Stability of co‐composted hydrochar and biochar under field conditions in a temperate soil          下载免费PDF全文

D. Busch  B. Glaser 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(2):251-258

Hydrothermally converted biomass (hydrochar) is evaluated as a carbon‐rich soil amendment in addition to pyrogenic biochar. After assessing the suitability of hydrochar for use in agriculture, its environmental safety and comparing its chemistry with that of biochar, we describe a field trial established at Halle (Germany) under natural conditions for a temperate climate and without further external management practices. The main objective of our study was to analyse the stability and hence the C sequestration potential of composted chars over a period of 2 years. Four treatments (no amendment control, compost, co‐composted hydrochar and co‐composted biochar) in fourfold field replication were chosen to make a direct comparison of biochar and hydrochar under field conditions. The total organic carbon and total N increased in all treatments in comparison with the control but only in biochar‐amended treatments were N concentrations more stable. Composted biochar showed significantly more black carbon content in topsoil, sampled some months after application, compared with all other treatments. We show that hydrochar is less suitable for long‐term C sequestration in comparison with biochar but has potential for soil amelioration because it delivers essential nutrients. On the other hand, biochar is richer in polyaromatic C than hydrochar and therefore is more stable in the long term. We assessed biochar stability using the black carbon analysis of the different soil samples.  相似文献   

Salt‐Induced Regulation of Some Key Antioxidant Enzymes and Physio‐Biochemical Phenomena in Five Diverse Cultivars of Turnip (Brassica rapa L.)     

Z. Noreen  M. Ashraf  N. A. Akram 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(4):273-285

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to examine the differential morpho‐physiological responses of five cultivars of turnip (Brassica rapa L.) to salt stress. Five diverse cultivars of turnip (shaljum desi surakh, shaljum purple top, shaljum golden bal, neela shaljum, and peela shaljum) were subjected for 6 weeks to varying levels of NaCl, i.e. 0, 80 and 160 mm in Hoagland’s nutrient solution in sand culture. Imposition of varying levels of salt substantially decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll contents, leaf osmotic potential, relative water contents, different gas exchange attributes, total phenolics, malondialdehyde, activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase catalase, and leaf and root K⁺ levels while enhanced the proline contents, membrane permeability, level of H₂O₂, leaf and root Na⁺ and Cl^? and leaf Ca²⁺ in all turnip cultivars under study. Of all cultivars, peela shaljum and neela shaljum were consistently higher in their growth than the other turnip cultivars at all salt concentrations of the growth medium. Photosynthetic capacity (A) and stomatal conductance (g_s) were higher in high biomass‐producing cultivars, i.e. peela shaljum and neela shaljum, which provide to be potential selection criteria of salt tolerance in turnip. However, the regulation of antioxidant system was cultivar‐specific under saline conditions.  相似文献   

Modeling subsurface drainage for salt load management in southeastern Australia     

M. A. S. Wahba  E. W. Christen 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2006,20(2-3):267-282

Subsurface drainage has been implemented in irrigation areas of South-eastern Australia to control water logging and land salinisation. Subsurface drainage has been identified as a major salt exporter from irrigated areas. The water table management simulation model DRAINMOD-S was evaluated to simulate daily water table depth, drain outflow, and salt loads by using experimental field data from a two year field trial was carried out in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area South-eastern Australia to study different options for subsurface drainage system design and management to reduce salt load export. Three subsurface drainage systems were modeled, deep widely spaced pipe drains, shallow closely spaced drains and deep pipe drains that were managed with weirs to prevent flow when the water table fell below 1.2 m. The reliability of the model has been evaluated by comparing observed and simulated values. Good agreement was found between the observed and simulated values. The model confirmed the field observations that shallow drains had the lowest salt load and that by managing deep drains with weirs salt loads could be significantly reduced. This work shows the value of the DRAINMOD-S model in being able to describe various drainage design and management strategies under the semi-arid conditions of South-eastern Australia. The model can now be used to investigate design and management options in detail for different site conditions. This will assist decision makers in providing appropriate subsurface drainage management policies to meet drainage disposal constraints within integrated water resources management planning.  相似文献   

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下苦菜抗氧化系统的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈贵华  石岭  霍秀文  王萍 《长江蔬菜》2015,(8):34-36

以苦菜为试验材料,研究了5 mmol/L水杨酸（SA）预处理后,苦菜幼苗分别在0.6%、0.8%、1.0%NaCl溶液胁迫下5、10、15、20、25 d时抗氧化系统的变化。研究结果表明,5 mmol/L SA处理提高了盐胁迫下苦菜幼苗细胞SOD、POD的活性,抑制了CAT的活性;在盐胁迫处理后10、15 d,苦菜细胞内脯氨酸和H2O2含量分别达到峰值,并显著高于清水对照,说明SA通过诱导H2O2含量增加,提高抗氧化酶活力,缓解盐胁迫伤害,提高苦菜耐盐性。  相似文献   

