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11.
Kyo Sato 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1987,5(1):1-5
Summary Population changes of several bacterial groups were compared between soils percolated with glycine and amended with different amounts of pentachlorophenol (PCP). PCP retarded the increase in total viable bacteria with increasing doses of PCP. The increase was followed by a gradual decrease, but the numbers in the soil remained at the maximum level for a short time in the presence of large amounts of PCP. The numbers of Gram-negative bacteria and PCP-tolerant bacterial cells increased dramatically, being followed by a comparable decrease, although the former was always slightly larger than the latter. PCP reduced spore counts. PCP and glycine in the percolation fluid dissipated during the percolation, but the dissipation of glycine was slowed by the presence of increased amounts of PCP. Large portions of PCP were detected in the liquid at the late stage of percolation. Changes in pH suggested biochemical reactions in the percolated soil. The changes differed according to the amount of PCP. 相似文献
12.
土壤中五氯酚的测定及其生物降解研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
探索了土壤中五氯酚的测定方法。在藏红T分光光度法的基础上 ,用蒸馏法直接提取土壤中的五氯酚进行测定 ,效果较好 ,克服了常用的超声提取及萃取方法测定结果不稳定的弊端。当土壤中五氯酚浓度为 5 0～ 1 0 0mg/kg时 ,采用上述方法测定回收率为 85 .5 0 %～95 .38% ,灵敏度为 0 .0 1mg/kg。此外在利用黄孢原毛平革菌对灭菌土壤中五氯酚的降解试验中 ,应用上述方法成功地进行了土壤中五氯酚的测定。当土壤中五氯酚污染水平为 5 0～2 0 0mg/kg时 ,黄孢原毛平革菌对五氯酚具有较强的降解作用。 相似文献
13.
Ten soil colloids were obtained from three kinds of Fe-rich (> 50 g kg− 1) subtropical soil parent materials (Basalt, Sandshale, and Quaternary Period Red Earth) collected in nine sites in Guangdong of China. Effect of the Fe-rich soil colloids and adding Fe(II) and oxalic acid on reductive dechlorination transformation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were studied on colloids interfaces of reaction suspension. Mineralogical properties and specific surface area of the soil colloids were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) methods, respectively. A series of reductive experiments were designed to determine PCP transformation and chloride ion release, and to calculate rate constant (k values) of pseudo first-order kinetics. Our results showed that reductive transformation of PCP occurred with k values from 0.007 to 0.057 d− 1, and relevant chloride was released in the suspension of the ten soil colloids. Soil colloid developed from Basalt presented higher transformation rates (0.040-0.057 d− 1) than that from Sandshale (0.007-0.033 d− 1) and Quaternary Period red earth (0.012 d− 1). Two paddy soil colloids developed from Sandshale (0.032-0.033 d− 1) were more active than other three Sandshale soil colloids (0.007-0.011 d− 1). The k values were significantly and positively correlated to the BET surface area (P < 0.01, n = 10). Addition of oxalic acid (0.022-0.231 d− 1) or Fe(II) (0.029-0.256 d− 1) into suspension of soil colloids gave arise to increase by 1.2-9.4 times in the k values. The release of chloride ion was simultaneously elevated. The enhancement of oxalic acid or Fe(II) on reductive transformation of PCP was attributed to increase of surface-bound Fe(II), which possess high reductive reactivity. The k values adding 1.0 mM oxalic acid were significantly and positively correlated to BET surface area and soil pH (P < 0.01), while k values adding 1.0 mM Fe(II) were related to total Fe (P < 0.001). The results may give new insight to understand the contribution of PCP abiotic reductive transformation in subtropical and tropical soils, and also in permeable reactive barriers. 相似文献
14.
五氯酚在长期定位施肥土壤中的残留动态 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究好氧和厌氧条件下五氯酚 (PCP) 在长期不施肥 (CK),施无机肥尿素 (N),施有机肥 (OM)和无机有机肥配施 (N+OM) 4 种处理土壤中的残留动态.结果表明,无论在好氧或厌氧条件下,PCP 在土壤中的消解均遵循一级动力学方程.在好氧条件下,PCP 在 CK、N、OM 和 N+OM 4 种处理土壤中半衰期分别为 26.9、27.7、21.5、20.6 天,在厌氧条件下,PCP 的半衰期分别为 30.8、32.2、27.1、25.9 天.表明无论在好氧或厌氧条件下,长期单施有机肥或无机有机肥配施显著加速 PCP 在土壤中的消解,原因可能是长期单施有机肥或无机有机肥配施能显著提高土壤有机质含量和微生物活性,加速 PCP 在土壤中的消解.好氧条件下 PCP 的消解速率显著高于厌氧条件. 相似文献
15.
黄孢原毛平革菌对土壤中五氯酚的降解 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了白腐真菌典型种黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)对土壤中五氯酚(pentachlorophenol,PCP)的生物降解。结果表明,在灭菌土壤中PCP初始浓度为71.62 mgkg-1干土条件下,P.chrysosporium生长和对PCP降解的最适接种量为0.10 mlg-1干土,P.chrysosporium最适生长温度为37℃,对PCP降解的最适宜温度为30～37℃,菌体生长和PCP降解的最适土壤含水量为25%。灭菌土壤中PCP的初始浓度为50.05～175. 相似文献
16.
