丝栗栲林土壤微生物PLFA群落结构的时空变化特征     

赵梦赛  栾亚宁  戴伟  王兵  乔红雍 《西北林学院学报》2019,34(6):16-21

以江西大岗山丝栗栲林为研究对象,采用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）法并结合主成分分析等方法,研究土壤微生物PLFA群落结构和多样性随时间和土壤深度的变化特征。结果表明,丝栗栲林地土壤共有40种PLFA存在,其中16∶0、5,9,13Me14∶0和10Me16∶0在各时期各土层中均有分布,并占有绝对含量优势;土壤微生物有明显的表聚现象（P<0.05）,0~20 cm土层中土壤微生物的丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度、Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数都显著优于下层土壤,但同层土壤随时间变化不明显;主成分分析（PCA）表明,18∶0、18∶1w11t、18∶1w9t、cy17∶0、a14∶0是影响丝栗栲林地土壤微生物的主要PLFA;相关性分析表明,土壤PLFA含量与降雨量和凋落物量都呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。  相似文献   

不同用地土壤有机质和微生物对添加秸秆的响应     

李玖燃  丁红利  任豫霜  张磊 《草业科学》2017,34(5)

选取采集于国内17个省(区)的不同利用方式下的85个土样为研究对象,定量添加玉米(Zea mays)秸秆置于相同温度培养90d,分析土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)含量变化特征及其驱动因子。结果表明,添加玉米秸秆后,不同用地的SOM变化存在较大差异,63.5%的土壤样品的SOM增加,36.5%的减少;SOM含量相对变化率与其初始SOM含量呈显著负相关关系(P0.05),说明在短期内添加秸秆并不一定意味着土壤有机质会提高。试验土样来源于4种不同用地方式中,采集于播种粮食旱地的88%的土样,其SOM含量增加;采集于水稻田的土样,其SOM含量均减少;采集于林地和菜地的土样,其SOM含量有增有减。添加秸秆后,各土样的可培养微生物数量均增加,增加量表现为水稻田林地菜地粮食旱耕地,真菌放线菌细菌。磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid fatty acid,PLFA)分析显示细菌/真菌与G+/G-均表现为水稻田粮食旱耕地林地菜地,比值越小说明土壤生态系统越稳定;A/B和iso/anteiso、C/A均表现为菜地粮食旱耕地林地水稻田,比值越小代表养分和环境胁迫越严重。因此,4种用地方式中,水稻田土壤生态系统稳定性较差,受养分和环境胁迫程度高。  相似文献   

Soil microbial community response to surfactants and herbicides in two soils     

《Applied soil ecology》2014

The environmental impacts of herbicides on desirable plants and the soil biota are of public concern. The surfactants that are often used with herbicides are also under scrutiny as potentially harmful to soil biological systems. To address these concerns, we used two soils, a silt loam and a silty, clay loam from south central Missouri, to investigate the impacts of herbicides and surfactants on soil microbial communities using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The surfactants used in this study were alkylphenol ethoxylate plus alcohol ethoxylate (Activator 90), polyethoxylate (Agri-Dex), and a blend of ammonium sulfate, drift reduction/deposition polymers and anti-foam agent (Thrust). The herbicides were glyphosate, atrazine and bentazon. Surfactants and herbicides were applied to soils at label rate, either alone or combined, to 4000 g soil per pot. The two soils differed in history, texture, some chemical characteristics and several microbial community characteristics. A few of the chemicals altered some of the components of the microbial community after only one application of the chemical at field-rate. The Cole County, MO silt loam showed larger changes in the microbial community with application of treatments. For the Boone County, MO silty clay loam, Activator 90, Agri-Dex and bentazon treatments increased microbial biomass determined by PLFA; Thrust decreased PLFA markers, bacteria to fungi ratio; and Agri-Dex at both rates decreased monounsaturated fatty acids. Changes in the microbial community due to herbicides or surfactants were minimal in this study of a single application of these chemicals, but could be indicators of potential long-term effects. Long-term studies are needed to determine the changes in the microbial community after several years of annual applications of herbicides and surfactants on a wide array of soil types and management practices.  相似文献   

Temporal dynamics and variation with forest type of phospholipid fatty acids in litter and soil of temperate forests across regions     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

