梨幼果表皮果点形成的组织解剖观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

俞宏  贾湘汴 《果树学报》2002,19(1):62-63

梨幼果期皮层细胞组织具有荧光物质,采用活组织切片和荧光显微观察的方法,研究了梨幼果表皮气孔转变为果点过程中,外部形态和内部细胞结构的变化,并根据皮孔细胞组织生长发育的特点,提出了栽培中减小果点形成的有效措施。  相似文献   

Effect of high-pressure hot-water washing treatment on fruit quality, insects, and disease in apples and pears: Part I. System description and the effect on fruit quality of ‘d’Anjou’ pears     

Jinhe Bai  Eugene A. Mielke  Paul M. Chen  Robert A. Spotts  Maryna Serdani  James D. Hansen  Lisa G. Neven 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2006,40(3):207-215

A manually operated high-pressure hot-water washing system consisting of a boiler, hot-water mixing tank, contact loop, heat exchanger, spray mixing tank, high-pressure hot-water washing manifold, low-pressure fresh water rinse manifold, and pressure pump was constructed and installed in a packingline. The system developed 20–50 °C washing water at pressures up to 980 kPa. ‘d’Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.), shortly after harvest, and after storage for 3 and 4 months in regular air (RA) or for 4, 7 and 8 months in controlled atmosphere (CA) at −1 °C were washed through the packingline with different wetting agents (0.1% Silwet, 0.01 and 0.1% Defoamer, and water), water pressures (regular and high-pressure (210–980 kPa)), water temperatures (control (tap water, 4–22 °C), 40 °C, and 50 °C), and brushes (soft and firm), respectively. The effect of the washing conditions on fruit quality was investigated after 1 month of storage at −1 °C to simulate shipping condition, and then again after 1 week at 20 °C to simulate marketing condition. Hot-water caused severe heat scald. When nozzle temperature was 50 °C, the incidence of heat scald increased to over 50% for the fruit stored in RA for 3 months. Combined with hot-water, 540 kPa high-pressure washing increased the incidence of friction discoloration. There were lower incidences of friction discoloration and heat scald for fruit stored in CA for 7 months, in comparison to that in RA for 3 months. However, those fruit did not ripen properly as indicated by a high extractable juice content. Fruit washed at harvest had minor incidences of friction discoloration regardless of different brushes, water pressures, and wetting agents. Fruit washed after storages in either 4 months RA or 4 or 8 months CA suffered a high incidence of friction discoloration including scuffing symptoms and pressure marking. The firm brushes caused a higher incidence of friction discoloration mainly because of scuffing symptoms. However, no differences were found between different water pressures and wetting agents with respect to friction discoloration. Fruit stored for 4 months RA suffered 26–28% friction discoloration in comparison to 16–18% in CA stored fruit with firm brush washing. Extended CA storage increased friction discoloration even with soft brush washing. The results suggest that a washing system with high-pressure spray, <30 °C warm water, wetting agent Defoamer and rotating soft brushes were significantly effective in removing surface pests and decay control without causing internal or external damage of fruit.  相似文献   

梨树在自然干旱条件下叶片解剖学特征   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

高秀萍  张勇强  童兆平  杨家洪  童德中 《山西农业科学》2001,29(1):62-64

比较测定了水、旱地梨树的叶片解剖构造、气孔分布密度与相对开张度、气孔传导率、蒸腾速率以及光合速率。结果表明 ,梨树在自然干旱条件下 ,叶片厚度极显著地变薄 ,栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和表皮厚度也均显著或极显著地变薄。但是 ,栅叶比和栅海比则无显著变化。在自然干旱条件下 ,梨树叶片气孔密度增大 ,而气孔相对开张度却变小。气孔传导率、蒸腾速率和光合速率均无显著变化  相似文献   

不同果袋套袋对幸水梨品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张振铭  张绍铃  乔勇进  陶书田 《上海农业学报》2007,23(1):30-33

选用了12种不同类型果袋对幸水梨进行套袋比较试验,结果表明:套袋后幸水梨果实的硬度、可滴定酸含量比对照显著增大;可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖含量以及单果重均显著降低,分别比对照平均降低8.47%,10.59%,20.85%;对还原型Vc含量影响显著,套袋果还原型Vc含量比对照增加10%-39.9%;套袋对果实光洁度和果点等外观品质明显改善。综合研究认为双层袋L2-1为幸水梨果实套袋处理的最佳选择。  相似文献   

