Leaf K/Na ratio predicts salinity induced yield loss in irrigated rice   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Folkard Asch  Michael Dingkuhn  Karl Dörffling  Kouame Miezan 《Euphytica》2000,113(2):109-118

Salinity is a major constraint to irrigated rice production, particularly in semi-arid and arid climates. Irrigated rice is a well suited crop to controlling and even decreasing soil salinity, but rice is a salt-susceptible crop and yield losses due to salinity can be substantial. The objective of this study was to develop a highly predictive screening tool for the vegetative growth stage of rice to estimate salinity-induced yield losses. Twenty-one rice genotypes were grown over seven seasons in a field trials in Ndiaye, Senegal, between 1991 and 1995 and were subjected to irrigation with moderately saline water (3.5 mS cm^-1, electrical conductivity) or irrigation with fresh water. Potassium/sodium ratios of the youngest three leaves (K/Na_Leaves) were determined by flame photometry at the late vegetative stage. Grain yield was determined at maturity. All cultivars showed strong log-linear correlations between K/Na_Leaves and grain yield, but intercept and slope of those correlations differed between seasons for a given genotype and between genotypes. The K/Na_Leaves under salinity was related to grain yield under salinity relative to freshwater controls. There was a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) between K/Na_Leaves and salinity-induced grain yield reduction: the most susceptible cultivars had lowest K/Na_Leaves and the strongest yield reductions. Although there were major differences in the effects of salinity on crops in both the hot dry season (HDS) and the wet season, the correlation was equally significant across cropping seasons. The earliest possible time to establish the relationship between K/Na_Leaves under salinity and grain yield reduction due to salinity was investigated in an additional trial in the HDS 1998. About 60 days after sowing, salinity-induced yield loss could be predicted through K/Na_Leaves with a high degree of confidence (p < 0.01). A screening system for salinity resistance of rice, particularly in arid and semi-arid climates, is proposed based on the correlation between K/Na_Leaves under salinity and salinity-induced yield losses. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

苦菜耐盐机理初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

聂莉莉  张越  刘仲齐 《天津农业科学》2008,14(6)

在水培条件下,研究了不同浓度海盐溶液对苦菜体内游离脯氨酸、Na+含量以及地上部Na+/K+的影响。结果表明:游离脯氨酸是苦菜在盐胁迫下起主要作用的有机渗透调节物质;苦菜根中Na+含量高于叶中Na+含量;随盐浓度增加,苦菜地上部Na+/K+变大,因此,初步认为苦菜是一种拒盐植物。  相似文献   

盐胁迫对星星草幼苗保护酶系统的影响   总被引：46，自引：0，他引：46  

孙国荣  关旸  阎秀峰 《草地学报》2001,9(1):34-38

在盐胁迫下,星星草幼苗过氧化氢酶活性随着胁迫时间的延长而增强,并与盐浓度呈显著正相关。超氧化物歧化酶活性随着胁迫浓度的增强而增强,当超过一定浓度(3.0%Na₂CO₃)时则趋减弱,尔后随着胁迫时间的延长而增强。过氧化物酶活性的变化规律与超氧化物歧化酶活性相似,但变化幅度较小。丙二醛含量随着胁迫时间的延长和胁迫强度的增强而增加。  相似文献   

钾素营养对星星草幼苗抗碱性的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

孙国荣  阎秀峰 《草业科学》1996,13(5):20-23

通过不同水平钾素营养培养星星草幼苗，研究钾素营养对星星草幼苗抗碱性的影响。结果表明：在２．０％Ｎａ２ＣＯ３胁迫下，星星草幼苗钾素营养的最适浓度为１．３５ｍｍｏｌＬ＾－１ＫＣｌ，此条件不仅对株高、干重和鲜重的增长有促进作用，而且受害程度最小，对Ｎａ２ＣＯ３胁迫的缓解作用最强，在一定程度上可提高星星草幼苗对Ｎａ２ＣＯ３胁迫的抗性。  相似文献   

盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片伤害度和K~+/Na~+比的影响     

齐曼·尤努斯  阿布都外力·阿布里克木  木合塔尔·扎热  玛依拉 《北方园艺》2008,(11)

以加工番茄新番3号和里格尔87-5幼苗为试验材料,进行不同浓度的Na2SO4盐处理,研究盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片细胞膜伤害度蚄+、Na+含量的影响.结果表明:Na2SO4胁迫下,新番3号和里格尔87-5叶片细胞膜伤害度均随盐浓度增高而上升,但新番3号伤害程度的增加幅度比里格尔87-5更剧烈.叶片中K+/Na+比也有不同程度的下降趋势,100 mmol/L盐浓度下,与对照相比里格尔87-5的K+/Na+比减少为0.716,新番3号K+/Na+比减少为1.315,这说明新番3号比里格尔87-5对盐胁迫较敏感,容易受到伤害.  相似文献   

Studies on energy metabolism and cholestasis in rat orthotopic liver transplantation model     

HU Ming-hua  YANG Jia-mei  SHENG Yong  LI Dian-qi  WANG Ye  WU Meng-chao 《园艺学报》2008,24(4):817-819

