北京市蔬菜价格变动的特征及影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘凤杰  穆月英 《中国蔬菜》2011,(Z1)

以北京市蔬菜价格的变动为研究对象,采用2007年6月～2011年1月北京市蔬菜总体或分品种的按月平均价格数据,分析了蔬菜价格变动的长期趋势、季节波动和超常波动等特征。在此基础上,运用多元回归模型对北京市蔬菜价格变动的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,蔬菜上市量、农用生产资料价格、季节、自然灾害等因素均对北京市蔬菜价格有影响。  相似文献   

Origin软件在研究市售滴灌产品水力性能中的应用     

冉文生  龙泽荣  李中全  张辽生  马宁 《节水灌溉》2011,(9):44-46

滴灌是一种受到广泛关注的低压节水灌溉技术,滴灌产品作为承栽该技术的载体,其质量直接影响了滴灌技术的推广。通常那些制造偏差小、流量均匀度高、抗堵塞性能强、单位成本低的滴灌产品才能得到更广泛的应用。采用最小二乘法,使用origin软件对市售的4种主要滴灌产品压力一流量关系进行拟合计算,结果表明：使用该软件拟合的流量及水利性...  相似文献   

Root growth conditions in the topsoil as affected by tillage intensity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gra?ina Kad?ien?  Lars J. Munkholm 《Geoderma》2011,166(1):66-73

Many studies have reported impeded root growth in topsoil under reduced tillage or direct drilling, but few have quantified the effects on the least limiting water range for root growth. This study explored the effects of tillage intensity on critical soil physical conditions for root growth in the topsoil. Samples were taken from a 7-year tillage experiment on a Danish sandy loam at Foulum, Denmark (56°30′ N, 9°35′ E) in 2008. The main crop was spring barley followed by either dyer's woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) or fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cover crops as subtreatment. The tillage treatments were direct drilling (D), harrowing 8-10 cm (H), and ploughing (P) to 20 cm depth. A chisel coulter drill was used in the H and D treatments and a traditional seed drill in the P treatment. Undisturbed soil cores were collected in November 2008 at soil field moisture capacity from the 4-8 and 12-16 cm depths.We estimated the critical aeration limit from either 10% air-filled porosity (ε_a) or relative gas diffusivity (D/D₀) of 0.005 or 0.02 and found a difference between the two methods. The critical limit of soil aeration was best assessed by measuring gas diffusivity directly. Root growth was limited by a high penetration resistance in the D and H soils (below tillage depth). Poor soil aeration did not appear to be a significant limiting factor for root growth for this sandy loam soil, irrespective of tillage treatment. The soil had a high macroporosity and D/D₀ exceeded 0.02 at field capacity. Fodder radish resulted in more macropores, higher gas diffusivity and lower pore tortuosity compared to dyer's woad. This was especially important for the H treatment where compaction was a significant problem at the lower depths of the arable layer (10-20 cm depth). Our results suggest that fodder radish could be a promising tool in the amelioration of soil compaction.  相似文献   

Use of organic carbon and loss-on-ignition to estimate soil organic matter in different soil types and horizons   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

P. J. A. Howard  D. M. Howard 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1990,9(4):306-310

Summary Loss-on-ignition (LOI) and the organic C content have been used to estimate soil organic matter. Organic matter is often estimated from organic C by applying a factor of 1.724. Several authors have examined the relationship between LOI, used as an estimate of organic matter, and C by simple linear regressions. In the present study, this approach was examined in relation to two sets of data. LOI overestimates organic matter in soils with significant proportions of clay minerals because of bound water, and correcting for bound water gives some LOI: C ratios of less than 1. It is concluded that differences in the nature of the organic matter in different soils and horizons make the simple regression approach unsuitable. More attention needs to be paid to studies of the nature of the organic matter.  相似文献   

坡面泥石流发生的地貌信息初探——以重庆市北碚区为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

曾凡伟  徐刚  李青  桑琰云  彭涛 《土壤通报》2005,36(3):402-406

坡面泥石流的发生是地貌信息的综合反映,是地表能量在各种因素影响下的再分配。坡面泥石流堆积物是坡地系统总能量减少的最好证明,堆积物体积的大小与坡面泥石流宽度、坡积物厚度、流域高差、流域狭长度、坡度和沟谷纵比降等地理要素密切相关。本文以北碚区坡面泥石流为例,初步探讨了坡地总能量的减少与各种地貌要素的关系,并通过多元回归的方法求取了坡地总能量减少的回归方程。检验后证明回归系数与0有显著差别,该回归方程有意义。  相似文献   

Relation of soil organic matter concentration to climate and altitude in zonal soils of China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wanhong Dai  Yao Huang 《CATENA》2006

