不同樱桃砧木根际微生物和养分的动态变化     

王静  刘艳梅  王春梅  张明莉  王小娟  朱列霞 《西北农业学报》2015,24(1):123-129

研究樱桃年生长周期内不同樱桃砧木(大青叶、山樱、考特和马哈利)对根际微生物和养分动态变化的影响。结果表明,樱桃年生长周期内,各砧木根际微生物数量呈现先上升再下降的变化趋势,且均以细菌最多,放线菌次之,真菌最少。根际有机质和全氮呈先上升后下降又上升的变化趋势,全磷和全钾呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,碱解氮和速效磷呈逐步上升的变化趋势,速效钾呈先降低后上升的变化趋势,且各砧木根际各养分差异显著。4种樱桃砧木土壤营养水平基本能够满足樱桃生长的需要,但根际养分亏缺。因此,选择合适的樱桃砧木,有利于土壤微生物数量和养分的提高,从而为樱桃树生长创造良好的土壤生态环境。  相似文献   

Distribution of phosphatase activity and various bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere of Hordeum vulgare L. depending on P availability     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

Despite the importance of the rhizosphere for nutrient turnover, little is known about the spatial patterns of organic phosphorus mineralization by plants and by microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Therefore, the distribution of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and the abundance of bacteria belonging to various bacterial phyla were investigated in the rhizosphere of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as dependent on the availability of inorganic P. For this purpose, we conducted a greenhouse experiment with barley growing in inclined boxes that can be opened to the bottom side (rhizoboxes), and applied soil zymography and fluorescence-in situ-hybridization (FISH). Acid phosphatase activity was strongly associated with the root and was highest at the root tips. Due to P fertilization, acid phosphatase activity decreased in the bulk soil, and less strongly in the rhizosphere. Alkaline phosphatase activity, i.e., microbial phosphatase activity was high throughout the soil in the control treatment and was reduced due to inorganic P fertilization especially in the rhizosphere and less strongly in the bulk soil. P-fertilization slightly increased the total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere. Moreover, P-fertilization decreased the abundance of Firmicutes and increased the abundances of Beta- and Gamma-Proteobacteria. The total number of bacterial cells was significantly higher at the root surface than at the root tip and at a distance of 30 μm from the root surface. Our results show that alkaline phosphatase activity decreased more strongly in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil due to P fertilization, which might be because of greater C deficiency in the bulk soil compared to the rhizosphere. Furthermore, the results indicate a spatial separation between hotspots of acid phosphatase activity and hotspots of bacteria in the rhizosphere of H. vulgare. Taken together, our study shows that bacteria and phosphatase activity were very heterogeneously distributed in soil, and that the effects of P fertilization on phosphatase activity differed strongly between bulk soil and rhizosphere as well as between various zones of the rhizosphere.  相似文献   

Organic acid induced release of nutrients from metal-stabilized soil organic matter – The unbutton model     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

Processes of soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization and the reverse, destabilization of SOM resulting in subsequent release and mobilization of nutrients from SOM, remain largely unresolved. The perception of SOM as supramolecular aggregates built of low molecular mass biomolecules is currently emerging. Polyvalent metal cations contribute to SOM tertiary structure by bridging functional groups of such molecules (Simpson et al., 2002). The strong bond to metals protects high quality organic material from being immediately accessed and decomposed. Here we propose a three-step process by which low molecular mass organic acids (LMMOAs) and hydrolytic enzymes act in series to destabilize SOM supramolecules to release organic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for local hyphal and root uptake. Complexation of the stabilizing metals by fungal-released LMMOA gives fungal-root consortia direct access to organic substrates of good quality. Because of their small sizes and carboxyl group configuration, citric and oxalic acids are the most effective LMMOAs forming stable complexes with the main SOM bridging metals Ca and Al in SOM. Citrate, forming particularly strong complexes with the trivalent cations Al and Fe, is dominant in soil solutions of low-productive highly acidic boreal forest soils where mycorrhizal associations with roots are formed predominantly by fungi with hydrophobic hyphal surfaces. In these systems mycelia participate in the formation of N-containing SOM with a significant contribution from strong Al bridges. In less acidic soils of temperate forests, including calcareous influenced soils, SOM is stabilized predominantly by Ca bridges. In such systems mycorrhizal fungi with more hydrophilic surfaces dominate, and oxalic acid, forming strong bidentate complexes with Ca, is the most common LMMOA exuded. A plant-fungus driven biotic mechanism at the supramolecular aggregate level (10³–10⁵ Da) resolves micro-spatial priming of SOM, where the destabilization step is prerequisite for subsequent release of nutrients.  相似文献   