An investigation was conducted using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profiles to follow the spatial response of the microbial community at the millimeter scale with the purpose of illustrating the mechanism of nonlinear spatial dependence of PCP degradation on the distance from the root surface in the rhizosphere of Lolium perenne L. A laminar rhizobox was designed to allow the harvest of intact layers of root compartment, near-(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm) and far-(>5 mm) rhizosphere soil from root surfaces without the removal of the root material itself. Lolium perenne L. was grown in environmental chambers for 53 days with soil spiked with 8.7 and 18 mg kg−1 PCP. PLFA profiles were found to be affected by the distance from the rhizosphere, indicating a distance-dependent selective enrichment of competent species that may be responsible for efficient PCP degradation. In particular, the five fatty acids 16:1ω5, 16:0, i17:0, a17:0 and 10Me18:0 emerged as microbiological biomarkers that may be used for assessing phytoremediation processes of PCP in soil. Their synergistic effects were shown to be most responsive to the nonlinear spatial patterns of PCP degradation in the vicinity of Lolium perenne L. roots. The results suggest that root exudates induced modifications of microbial communities in the PCP contaminated rhizosphere and spatially modified the dominant species within these communities, resulting in the nonlinear PCP degradation pattern. 相似文献
17.
18.
This study investigated the effect of two earthworm species (Amynthas robustus Perrier and Eisenia fetida Savigny) on the soil microbial degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP). PCP-degrading microbes were identified using DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP). The results showed that adsorption and fixing to soil particles and organic fractions dominated the fate of PCP in soil without any amendments. The inoculation of both earthworm species significantly enhanced soil PCP disappearance and basal respiration. The DNA-SIP results revealed that Klebsiella, Cupriavidus, Aeromonas, and Burkholderia spp. were present at higher relative abundances in [13C]-labeled-PCP-amended soil microcosms than [12C]-PCP-amended soil in the presence of A. robustus, indicating that these bacterial species were responsible for PCP assimilation. Cupriavidus and Aeromonas sp. were also detected in the earthworm gut before inoculation, and their relative abundance was affected by earthworms. These results demonstrated that earthworms can introduce functional bacteria into soils and increase the population of PCP-degrading bacteria, thereby accelerating soil PCP degradation. 相似文献
19.
Takashi Nakamura 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(5):787-795
The use of plants or microorganisms to detoxify contaminated soil or groundwater is a potentially cost-effective alternative to traditional remediation technologies. This study investigated the effects of a rhizosphere microbe on the biotransformation of pentachlorophenol (PCP). Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Rottler) and its rhizosphere-competent bacterium, Pseudomonas gladioli M-2196, were used as a plant-bacterium pair. The genes encoding PCP-degrading enzymes from Sphingobium chlorophenolicum ATCC39723 were introduced into the chromosome of P. gladioli M-2196. The resultant transformants were able to degrade PCP almost completely in liquid medium within 4 d in culture. PCP degradation experiments showed that the amount of PCP in soil (3.3 μg g−1) planted with the P. gladioli transformant (T-9) and Chinese chive decreased by 40% as compared with untreated soil (control) by day 28. Strain T-9, which was used in the PCP degradation experiments, retained the ability to colonize the Chinese chive rhizosphere after 28 d. Tetrachlorocatechol (TCC) was detected as a metabolite of PCP in Chinese chive extract. The amount of PCP in soil treated only with Chinese chive decreased by 30% as compared with the control, but the total amount of PCP plus TCC detected in the plant was less than 10% of the amount of PCP removed from soil. This might be due to the enhancement of a soil microflora population capable of degrading PCP by root exudates from Chinese chive. Therefore, Chinese chive itself, in addition to the rhizosphere-competent bacterium, seemed to play an important role in reducing the PCP level in the soil. 相似文献
20.
C. A. M. van Gestel W. A. van Dis E. M. Dirven-van Breemen P. M. Sparenburg R. Baerselman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1991,12(2):117-121
Summary In the existing guidelines for earthworm toxicity testing, mortality is the only test criterion. Mortality is, however, not a very sensitive parameter, and from an ecological point of view growth and reproduction are more important for a proper risk assessment of chemicals in soil. In this study the growth and sexual development of juvenile earthworms were considered as test criteria in a standardized earthworm toxicity test. The effect of Cd, Cu, and pentachlorophenol on the growth and sexual development of juveniles of the species Eisenia andrei was studied in an artificial soil substrate. Two tests with Cd were carried out to study the effects of the mode of application of the food source (cow dung). EC50 (50% effective concentration) values for the effect of Cd, Cu and pentachlorophenol on the growth of E. andrei were 33–96, >100, and >32 mg kg-1 dry soil, respectively, and there was no observed effect at 18–32, 56, and 32 mg kg-1 dry soil, respectively. Sexual development of the earthworms was inhibited at 10 mg Cd kg-1 and 100 mg Cu kg-1 dry soil, but was not affected at the highest pentachlorophenol concentration tested (32 mg kg-1 dry soil). The results were the same whether the food was applied in a hole in the middle of the soil or mixed homogeneously through the soil. 相似文献