Microorganisms form the basis of soil food webs and represent key control points of carbon cycling and sequestration. Virtually all central European forests are managed and land-use regimes likely impact microbial abundance and community composition. Consequently, knowledge on how land-use intensity and abiotic variables, such as pH, C-to-N ratios, moisture regimes and concomitantly different stress levels, affect microbial communities is needed. We investigated phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles of leaf litter and soil from four forest types differing in foliage, age and management intensity, replicated in three regions across Germany. To account for temporal variation, samples were taken twice in the same season, but with an interval of three years. Total microbial biomass and microbial community composition differed between years, presumably due to between year variations in weather conditions. The litter layer was more prone to effects of drying, with a reduction of almost 30% of total PLFAs in the drier year. In soil effects of weather conditions depended on soil type and therefore differed between regions, with microorganisms in the sandy soils of the Schorfheide being more susceptible to water-stress, as evidenced by a ten-fold increase of the stress indicator cy/pre ratio in the drier year. Despite temporal variations in microbial biomass and community composition, the balance between the fungal and bacterial energy channel, as measured by fungal-to-bacterial ratios, remained rather constant in particular in soil. While total microbial biomass did not differ between forest types, microbial community composition differed significantly between beech and coniferous forests. Despite more acidic conditions, the fungal energy channel was less pronounced in leaf litter of coniferous forests than in broad-leaved forests, whereas the proportion of bacterial fatty acids was the highest in coniferous forests. Increasing management intensity presumably fosters the bacterial energy channel in the exposed litter layer. Supporting this assumption coniferous forests featured significantly higher values of the stress indicators cy/pre and SAT/MONO ratio. Bacterial community structure and biomass closely correlated with pH, with particular PLFAs dominating at high and low pH, respectively, indicating pH-specific microbial communities. In contrast, fungal abundance in leaf litter was correlated with C-to-N ratio. The results suggest that leaf litter and soil need to be considered separately when investigating changes in microbial community composition, since susceptibility of microorganisms to environmental stressors differs markedly between these layers. This, and repeated sampling events, may be particularly important when investigating subtle effects such as those related to climate change.  相似文献   

The seasonal pattern of soil microbial community structure in mesic low arctic tundra     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2013

Soil microorganisms are critical to carbon and nutrient fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the annual pattern of soil microbial community structure and how it corresponds to soil nutrient availability and plant production is a fundamental first step towards being able to predict impacts of environmental change on ecosystem functioning. We investigated the composition, structure and nutrient stoichiometry of the soil microbial community in mesic arctic tundra on 9 sample dates in 6 months from winter to fall using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), epifluorescent microscopy and chloroform-fumigation–extraction (CFE). PLFA analysis indicates that the winter microbial community was fungal-dominated, cold-adapted and associated with high C, N and P in the soil solution and microbial biomass. The microscopy data suggest that both bacteria and fungi were active and growing in soils between −5 °C and 0 °C. A significant shift occurred in the PLFA data, qPCR patterns, microscopy and microbial biogeochemistry after the thaw period, resulting in a distinct community that persisted through our spring, summer and fall sample dates, despite large changes in plant productivity. This shift was characterised by increasing relative abundances of certain bacteria (especially Gram +ves) as well as a decline in fungal biomass, and corresponded with decreasing C, N and P in the soil solution. The summer period of low substrate availability (plant–microbe competition) was associated with microbial indicators of nutritional stress. Overall, our results indicate that tundra microbial communities are clearly differentiated according to the changes in soil nutrient status and environmental conditions that occur between winter and post-thaw, and that those changes reflect functionally important adaptations to those conditions.  相似文献   

Comparison of root system architecture and rhizosphere microbial communities of Balsas teosinte and domesticated corn cultivars     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

