependant on P levels.  相似文献   

氮素水平与光强互作对‘蓝伞’玉簪生长和光合特性的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张金政  周美英  李晓东  于学斌  姜闯道  孙国峰 《园艺学报》2007,34(6):1497-1502

 以蓝灰类型玉簪‘蓝伞’（Hosta 'Blue Umbrella'）为材料，研究了4种光强（自然光照的100%、50%、30%、10%）和4种氮素水平（盆栽土施尿素量0、0.5、1.5和2.5 g·kg^-1）处理对玉簪生长和光合特性的影响。结果表明：‘蓝伞’玉簪的生长和光合特性受光强、氮素水平以及光氮互作的影响。在同一氮素水平下，随着光照强度的减弱，玉簪的生物量、叶面积、叶片数、光合速率及可溶性蛋白含量均表现先上升后下降的趋势，在30%～50%光强下达到最大值；叶绿素含量则随光强的减弱而增加。在同一光照强度下，随着氮素水平的升高，玉簪的生物量、叶面积、叶片数、光合速率及叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势，在0.5 g·kg^-1氮素水平下达到最大值。  相似文献   

木霉菌和番茄叶表主要微生物间关系     

任长顺 《勤云标准版测试》2004,(5)

对番茄叶表分离到的几种真菌和木霉菌BTW41(T.atroviride)之间相互关系作了初步研究,研究发现木霉菌具有较强的营养竞争能力,几种叶面真菌和木霉菌混合处理叶片试验中,黑曲霉菌混合木霉菌的处理会影响木霉菌在番茄叶表的定殖,使木霉菌在番茄叶表的定殖量减少,而其它几种真菌未使木霉菌定殖量减少。  相似文献   

微生物与重金属作用机理研究     

吴海江  茆灿泉  郭红光 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(11):5068-5071

以微生物与重金属相互作用为对象,结合近年来国内外研究,系统地说明了5种主要分子作用机理,分别为细胞表面吸附、主动运输、细胞内隔绝、胞外沉淀及酶的解毒作用。对重金属产生抗性的基因位于微生物的染色体、质粒和转座子上。最后介绍了多种抗性菌株,并就研究和应用前景进行了分析。  相似文献   

Habitat structure and prey aggregation determine the functional response in a soil predator-prey interaction     

Olivera Vucic-Pestic  Björn C. Rall  Ulrich Brose 《Pedobiologia》2010,53(5):307-5

Functional responses describe the per capita consumption rates of predators depending on prey density, which quantifies the energy transfer between trophic levels. We studied a typical interaction of the litter-soil systems between hunting spiders (Pardosa lugubris; Araneae: Lycosidae) and springtails (Heteromurus nitidus; Collembola: Entomobryidae) at varying habitat structure, i.e. with moss vs. without moss. We found a hyperbolic increase in consumption (functional response type II) in the treatment without habitat structure that was converted into a roller-coaster (or dome-shaped in a broad sense) functional response in treatments with habitat structure. Additional experiments suggest that the reduced per capita consumption rates at high prey densities may be explained by aggregative defence behaviour of the springtails. Experimentally, this behaviour was induced by the presence of habitat structure. We analyzed the net-energy gain of this predator-prey interaction by comparing the predator’s metabolic energy loss to its energy gain by consumption. In treatments with habitat structure, the net-energy gain of the predator was limited at intermediate prey densities where prey aggregation reduced the consumption rates. Our results stress the importance of habitat structure and prey behaviour in shaping the functional response in a typical soil-litter predator-prey interaction.  相似文献