Enhanced bioremediation of soil containing 2,4-dinitrotoluene by a genetically modified Sinorhizobium meliloti     

Sisir K Dutta  Gail P HollowellFawzy M Hashem  L David Kuykendall 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(5):667-675

The symbiotic nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium, Sinorhizobium meliloti, is well known for its ability to interact with the leguminous plant Medicago sativa L. It has, however, not been reported that this species possesses the capability to degrade toxic nitroaromatic compounds, such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) which is commonly associated with the degradation of the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT). In this study, the pJS1 DNT-biodegradative plasmid was genetically transferred to S. meliloti strain USDA 1936, which was confirmed by plasmid profile analysis. Several standard analytical and chemical tests including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nitrite (NO₂) release assays, rhizosphere population and plant greenhouse studies were conducted to test the ability of S. meliloti to degrade 2,4-DNT. The possible presence of 2,4-DNT remaining in the treated soil was tested, and no 2,4-DNT had been absorbed by the soil. The pJS1-carrying recombinant strain DHK1 produced ‘ARC’ alfalfa plants that were almost 2-fold higher in shoot dry weight than that produced by the parent strain on soil containing 0.14 mM 2,4-DNT. The transconjugant strain DHK1 reduced significantly one-third more 2,4-DNT in both 0.14 and 0.28 mM contaminated soil, and in 0.55 mM contaminated soil it degraded 94% of the 2,4-DNT present. In liquid cultures, however, only about 4% reduction in 2,4-DNT concentrations was obtained in 10 days. We interpret the results as clearly establishing that genetic modification was successfully used, for the first time, to improve the capability of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium S. meliloti DHK1 to bioremediate in situ 2,4-DNT-contaminated soil in the presence of alfalfa plants.  相似文献   

Transcriptome Analysis of Microbiome and Parasites in Feces of Giant Pandas     

DENG Wenwen  LI Caiwu  JIN Lei  LI Guo  WU Honglin  ZHANG Guiquan  WEI Rongping  CHEN Rui  WANG Minglei  HE Yongguo  LI Ti  LI Desheng  ZHANG Hemin  HUANG Yan  ZOU Likou 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(11):2812-2824

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根-土界面的微生态过程与有机污染物的环境行为研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

徐建明  何艳 《土壤》2006,38(4):353-358

土壤-植物系统是地球生态系统中与人类生存与健康关系最为密切的亚系统。该系统中有机污染物的运移必须历经根-土界面多层次的微生态过程的控制。这些微生态过程涉及到系统中许多生物、生物化学和物理化学反应机理,与土壤中污染物迁移转化及其归宿等环境行为具有密切的关系。理解这些微生态过程及其对有机污染物环境行为的影响,对提高作物生长、改善土壤环境质量和提高农产品品质安全具有直接的理论和实践指导意义。  相似文献   

