BTH-mediated antioxidant system responses in apple leaf tissues     

Maria Skłodowska  Ewa Gajewska  Elżbieta Kuźniak  Artur Mikiciński  Piotr Sobiczewski 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

BTH (S-methylbenzo-1,2,3-thiadiazole-7-carbothiate), an active compound of the commercial preparation Bion, has been studied as an elicitor of resistance to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) in apple. However, the biochemical mechanisms of its action are not fully elucidated. Our study indicated that BTH at the best time of its protection activity (2–14 days after application) induced changes in prooxidant–antioxidant balance in the leaves of apple trees, but in different ways in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Glutathione as low molecular antioxidant as well as superoxide anion radical and lipid peroxides as oxidants exhibited changes at the early phase of BTH action. Glutathione-dependent enzymes were strongly affected by the elicitor used. On the 2nd day glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities increased by about 70% and 30% above the control, respectively. GST activity normalized about the 14th day but GSH-Px at the same time showed 27% of the control value. Among enzymes utilising hydrogen peroxide only catalase showed increase (37%) at the early phase of experiment. Compared with the control, BTH-treated plants did not show changes in ascorbate peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities. Tocopherol (TOC) level diminished starting from the 7th day after BTH treatment and on the 14th day it was only 28% of the control. It is proposed that extinguishing of BTH-mediated signal resulted from TOC and glutathione action. The diminished ascorbate level at all examined times may play a crucial role in BTH-mediated cell growth regulation. The direct influence of BTH on lipid metabolism should be also taken into consideration.  相似文献   

作物生长模型同化SAR数据模拟作物生物量时域变化特征   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

谭正刘湘南  张晓倩吴伶 《中国农学通报》2011,27(27):161-167

生物量是监测作物长势的一个重要指标,可以反映作物的生长状况,和作物产量有密切关系。遥感获取生物量的方法之一是通过基于矢量辐射传输方程的微波冠层散射模型反演,但多数模型反演方法并未考虑作物生物量在不同阶段的变化特征。运用数据同化方法,将SAR数据提取的生物量信息和作物生长模型结合,描述作物生物量与时间变化的关系,提高生物量估测精度。通过分析生物量和SAR数据提取的后向散射系数的时域变化关系建立反演模型估算生物量。在构建代价函数的基础上,采用共轭梯度法对生长模型参数进行优化,使模型估算的生物量和SAR数据反演的生物量差值最小。结果表明,引入SAR数据修正后的作物生长模型模拟生物量和实测值的时间分布基本吻合,且比未引入SAR数据的结果精度有明显提高。因此采用SAR数据提取的作物实时生长信息可以修正作物生长模型关键参数以提高模拟生物量的精度。  相似文献   

Estimation of surface roughness and stone cover in burnt soils using SAR images     

R. Menéndez Duarte  E. Wozniak  C. Recondo  C. Cabo  J. Marquínez  S. Fernández 《CATENA》2008

In many quartzitic slopes in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula there is a high topsoil stoniness which produces a random surface roughness. The surface roughness is one of the control parameters in the signal of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. In this work we test the use of the SAR images for distinguishing and mapping areas with different surface roughness which, in this study, correspond with areas with different surface stoniness. In accordance with the geographic location, the relief of the study area and the aims of the project JERS and ENVISAT SAR images were used. The images are characterized by the high view angles, between 33° and 42°, alternating polarization (HH/HV, VV/VH) data and ascending and descending passes.  相似文献   

基于多时相Sentinel-1SAR地表土壤水分反演的Alpha近似模型改进   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈婷婷  潘耀忠  孙林 《土壤学报》2019,56(5):1269-1278

针对多时相SAR数据反演土壤水分的Alpha近似模型存在入射角变化影响模型适用性的问题,在小扰动模型SPM的理论基础上推导得出改进的Alpha模型,并使用时间序列Sentinel-1SAR数据结合地面观测网络在黑河和温尼伯两个实验区进行算法验证。对反演结果和实测数据进行相关分析,使用改进后模型反演得到的土壤水分与实测数据间的相关系数分别由0.473、0.601提高至0.851和0.821,在严格的α系数边界设定条件下,均方根误差(m~3·m~(-3))分别由0.053、0.152减小至0.023和0.065;为进一步评价模型质量,引入水文领域中常用的模型评价指标纳什系数NSE,改进前后的NSE分别为-0.532、-1.243和0.713、0.588。结果表明,原始模型反演结果虽然和实测数据间呈现一定的相关性,但存在较大误差,而通过本文提出的改进模型可以很好地校正由于入射角变化带来的影响,得到较为可靠的结果,扩展了Alpha模型的应用。  相似文献   