With a total of 886 data sets distributed in different regions of China, the relation of soil organic matter (SOM) concentration to climate and altitude was investigated. These data sets were obtained from the 2nd National Soil Survey of China that was completed in early 1980s. According to climate gradient and vegetation community succession, six geographical regions, including eastern, southern, northern, northeastern, northwestern and southwestern China, were divided to identify the key factors regulating surface SOM concentration in different geographical regions. Correlation analysis indicates that surface SOM concentration is in general negatively correlated with annual mean temperature (T) and positively correlated with annual mean precipitation (P) and altitude (H). A further investigation suggested that multiple regression models with different combination of T, P and H could explain 41.5%–56.2% of the variability in surface SOM concentration for different geographical regions, while the driving variables are different. Variables of T and P determined surface SOM concentration in northern, northeastern and northwestern China. In eastern and southern China, variables of P and H are key factors regulating surface SOM concentration. Surface SOM concentration in southwestern China is determined by a linear combination of T, P and H.  相似文献   

Quantifying soil organic carbon fractions by infrared-spectroscopy     

M. Zimmermann  J. Leifeld  J. Fuhrer 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(1):224-231

Methods to quantify organic carbon (OC) in soil fractions of different stabilities often involve time-consuming physical and chemical treatments. The aim of the present study was to test a more rapid alternative, which is based on the spectroscopic analysis of bulk soils in the mid-infrared region (4000-400 cm⁻¹), combined with partial least-squares regression (PLS). One hundred eleven soil samples from arable and grassland sites across Switzerland were separated into fractions of dissolved OC, particulate organic matter (POM), sand and stable aggregates, silt and clay particles, and oxidation resistant OC. Measured contents of OC in each fraction were then correlated by PLS with infrared spectra to obtain prediction models. For every prediction model, 100 soil spectra were used in the PLS calibration and the residual 11 spectra for validation of the models. Correlation coefficients (r) between measured and PLS-predicted values ranged between 0.89 and 0.97 for OC in different fractions. By combining different fractions to one labile, one stabilized and one resistant fraction, predictions could even be improved (r=0.98, standard error of prediction=16%). Based on these statistical parameters, we conclude that mid-infrared spectroscopy in combination with PLS is an appropriate and very fast tool to quantify OC contents in different soil fractions.  相似文献   

Least limiting water range: A potential indicator of changes in near-surface soil physical quality after the conversion of Brazilian Savanna into pasture     

T.P. Leo  A.P. da Silva  M.C.M. Macedo  S. Imhoff  V.P.B. Euclides 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,88(1-2):279-285

The Brazilian savanna, or “Cerrado”, is an ecosystem that originally covered more than 200 Mha in Brazil. It is estimated that about 49.5 Mha in the Cerrado are now covered with cultivated pastures, which are responsible for half of Brazilian beef production. However, soil and pasture degradation represent a threat to this productive system and to the Cerrado ecosystem itself. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the least limiting water range (LLWR) as an index of near-surface soil physical quality after conversion of Brazilian savanna to continuous and short-duration grazing systems. Three sites were evaluated: native Cerrado (NC), continuous grazing (CG), and short-duration grazing (SG). Thirty soil cores (5 cm height, 5 cm diameter) were collected at each site, and used for soil bulk density, soil water retention curve, and soil penetration resistance curve determinations. The results were used for quantification of LLWR and critical bulk density (D_bc), in which LLWR equals zero. The near-surface soil physical quality, as evaluated by the LLWR, was most restrictive for potential root growth in SG. In CG, potential restriction was moderate; however, the entire soil bulk density range was below the D_bc. In NC, potential restriction was minimum. The soil structural degradation process was primarily related to the increase in stocking rates in the grazing systems. The LLWR proved to be a useful indicator of Cerrado soil physical quality, being sensitive to alterations in near-surface physical properties.  相似文献   

提高玉米子粒蛋白质含量关键技术措施研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

吴春胜  宋日  王成己  贾士芳  谷岩 《玉米科学》2004,12(4):062-066

试验采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法,以密度、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和收获期作为决策变量,研究以上5个因素对四密25和中单9409蛋白质含量的影响,通过微机建立数学模型,并对模型进行解析,求出各因子对玉米子粒蛋白质含量影响的主次关系及因子间的交互作用,借助微机模拟试验,寻出定量生产水平下的最佳栽培措施,为玉米优质栽培提供依据。  相似文献   

马铃薯晚疫病短期预报模型     

苏圣阳  张寿明 《安徽农业科学》2015,(32)

依据云南省马龙地区2003 ～ 2012年种植季的数据资料,分别利用单一回归模型、混合模型建立预报模型,并利用历史数据资料的回代进行精度检验.结果表明:2个模型均满足精度要求,但经过改进的混合模型明显提高了拟合精度.采用混合预报模型替代传统单一预报模型,综合考虑了同时期和不同时期的因素对马铃薯晚疫病的影响,提高了模型的精度.  相似文献