梨新品种——早金香的选育     

姜淑苓  贾敬贤  马力  欧春青  方成泉  王斐  王志刚  宣利利 《果树学报》2011,(1):184-185,封2

早金香是从矮香与三季梨的杂交后代中选育出的梨新品种.果实粗颈葫芦形,平均单果质量237.0 g,果皮黄绿色,肉质细、软,石细胞少,汁多味甜,有淡香,可溶性固形物含量13.2%,果心小,品质上等.早果,丰产,抗性强.在辽宁兴城地区8月上中旬成熟.适于露地和设施栽培.  相似文献   

早熟梨新品种-早金酥的选育   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李俊才  刘成  王家珍  隋洪涛  蔡忠民  伊凯 《果树学报》2011,(2):365-366,188

早金酥是以早酥为母本,金水酥为父本杂交育出的梨早熟新品种.果实呈纺锤形,平均单果质量240 g,最大质量600 g;果面绿黄色,果皮薄,肉质脆,果汁多,风味酸甜,石细胞少,品质极上.可溶性固形物含量10.8%,总糖含量8343 g·kg-1,可滴定酸含量2.527 g·L-1,维生素C含量33.72 mg·kg-1,硬...  相似文献   

不同处理对梨种子休眠与萌发的影响   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

程奇  吴翠云  阿依买木 《塔里木大学学报》2005,17(1):28-30

以新疆杜梨种子为试验材料，研究了不同处理对其休眠与萌发的影响，结果表明：GA3(赤霉素)和6-BA(6-苄基嘌呤)均能有效的破除种子的休眠，以6-BA的处理效果优于GA3，而且随6-BA浓度增加种子发芽率升高；GA3对未去皮种子处理作用不大，对去皮和低温处理种子效果明显；杜梨种皮中存在发芽抑制物质，去皮种子发芽率明显高于未去皮种子；低温30天以上和GA3或6-BA共同作用可有效解除休眠，使种子发芽率分别达87．4％和97．2％。  相似文献   

梨矮化中间砧S2 、S5 和PDR54的离体培养研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

罗娅  汤浩茹  李秀梅  王小蓉 《园艺学报》2006,33(5):1063-1066

 以梨矮化中间砧S2、S5和PDR54试管苗为试材, 探讨了培养基和植物生长调节剂对梨矮化中间砧试管苗增殖和生根的效应。其结果表明: MS培养基较QL、AS和WPM培养基更有利于中间砧茎的增殖, 2～3 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA、0.1～0.2 mg·L ^{- 1} IBA和1～2 mg·L ^{- 1} GA₃组合能有效促进S2、S5和PDR54试管苗的增殖, 其增殖倍数达3.71～5.83。综合各品种增殖倍数、茎高度以及茎质量等指标表明, MS + 3.0 mg·L ^-1 6-BA + 0.2 mg·L^-1 IBA + 2.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃是S2的最佳增殖培养基; MS + 2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg·L^-1 IBA + 1.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃是S5和PDR54增殖的最佳培养基。同时, S2、S5和PDR54增殖的试管苗在不同的生根条件下分别获得了67%、50%和86%的生根率。  相似文献   

白花结实早熟梨新品种一早冠的选育     

李晓 李勇王迎涛  刘国胜韩彦肖 《果树学报》2006,23(6):910-911,F0002

早冠是以鸭梨为母本，青云为父本杂交育成的自花结实早熟梨新品种。果实8月初成熟，近圆形，平均单果质量230g，果皮淡黄色，果肉洁白，肉质细腻酥脆，汁液丰富，酸甜适口。具有良好的自花结实能力，抗病，早果，丰产。  相似文献   

金秋梨叶、梢和果实的生长动态及相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吕金海  朱荣林  周书伟 《西南园艺》2006,34(1):20-21

金秋梨自展叶到叶面积几乎停止扩大所需时间需24d,前12d叶片生长速度快,叶面积迅速增大;12d以后,叶片扩展缓慢,叶面积增加速率慢;24d后,叶片几乎停止生长。新梢的加长生长和加粗生长均可分为3个时期,持续时间与新梢种类有关。金秋梨果实的生长速率有3个高峰,分别在花后40d、82d和131d。  相似文献