10个紫花苜蓿品种耐盐性的比较研究   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15  

马春平  崔国文 《种子》2006,25(7):50-53

对10个紫花苜蓿品种种子分别用0%、0.3%、0.7%和1.0%的NaC l溶液进行处理,通过种子发芽率、相对发芽势、幼苗重和幼苗高对各品种种子萌发期耐盐性进行了研究。结果表明:用0.7%或1.0%NaC l溶液性鉴定较为合理;0.7%NaC l溶液处理苜蓿种子,其幼苗重和幼苗高可作为苜蓿品种耐盐的鉴定指标。0.7%、1.0%NaC l溶液处理下,通过测定第3天和第5天各品种种子的发芽势,可以鉴定耐盐性大小。对10个苜蓿品种耐盐性综合研究结果是:龙牧801和巨人201的耐盐性最强,其次是肇东、龙牧803和CW 200;新疆大叶和爱菲尼特的耐盐性最弱。  相似文献   

不同种源地沙枣种子在萌发期的耐盐性比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘晓娟  刘艳  林静  王宇鹏  陈敏 《作物杂志》2015,(3):164-168

沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia L.)是一种耐盐碱、耐干旱、耐贫瘠的木本粮食树种,在我国西北地区广泛种植,因其优良特性,近几年来,人们尝试在盐碱地区和退耕贫瘠地区引种。本研究共收集了11个不同种源地的沙枣种子,分别用不同浓度NaCl(0%、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%和1.2%)处理,统计在不同处理条件下沙枣种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,并利用隶属函数对不同种源地沙枣种子萌发期的耐盐性进行排序。结果表明,11个种源地沙枣萌发期耐盐性由强到弱顺序为:甘肃民勤大果沙枣、甘肃石羊河大果沙枣、宁夏银北沙枣、新疆大果沙枣、新疆吐鲁番大果沙枣、新疆吐鲁番沙枣、甘肃金昌沙枣、宁夏陶乐沙枣、甘肃临泽沙枣、甘肃民勤沙枣、宁夏中宁沙枣。并选出适于在黄河三角洲引种的甘肃石羊河大果沙枣、新疆吐鲁番沙枣和宁夏陶乐沙枣。  相似文献   

盐胁迫对燕麦种子萌发期蛋白质组影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王霞霞  李龑  唐杰伟  欧阳灿彬  朱德建  徐智明 《华北农学报》2015,(3)

为探析盐胁迫下燕麦种子萌发时蛋白质的差异表达及其相关生理功能分析,比较了燕麦在不同浓度氯化钠溶液处理下种子的萌发及幼苗生长能力,然后采用二维凝胶电泳结合基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱的蛋白质组学方法分析种子在0和1%氯化钠溶液处理种子萌发时的蛋白质组差异表达。结果表明:随着盐胁迫的加剧,燕麦种子的萌发力和成苗率降低。蛋白质组分析显示:1%氯化钠溶液处理使得燕麦种子蛋白质组二维凝胶中11个蛋白质点表达发生变化,其中10个蛋白质点表达量上调。质谱鉴定得到3个可靠蛋白,分别为:燕麦蛋白、燕麦蛋白N9和蛋白质二硫键异构酶。这些蛋白的差异表达可能与盐分胁迫下燕麦种子萌发的生理活动有关联。  相似文献   

灌水量对大麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量的影响     

靳正忠  李东广  齐军仓  曹连莆 《种子》2007,26(10):18-20

研究在大田条件下灌水量对大麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量的影响。结果表明:不同灌水量对大麦籽粒蛋白质性状的效应不明显;品种与灌水量的互作对大麦籽粒醇溶蛋白的作用达到显著水平;不同品种间在蛋白质及其各组分含量上均有不同程度的差异。说明大麦籽粒蛋白质性状的水分生理不敏感,对水分条件的适应性较强。  相似文献   

棉花植株和花粉耐盐性的鉴定   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16  

沈法富  尹承佾 《作物学报》1997,23(5):620-625

本研究对８个耐盐性不同的棉花品种（系），利用水培的方法对其整体植株进行了耐盐性鉴定，利用液滴培养技术对其花粉的耐盐性进行了鉴定，并分析了棉花整体植株和花粉耐盐性的相关性，结果表明，在水培盐胁迫条件下，棉花叶片总面积和叶片鲜重减少的百分数是反映棉花整体植株耐盐性的指标。在液滴培养盐胁迫条件下，棉花花粉粒萌发的百分率是反映其耐盐性的可靠指标，而花粉管的长度不能反映棉花的耐盐性。棉花整体植株的耐盐性和花  相似文献   

转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因马铃薯的抗旱耐盐性     

张宁  司怀军  栗亮  杨涛  张春凤  王蒂 《作物学报》1963,35(6):1146-1150

通过根癌农杆菌介导法将甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因导入马铃薯栽培品种甘农薯2号, 经PCR、Southern杂交和Northern杂交证明BADH基因已整合到马铃薯基因组中并在转基因植株中转录和表达。测定表明对照植株没有BADH酶活性, 各转化株系在胁迫前后BADH酶活性近似, 在2~11 U之间。BADH酶活性与叶片的相对电导率呈一定的负相关(y= –3.7738x+57.083, r=0.989^**)。在NaCl和PEG胁迫下, 转基因植株生长正常, 株高比对照提高0.41~1.00 cm, 单株重量比对照增加10%~35%, 说明外源BADH基因的导入提高了马铃薯植株对干旱和盐碱的抗性。  相似文献