清代敦煌渠道修建与管理研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邢卫 《古今农业》2010,(1):106-114

敦煌位于西北干旱地区,是沙漠边缘的一片绿洲,降雨稀少,其农业生产对境内唯一一条河流党河依赖较大。有清一代是敦煌地区主要发展时期,从边防重镇发展成农业聚居区,灌溉渠道的修建与管理是促进敦煌地区农业发展的重要因素。渠道的修建之初为巩固边防与移民屯垦的需要,随着人口的增长,渠道的分布向城外拓展并形成今日敦煌地区渠道分布的大致格局。探讨清代敦煌农业渠道的修建与管理,对今天敦煌地区农业水利科学开发具有历史借鉴意义。  相似文献   

IMAGE: a physically-based one dimensional irrigation management model for soil salinity control     

A. Al-Ajmi  S. Nortcliff  L.P. Simmonds 《Soil Use and Management》2002,18(3):184-190

Abstract. This paper describes a study of 37 farms in the Batinah region of Oman where fodder crops and date palms are grown using saline irrigation water. Soil water salinities (ε_s) range from 2 to 50 dS m^–1. Soil water salinity depends on irrigation water quality and management factors such as the amount and frequency of irrigation and the area of the irrigation basin relative to the vegetation canopy. An irrigation management model for soil salinity control IMAGE has been developed, based on the salt balance of the profile assuming that the ε_s is in equilibrium with the irrigation water. The input parameters required to run the model include the annual water application, irrigation interval, soil textural class, potential evaporation, the ratio of crop canopy to irrigation basin area and the salinity of irrigation water. Verification of the model using rather uncertain data from a survey of the farms showed that this simple approach predicted ε_s to within 2.5 dS m^–1 in 82% of cases. The model showed that ε_s was highly sensitive to the size of irrigation basin and the amount and scheduling of irrigation, and so provides a tool for optimizing salinity management.  相似文献   

小白菜潮汐式栽培专用基质的筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周晓平  刘静波  刘庆叶  杨巍  徐明喜  王蓓  甘小虎  章鸥  王东升 《长江蔬菜》2015,(20):54-56

对3种不同栽培基质和常规栽培基质（市场销售）在潮汐式灌溉模式下进行小白菜栽培试验,比较小白菜的植物学性状,筛选出适用于潮汐式灌溉的小白菜专用型栽培基质。研究结果表明,处理2（40%茶渣蚓粪、20%泥炭、20%蛭石、20%珍珠岩）培育的小白菜株高、生物量、株幅、SPAD 值均显著优于其他处理,栽培效果显著提高,可推荐作为潮汐式灌溉小白菜栽培的专用型基质。  相似文献   

The effect of lupins as compared with peas and oats on the yield of the subsequent winter barley crop     

Christian R. Jensen  Bjarne Joernsgaard  Mathias N. Andersen  Jrgen L. Christiansen  Vagn O. Mogensen  Poul Friis  Carsten T. Petersen 《European Journal of Agronomy》2004,20(4):405-418

New high yielding early maturing cultivars of lupins have been introduced in north-west Europe as grain protein crops in crop rotations. This paper reports on a comparative study of lupins with peas and oats, and of their effect on yield of subsequent winter barley crops. These crops were given five levels of N under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on sand and loam. Under rain fed conditions the grain yield of pea, oat and lupin varied between 24–36, 34–53 and 18–37 hkg DM ha⁻¹, respectively. Supplemental irrigation raised grain yield of oat to 50–60 hkg DM ha⁻¹, while grain yield in pea was not affected and grain yield in lupin in most cases decreased due to gray mould attack and excessive vegetative growth in the indeterminate lupin variety. Under rain fed conditions, the grain nitrogen content of pea, oat and lupin varied between 137–172, 61–80 and 189–226 kg N ha⁻¹, respectively, and was significantly higher in lupin as compared with pea. On sandy soil, similar low-root densities were found for pea, oat and lupin below 30 cm depth. On sand, at final harvest the residual soil-N of lupin and pea, as measured in a subsequent winter barley crop not supplied with N fertilizer, was 15 and 8–10 kg N ha⁻¹ higher than in winter barley following oat, respectively. The nature of the probably more N-root residues of lupin is discussed. On loam, the residual N of lupin and pea was similar, 18–27 kg N ha⁻¹. On sand, under rain fed conditions preceding lupin and pea as compared with oat, increased the barley grain yield at zero N-application 77 and 49%, respectively; the effect of lupin was significantly higher than that of pea until the highest N-level 120 kg N-application ha⁻¹. On loam under rain fed conditions preceding lupin and pea increased the barley grain yield at zero N-application by 36 and 62%, respectively, as compared with oat; at N-application>60 kg N ha⁻¹ the grain yield was similar after all three crops. For both soil types the same level of effect was found under irrigated conditions. Conclusions: Supplemental irrigation might result in lower grain yield in lupin due to gray mould attack and excessive growth if indeterminate lupin varieties are used. Grain nitrogen yield of lupin is significantly higher than that of pea. On sand, the effect of lupin on the subsequent winter barley grain yield is significantly higher than that of pea, probably due to greater N-root nitrogen residues. On loam, lupin and pea have similar effects on the subsequent winter barley crop.  相似文献   