The progenitor of maize is Balsas teosinte (Zea mays subsp. parviglumis) which grows as a wild plant in the valley of the Balsas river in Mexico. Domestication, primarily targeting above-ground traits, has led to substantial changes in the plant's morphology and modern maize cultivars poorly resemble their wild ancestor. We examined the hypotheses that Balsas teosinte (accession PI 384071) has a) a different root system architecture and b) a structurally and functionally different rhizosphere microbial community than domesticated cultivars sweet corn (Zea mays subsp. mays accession PI 494083) and popping corn (Zea mays subsp. mays accession PI 542713). In a greenhouse experiment, five plants from each corn variety were grown in individual pots containing a Maury silt loam – perlite (2:1) mixture and grown to the V8 growth stage at which rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community structure was assessed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Functional characteristics of the rhizosphere were assayed by examining the potential activity of seven extracellular enzymes involved in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling. Root system architecture was characterized by root scans of sand grown plants at the V5 growth stage. Compared to the control the sweet corn rhizosphere had different bacterial and fungal community structure, decreased fungal diversity and increased bacterial abundance. Teosinte caused a significant change in the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community structure and increased bacterial abundance, but no significant decrease in bacterial or fungal diversity where the former was found to be significantly greater than in the sweet corn rhizosphere. Popping corn did not trigger significant changes in the bacterial or fungal diversity and bacterial abundance in the soil. The individual popping corn plants changed the bacterial and fungal communities in different directions and the overall effect on community structure was significant, but small. Of the enzymes analyzed, potential N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity was found to contributed most to the differentiation of teosinte rhizosphere samples from the other corn varieties. The teosinte root system had proportionally more very fine (diameter < 0.03 mm) roots than popping corn and sweet corn and it developed the highest root to shoot dry weight ratio, followed by popping corn. Sweet corn had significantly lower average root diameter than popping corn and teosinte and grew proportionally the least below-ground dry mass. The results allude to functional and structural differences in the rhizosphere microbial communities of the corn varieties that, with additional research, could lead to useful discoveries on how corn domestication has altered rhizosphere processes and how plant genotype influences nutrient cycling.  相似文献   

渭北旱塬不同覆膜农田土壤微生物群落和酶活性的差异   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

于亚军  张浩  张子豪  王聪  王凯  蒋锐 《农业环境科学学报》2020,39(11):2578-2586

为研究降解/非降解膜和白/黑色膜覆盖对土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响，以渭北旱塬玉米地为研究对象，用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）法分析了非降解白膜、非降解黑膜、降解白膜、降解黑膜和不覆膜5种处理玉米收获期土壤微生物群落和酶活性的差异及其与土壤性质的关系。结果表明：非降解膜处理土壤温度、含水量、全氮、碱解氮和硝态氮含量高于降解膜处理（P<0.05），在同是降解膜或非降解膜情况下，地膜颜色对土壤温度、含水量影响较小，对土壤氮、磷、钾含量的影响取决于其是否可降解。非降解膜处理微生物PLFA总浓度较降解膜处理高29.5%（P<0.05），普通细菌、真菌、革兰氏阳性菌PLFA浓度较降解膜处理分别高26.3%、29.7%、58.7%（P<0.05），脲酶、碱性蛋白酶和脱氢酶活性也高于降解膜处理（P<0.05），其中碱性蛋白酶高出幅度最大，为42.4%，脲酶最小，为11.4%，黑色膜处理真菌与细菌PLFA浓度比（F/B）较白色膜处理高20.6%（P<0.05），并且非降解黑膜处理革兰氏阳性菌与阴性菌PLFA浓度比（G⁺/G^-）较非降解白膜处理低27.5%（P<0.05），表明非降解膜在提升微生物与酶活性方面优于降解膜，相同材料的黑色膜在维持土壤生态系统稳定性和对土壤环境变化的缓冲能力方面较白色膜更有优势。冗余分析显示，土壤微生物和酶活性主要受土壤氮、磷、钾含量影响，土壤温度和含水量并非土壤微生物和酶活性的关键限制因子。  相似文献   

Long‐term field fertilization affects soil nitrogen transformations in a rice‐wheat‐rotation cropping system     

Jinbo Zhang  Zucong Cai  Wenyan Yang  Tongbin Zhu  Yongjie Yu  Xiaoyuan Yan  Zhongjun Jia 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(6):939-946