植物系统性获得抗病性的产生机理和途径   总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35  

蔡新忠  郑重 《植物保护学报》1999,26(1):83-90

坏死型病原物侵染或某些生化制剂诱导处理后,植株未受侵染或处理部位产生对随后病原物侵染的抗性,称为植物系统性获得抗性,ＳＡＲ具有抗性表现系统、持久、抗病对象广谱三大特点。坏死型病原物侵染或某些生化制剂处理后,植株受处理部位迅速产生系统性信号,经韧皮部传导到未侵染或处理部位,诱发ＳＡＲ基因表达。水杨酸是诱发ＳＡＲ的系统性信号之一。此外,上部非处理部位处于敏化状态,能更迅速有效地产生针对挑战接种病原物的  相似文献   

Activity of native tick kinins and peptidomimetics on the cognate target G protein‐coupled receptor from the cattle fever tick,Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)     

Caixing Xiong  Krzysztof Kaczmarek  Janusz Zabrocki  Ronald J Nachman  Patricia V Pietrantonio 《Pest management science》2020,76(10):3423-3431

  相似文献   

Varying evapotranspiration and salinity level of irrigation water influence soil quality and performance of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2017

Increasing use of recycled water that is often high in salinity warrants further examination of irrigation practices for turfgrass health and salinity management. A study was conducted during 2011–2012 in Riverside, CA to evaluate the response of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) ‘SR 4550’ turf to varying quality and quantity of irrigation water. A modified line-source sprinkler irrigation system provided a salinity gradient (EC_w ∼0.6–4.2 dS m⁻¹) in between lines. Irrigation was scheduled in four separate irrigation zones perpendicular to the irrigation lines according to 80, 100, 120, and 140% ET_o. Changes in turf quality (R² = 0.30***), were primarily driven by the number of days that the area had been irrigated with saline water. When data were separated by irrigation amount, both time and water quality accounted for 54% and 46% of the variability (P < 0.001) in quality and cover, respectively at 80% ET_o. A model was created to quantify decline in turf quality in relationship to %ET_o replacement and salinity accumulation in the rootzone (R² = 0.57). Our results suggest that perennial ryegrass requires irrigation scheduling at 140% ET_o, irrigation water quality below EC_w ∼1.7 dS m⁻¹, and EC_e below 3.8 dS m⁻¹ to maintain acceptable quality for 442 d in Riverside, CA.  相似文献   

咸淡水交替灌溉下土壤盐分再分布规律的室内实验研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

管孝艳  杨培岭  吕烨 《农业工程学报》2007,23(5):88-91

咸水灌溉是解决目前淡水资源短缺的重要途径。为寻求合理的咸水农田灌溉方法,进行了不同矿化度和不同灌水模式的室内土柱咸淡水交替灌溉模拟试验,分析了咸淡水交替灌溉条件下土壤溶液电导率(EC)值和钠吸附比(SAR)的变化规律。结果表明：两种灌水模式下,灌水结束时土壤溶液EC值在22.5 cm处达到最高,且4 g/L>2 g/L,且与试验初期相比,土壤溶液EC值明显提高,土柱整体积盐明显。灌水模式对土壤溶液EC值的影响大于矿化度;两种灌水模式不同矿化度处理的SAR值变化规律基本一致。  相似文献   

灌溉水质对土壤化学特征和作物生长的影响   总被引：27，自引：1，他引：27       下载免费PDF全文

肖振华  万洪富  郑莲芬 《土壤学报》1997,34(3):272-285

本文以灌溉水矿化度和钠吸附比为两个主要指标，组合成１６个灌溉水质处理，研究了不同灌溉水质对土壤化学性质和作物生长的影响。初步提出了引起盐害和碱害的灌溉水矿化度和钠吸附比的临界值。研究结果表明，灌溉水带入土壤的盐分在土壤中累积与淋洗交替进行。  相似文献   

Using Organic Matter with Chemical Amendments to Improve Calcareous Sodic Soil     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1-2):205-216

Abstract

Kangping soil in northeast China is a sodic soil characterized by a high pH and excessive sodium. The high pH and excessive sodium in sodic soils generally cause loss of soil structure, reduce hydraulic conductivity (HC), increase soil hardness, and make the soil unproductive land. After we mixed organic matter (rice straw) and chemical amendments (H₂SO₄, CaSO₄, and FeSO₄), a column experiment was conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the soil influenced by the changes in HC, penetrability of soil s`urface, pH, electrical conductivity, CO₃ ^2‐, HCO₃ ^?, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, sodium adsorption rate (SAR), available phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe), and leached P.

Organic matter decreased the concentrations of CO₃ ^2‐, HCO₃ ^?, and Na⁺ in soil solution and increased the total volume of the leachate. Organic matter also reduced the amount of available Fe and increased the available P. However, organic matter did not affect the penetrability of the soil surface as much as soil hardness, HC, and SAR within the short period of this experiment. Among the chemical amendments, H₂SO₄ and FeSO₄ were more effective than CaSO₄ to restore HC, electrical conductivity, Na⁺, and SAR. The chemical amendments, compared with organic matter, significantly leached P from the soil in this study, but the leaching was independent of the concentration of available P in the soil. The CaSO₄ had the strongest effect in increasing leached P from the soil without changing the concentration of available P in the soil. Organic matter with added CaSO₄ leached P from the soil more than all other treatments.  相似文献