  相似文献   

Changes of BAEP,NO contents and Na+-K+ATPase activities in brain tissues in rats with hyperbilirubinemia     

HE Si-chun  LIU Wen-qin  ZHOU Li-li  WANG Zi-dong 《园艺学报》2008,24(6):1101-1105

AIM: To explore the roles of brain-stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in early monitoring the hearing loss and brain damages in hyperbilirubinemia and nitric oxide(NO) in the pathogenesis of bilirubin-induced hearing loss and brain damages. METHODS: Different doses of bilirubin solution (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) were injected into the abdominal cavity of 15-day old SD rats to make the animal model of hyperbilirubinemia. The serum concentrations of bilirubin were detected by a micro-gauge. The bilirubin concentrations in the brain tissues were examined via a diazo method. The Na+-K+ATPase activities in the brain tissues were analyzed by rooting phosphorus. The NO contents in the brain tissues were assayed via the method of nitrate reductase. BAEP were recorded with an evoked potential recorder. RESULTS: After making the ejection, parts of the rats in the high dosage groups (120 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) showed the abnormal neuro-behaviors. After 6 hours of the ejection, the bilirubin concentrations in serum and in brain tissues, and NO contents in the brain tissues were increased significantly. The Na+-K+ATPase activities in the brain tissues were decreased obviously, and the PL and IPL of BAEP were prolonged significantly in all the experimental rats except the ones in low dosage group (30 mg/kg). The changes of them were closely related to the dose of injected bilirubin. CONCLUSION: The PL and IPL of BAEP are the objective and sensitive indexes for early monitoring the hearing loss and brain damages in hyperbilirubinemia. NO may plays a certain role in the pathogenesis of bilirubin induced hearing loss and brain damages.  相似文献   

Effects of certain cations on manganese absorption by excised rice roots     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):427-436

Abstract

The peanut requires a readily available source of Ca in the fruiting zone during fruit development. Field studies were conducted for three years on two soils to compare rates of fine and coarse gypsum material applied to peanuts shortly after planting and at early flowering in supplying Ca to the peanut fruit and its effect on yields. The fine and coarse gypsum was applied at three rates and at two different times in randomized complete block experiments. At approximately every four weeks, composite soil samples were collected at 0–5 and 5–10 cm depths and extracted with (0.05N HC1 + 0.025N H₂ SO₄) extractant. On the Lakeland soil fine gypsum applied at early flowering gave higher Ca levels at the 0–10 cm depth than coarse material applied shortly after planting or at early flowering. Yield data showed that at low rates coarse gypsum applied at planting was superior to early flowering application. In most instances on the Greenville soil, coarse gypsum applied at planting produced higher levels of Ca than fine or coarse gypsum applied at early flowering. There was no yield response to gypsum application.  相似文献   

Growth Properties and Ion Distribution in Different Tissues of Bread Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) Differing in Salt Tolerance     

A. Rahnama  K. Poustini  R. Tavakkol‐Afshari  A. Ahmadi  H. Alizadeh 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(1):21-30

Four bread wheat genotypes differing in salt tolerance were selected to evaluate ion distribution and growth responses with increasing salinity. Salinity was applied when the leaf 4 was fully expanded. Sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺) concentrations and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in different tissues including root, leaf‐3 blade, flag leaf sheath and flag leaf blade at three salinity levels (0, 100 and 200 mm NaCl), and also the effects of salinity on growth rate, shoot biomass and grain yield were evaluated. Salt‐tolerant genotypes (Karchia‐65 and Roshan) showed higher growth rate, grain yield and shoot biomass than salt‐sensitive ones (Qods and Shiraz). Growth rate was reduced severely in the first period (1–10 days) after salt commencements. It seems after 20 days, the major effect of salinity on shoot biomass and grain yield was due to the osmotic effect of salt, not due to Na⁺‐specific effects within the plant. Grain yield loss in salt‐tolerant genotypes was due to the decline in grain size, but the grain yield loss in salt‐sensitive ones was due to decline in grain number. Salt‐tolerant genotypes sequestered higher amounts of Na⁺ concentration in root and flag leaf sheath and maintained lower Na⁺ concentration with higher K⁺/Na⁺ ratios in flag leaf blade. This ion partitioning may be contributing to the improved salt tolerance of genotypes.  相似文献   

甘蓝型油菜优良恢复系HF16-1400R的选育及应用     

何惠萍  侯燕  侯国佐  侯剑 《耕作与栽培》2013,(3):9-10,22

为选育优质、配合力强的甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育系的骨干恢复系应用于杂交油菜新品种的选育,2002年春从沪油16的常规双低品系的一个变异株通过多年多代的系统选育方法,于2004年选育成攻的优良恢复系HF16-1400R.该恢复系具有品质优、配合力强、杂交优势明显,丰产性突出等特点.用恢复系HF16-1400R组配的组合农华油101分别于2008年和2010年通过全国长江下游和中游两个区域的审定,中农油9号于2008年通过长江下游审定,油研817于2009年和2010年分别通过浙江省品种审定委员会审定和长江上游审定.  相似文献