盐碱胁迫对枸杞生长及根际适应能力的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

付任胜  尹立荣  陈磊  孙鹏  管长志 《华北农学报》2012,27(3):177-180

通过水培试验研究不同盐碱胁迫条件对枸杞生长以及根际pH值和电导率的影响。结果表明:枸杞在含有NaCl的营养液中培养,随着NaCl浓度的升高,枸杞的株高、鲜质量和干质量减少,根系对根际的pH值和电导率调节能力减弱;此外,枸杞能够在1.4%NaCl水培条件下生长,1.6%NaCl以上水培条件会导致枸杞落叶直至死亡。  相似文献   

丛枝菌根真菌对旱稻根际Pb形态分布的影响(英文)     

张旭红  林爱军  张莘  郭兰萍 《农业科学与技术》2012,(7):1484-1488,1520

[目的]为了研究丛枝菌根真菌对旱稻根际土壤中重金属铅(Pb)化学赋存形态的影响。[方法]采用盆栽实验的方法,研究了不同Pb处理水平(0、300、600mg/kg)下,接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)Glomus mosseae对旱稻(OryzalsativaL.)根际Pb形态分布的影响。[结果]接种处理下,旱稻根系侵染率以及根外菌丝量随着土壤Pb含量增加而显著降低(P<0.05)。与未接种处理相比,接种处理显著提高Pb处理下根际pH;300mg/kgPb处理下,接种显著增加土壤球囊霉素含量,600mg/kgPb处理下,接种处理显著降低土壤球囊霉素含量(P<0.05);在Pb处理下,与未接种处理相比,接种处理显著提高可交换态Pb含量,显著降低了碳酸盐结合态以及铁锰氧化物结合态Pb含量,却显著增加了土壤中有机质结合态Pb含量(P<0.05)。[结论]这说明接种丛枝菌根真菌可以改变旱稻根际土壤中Pb的形态分布。  相似文献   

喀斯特生态系统中乔木和灌木林根际土壤微生物生物量及其多样性的比较   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王新洲  胡忠良  杜有新  刘永卓  李恋卿  潘根兴 《土壤》2010,42(2):224-229

我国喀斯特区域面积分布较广,而喀斯特生态系统的退化已成为当前西南地区面临的严重的生态问题。本研究选取贵州中部两种不同植被类型的生态系统—乔木林和灌木林,以乔木林中的白栎、园果化香和灌木林中的火棘、竹叶椒等主要优势树种为对象,研究不同的植物树种对根际土壤微生物生物量及其细菌群落结构的影响。结果显示:乔木林系统中根际土壤微生物生物量碳、氮显著性高于灌木林,植物的根际效应在乔木林中表现更为显著;同时乔木林中的优势树种通过根系分泌物的作用显著提高根际土壤细菌多样性指数,而灌木林中优势树种的根际土壤微生物量及多样性均未表现出明显的根际效应。因此,植被的演替通过改变土壤微生物的特性影响植物-微生物-土壤之间的物质和能量循环,进一步影响喀斯特生态系统的稳定和健康功能。  相似文献   

运用多隔层根箱研究玉米幼苗根际微域中芘的降解     

许超  夏北成 《土壤》2010,42(4):554-559

采用多隔层根箱,通过尼龙撩网插片的控制,实现根室土(S0)、离根室0～2mm(S1)、2～4mm(S2)、4～6mm(S3)及6mm(S4)各室层土壤的分离采集,分析离根系表面不同距离土壤芘的根际降解,并借助脂肪酸甲酯(fattyacidmethylester,FAME)分析土壤微生物群落结构的空间响应机制。结果表明:种植玉米处理的各室层内土壤可提取态芘含量存在显著的不同,其大小顺序为S4S3S0S2S1;各室层微生物群落结构存在显著的变化,其中微生物生物量和丛枝菌根真菌特征脂肪酸含量表现出与土壤可提取态芘含量变化相反的变化趋势。未种植玉米处理的各室层土壤可提取态芘含量和微生物群落结构没有差异。土壤可提取态芘含量与微生物生物量和丛枝菌根真菌的特征脂肪酸呈显著负相关(p0.01)。  相似文献