灌溉与秸秆覆盖条件下冬小麦农田小气候特征   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

李全起  陈雨海  于舜章  吴巍  周勋波  董庆裕  余松烈 《作物学报》2006,32(2):306-309

采用四种灌溉方式和有无秸秆覆盖的组合处理，研究了灌溉与秸秆覆盖结合条件下冬小麦农田的小气候特征。结果表明，从2月份开始，覆盖处理在14:00时的土壤温度明显低于不覆盖处理。秸秆覆盖能够降低近地面空气湿度和提高近地面空气温度，在灌溉条件下表现尤为明显。灌溉能够降低近地面的湍流交换系数和湍流热通量，提高潜热通量，而秸秆覆盖的作用相反。秸秆覆盖具有增强灌溉水入渗能力的作用。秸秆覆盖显著降低冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率(WUE)。  相似文献   

灌水和施用钾肥对玉米果穗叶片光合特性及产量的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈建忠肖荷霞  胡铁欢刘艳涛 《华北农学报》2007,22(B10):184-186

在玉米生育期间进行灌水和施用钾肥，对玉米果穗叶片的叶绿素含量、光合强度和玉米籽粒灌浆及最终的籽粒产量均有明显的促进作用；灌水与施用钾肥之间有一定的互作效应；钾肥（K2O）的适宜施用量在90—135kg／hm^2为宜。  相似文献   

基于WIN ISAREG模型的青贮玉米灌溉制度优化研究     

佟长福  李和平  白巴特尔  王军  郑和祥  杨燕山 《中国农学通报》2015,31(21):65-70

为了探索锡林河流域青贮玉米高效节水的最优灌溉制度,进行了连续2年的田间灌溉试验,研究了滴灌条件下青贮玉米的灌溉制度。研究表明,青贮玉米在拔节期-抽雄期土壤水消耗比率最低,作物系数、产量反应系数和腾发量在整个生育期内均达到最大,为青贮玉米的需水关键期;在田间试验的基础上,利用WIN ISAREG模型对实际灌溉制度进行了评价,并模拟了多种组合方案,得到了青贮玉米优选的灌溉制度,青贮玉米生育期内共灌水8次,灌水量200 mm,产量下降率为5.6%,灌水效率达到100%。研究结果可为流域内的青贮玉米灌溉预报,以及有效的利用当地水资源提供参考。  相似文献   

油橄榄灌溉管理研究进展     

张东升 《林产工业》2011,38(1)

综述了油橄榄灌溉需水量研究的基本方法和典型模型,阐述不同亏缺灌溉策略在油橄榄灌溉中的应用,并分析和比较不同灌溉制度在油橄榄灌溉管理上的优劣,以期对我国油橄榄灌溉管理研究和油橄榄生产提供借鉴。  相似文献   

不同灌溉量对油橄榄产量和果实品质的影响     

冯德强  陈克超 《四川林业科技》2011,32(6):76-78

采用盆栽称质量的方法,对盆栽油橄榄灌溉20%、40%、60%、80%、100%、120%、140%蒸腾蒸发量（ET0）,进行产量与果实品质研究。结果表明,灌溉量为100%～140%ET0时单果重、果肉率最高;100%ET0时产果量最高;40%ET0时含油率最高;80%ET0时产油量最高。对于果用油橄榄最佳灌溉量范围为100%～140%ET0,油用油橄榄最佳灌溉范围为60%～100%ET0。  相似文献   

陕西关中灌区基层管理体制改革监测评价网络体系     

汪志农  王密侠  尚虎军  胡笑涛  曹红霞 《农业工程学报》2005,21(13):7-10

系统介绍陕西省关中灌区基层管理体制改革监测评价网络体系的组成、运作程序，实施中存在的主要问题及改进意见，并总结了开展监测评价工作的经验。建立关中灌区管理体制改革监测评价网络系统，对指导与促进九大灌区基层管理体制改革工作的平稳而深入发展起到了积极的作用，而且有关建立监测评价网络体系的经验与做法，对中国各灌区开展此项工作均有一定的指导意义与参考价值。  相似文献