Mineralization and nitrification are the key processes of the global N cycle and are primarily driven by microorganisms. However, it remains largely unknown about the consequence of intensified agricultural activity on microbial N transformation in agricultural soils. In this study, the ¹⁵N‐dilution technique was carried out to investigate the gross mineralization and nitrification in soils from a long‐term field fertilization experiment starting from 1988. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis was used to determine soil microbial communities, e.g., biomasses of anaerobic bacterial, bacterial, fungi, and actinobacteria. The abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) were measured using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results have demonstrated significant stimulation of gross mineralization in the chemical‐fertilizers treatment (NPK) ([6.53 ± 1.29] mg N kg^–1 d^–1) and chemical fertilizers–plus–straw treatment (NPK+S1) soils ([8.13 ± 1.68] mg N kg^–1 d^–1) but not in chemical fertilizers–plus–two times straw treatment (NPK+S2) soil when compared to the control‐treatment (CK) soil ([3.62 ± 0.86] mg N kg^–1 d^–1). The increase of anaerobic bacterial biomass is up to 6‐fold in the NPK+S2 compared to that in the CK soil ([0.7 ± 0.5] nmol g^–1), implying that exceptionally high abundance of anaerobic bacteria may inhibit gross mineralization to some extent. The gross nitrification shows upward trends in the NPK+S1 and NPK+S2 soils. However, it is only significantly higher in the NPK soil ([5.56 ± 0.51] mg N kg^–1 d^–1) compared to that in the CK soil ([3.70 ± 0.47] mg N kg^–1 d^–1) (p < 0.05). The AOB abundance increased from (0.28 ± 0.07) × 10⁶ copies (g soil)^–1 for the CK treatment to (4.79 ± 1.23) × 10⁶ copies (g soil)^–1 for the NPK treatment after the 22‐year fertilization. In contrast, the AOA abundance was not significantly different among all treatment soils. The changes of AOB were well paralleled by gross nitrification activity (gross nitrification rate = 0.263 AOB + 0.047 NH ‐N + 2.434, R² = 0.73, p < 0.05), suggesting the predominance of bacterial ammonia oxidation in the fertilized fields.  相似文献   

柑橘黄龙病植株内生菌PLFAs多态性研究     

郑雪芳  刘波  孙大光  朱育菁  段永平  夏育陆  阮传清  肖荣凤 《中国生态农业学报》2012,20(7):932-944

采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)生物标记法,分析柑橘黄龙病株不同部位及健康状态叶片内生菌群落结构。结果表明,从柑橘黄龙病植株叶片共检测到42种PLFAs,其中完全分布的生物标记有9种,不完全标记有33种。对PLFAs进行聚类分析表明,柑橘黄龙病株不同部位叶片内生菌PLFAs可以分为2大类群,类群I特点为脂肪酸生物标记均为不完全分布,类群Ⅱ的特点为脂肪酸生物标记在被检测的柑橘黄龙病植株的大部分叶片中均有分布。柑橘黄龙病株不同部位及健康状态叶片内生菌PLFAs组成及含量存在差异。总体来看,不同朝向中,东面叶片内生菌PLFAs含量最大;不同高度中,下部叶片内生菌PLFAs含量最大;不同健康状态中,带有黄龙病原叶片内生菌PLFAs含量比健康植株叶片更大。此外,不同朝向中,南面叶片真菌/细菌值最大,革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的比值(G+/G)较大;不同高度叶片中,真菌/细菌值差异不明显,G+/G值差异明显,上部最大,下部次之,中部最小;不同健康状态中,健康叶片的真菌/细菌值高于黄龙病株叶片。对柑橘黄龙病株不同部位及健康状态叶片内生菌多样性研究表明,不同朝向和不同健康状态的叶片内生菌种群多样性指数差异显著,不同高度的叶片内生菌种群多样性指数差异不显著。主成分分析表明,主成分1和主成分2基本上能把柑橘黄龙病株不同朝向叶片内生菌种群区分开来。对柑橘黄龙病株不同部位及健康状态叶片进行聚类,结果表明带有黄龙病原的叶片聚为一类,不带黄龙病原的健康叶片分聚为两类,其中,不同朝向的叶片分聚在不同的亚类群中,表明柑橘黄龙病株内生菌PLFAs分布与叶片健康状态和叶片朝向均有紧密关系,与叶片健康状态关系更为密切。  相似文献   

污染土壤微生物多样性研究方法的比较     

沙月霞 《宁夏农林科技》2014,(3):24-28

土壤微生物是气候和土壤环境条件变化的敏感指标,土壤微生物的多样性和群落结构变化在一定程度上反映了土壤的质量。随着土壤污染面积的扩大,土壤微生物多样性受到了极大影响,即许多土壤微生物类群的多样性降低。总结了近年来几种国内外主要应用于污染土壤微生物多样性的研究方法,分别对其发展动态、优缺点及实用性进行了比较分析,并对土壤污染生态学中的研究应用前景作出展望。  相似文献