覆膜与直播早熟马铃薯不同耕层的地温测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫志山  杨骥  范有君  李月红 《黑龙江农业科学》2007,(2):18-20

对覆膜与直播种植方式下早熟马铃薯进行了不同耕层地温的连续测定.结果发现:覆盖地膜后,在早熟马铃薯生长前期具有明显的增高地温作用.覆膜可使5 cm和10 cm土层地温,在4月10～30日间,平均每天分别提高26.4%和37.3%;5月份,平均每天分别提高8.1%和16.2%;到了生长后期,由于植株的遮挡,覆膜的增温作用逐渐减弱,基本不存在因覆膜使耕层土壤增温过高,抑制块茎增长的弊端.  相似文献   

秸秆覆盖下旱作水稻的生长发育特征研究   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

盛海君  周春霖  沈其荣  徐阳春  封克 《中国水稻科学》2004,18(1):53-58

通过半腐解秸秆覆盖旱作、地膜覆盖旱作、裸地旱作比较试验,研究了在田间覆盖条件下旱作水稻的生长发育以及产量形成特征。结果表明,在水稻生长期,降雨量为440 mm条件下,与其他旱作相比,采用半腐解秸秆覆盖,水稻生育前期植株个体生长受到一定抑制,但生育中后期有利于水稻植株的生长发育,分蘖成穗率较高,冠层叶长,叶面积大,光合功能强,每穗结实粒数多,粒重大,产量高。  相似文献   

高效环保地膜多年应用对青花菜生长发育的影响     

牛芬菊  杨海兴  崔银花 《蔬菜》2020,(1):16-20

为了减少普通地膜连年使用造成的农田白色污染,为蔬菜生产选择高效环保地膜提供参考,以"耐寒优秀"青花菜为试材,研究高效环保地膜连续使用多年对青花菜生长发育的影响。结果表明:高效环保地膜连续使用3~4年,青花菜产量略有减少,但差异不显著;青花菜生长发育与对照普通黑色地膜和银灰色地膜2个处理没有明显差异;土壤容重有所降低;除草效果好于对照地膜,且回收容易,不易撕裂,没有残留,可以作为普通地膜的替代品。  相似文献   

基于环流形势及地面要素分析不同类型沙尘特征     

纪源 《现代农业科技》2019,(14)

应用2006—2015年地面观测资料、micaps常规天气图资料对辽宁西部锦州地区偏南大风和偏北大风型沙尘天气的环流形势及地面要素特征进行对比分析。结果表明,锦州市沙尘天气以扬沙为主,根据风向可分为偏南大风型和偏北大风型,偏北大风型沙尘发生时均受冷空气东移南下影响,850 hPa锋区迅速东移南压,偏北风风速20 m/s以上,冷平流显著;偏南大风型500 h Pa锦州地区受高空槽前西南气流或中纬度较为平直的偏西气流控制,850 hPa受温度脊控制,暖平流明显,对流层低层干燥且升温显著,风力加大,大气层结为中性或弱不稳定;偏南大风型沙尘风力和相对湿度明显大于偏北大风型,伴随强烈的正变温和负变压,偏北大风型以负变温和正变压为主。  相似文献   

Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Soil Salinity after Different Durations of Plastic Film-based Mulching in a Drip-irrigated Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Field in Southern Xinjiang,China     

Deng Fangning  Zumilaiti Tuergan  Lin Tao  Kong Song  Dilibaier Dilimaimaiti  Wu Fengquan  Tang Qiuxiang 《棉花学报》2019,31(5):448-458

[Objective] Plastic film-based mulching is widely used to improve water harvesting and crop productivity in semiarid areas. It is also extensively used for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in inland northwestern China, especially in temperature-and rainfall-limited areas. However, it is unclear whether the technology can sustainably maintain the soil water level and salt balance. The primary objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to determine whether different durations of plastic film-based mulching influenced temporal and spatial variations in soil salinity in drip-irrigated cotton fields; and (ii) to determine the optimum duration for plastic film-based mulching. [Method] We imposed six treatments, plastic film-based mulching continuously for 40, 55, 70, 85, and 100 d, as well as a control (CK) for the whole growth period, in drip-irrigated cotton fields in the oasis of southern Xinjiang. [Result] The mean soil water content in the 0–80-cm layers increased as the plastic film-based mulching duration increased. Compared with CK, the soil water content decreased from 14.5% to 7.5% from 40 d to 85 d, and the soil water content of the 100-d film mulching treatment was 4.4% greater than that of the CK. The average soil salt content increased as the plastic film-based mulching duration decreased, and there was a greater influence on the 0–40-cm soil layer than on the 60–80-cm soil layer. The longer the film mulching duration, the greater the salt suppression effect. However, after a plastic film-based mulching duration of more than 100 d, the moisture preservation and salt suppression began to decline. [Conclusion] The 85-d to 100-d period in which salt suppression was associated with plastic film-based mulching approximately covers the whole cotton growth period. These results provide a theoretical basis for the control of soil salinization and for maintaining high yields in the cotton fields of Xinjiang.  相似文献   

Seasonal differences in climatic controls of vegetation growth in the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Region of China     

Lishan SHAN 《干旱区科学》2018,10(6):850-863

Launched in 2002, the Beiing-Tianjin Sand Source Control Project (BTSSCP) is an ecological restoration project intended to prevent desertification in China. Evidence from multiple sources has confirmed increases in vegetation growth in the BTSSCP region since the initiation of this project. Precipitation and essential climate variable-soil moisture (ECV-SM) conditions are typically considered to be the main drivers of vegetation growth in this region. Although many studies have investigated the inter-annual variations of vegetation growth, few concerns have been focused on the annual and seasonal variations of vegetation growth and their climatic drivers, which are crucial for understanding the relationships among the climate, vegetation, and human activities at the regional scale. Based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from MODIS and the corresponding climatic data, we explored the responses of vegetation growth to climatic factors at annual and seasonal scales in the BTSSCP region during the period 2000-2014. Over the study region as a whole, NDVI generally increased from 2000 to 2014, at a rate of 0.002/a. Vegetation growth is stimulated mainly by the elevated temperature in spring, whereas precipitation is the leading driver of summer greening. In autumn, positive effects of both temperature and precipitation on vegetation growth were observed. The warming in spring promotes vegetation growth but reduces ECV-SM. Summer greening has a strong cooling effect on land surface temperature. These results indicate that the ecological and environmental consequences of ecological restoration projects should be comprehensively evaluated.  相似文献   

自然降雨条件下秸秆还田对巢湖流域旱地氮磷流失的影响   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

王静  郭熙盛  王允青 《中国生态农业学报》2010,18(3):492-495

本文通过野外径流小区观测试验,开展了自然降雨条件下秸秆覆盖对巢湖流域旱地地表径流、泥沙和氮磷流失影响的研究。试验结果表明,秸秆覆盖能有效减少地表径流量、侵蚀产沙量以及因地表径流引起的土壤氮磷流失。在整个玉米生长期间,秸秆覆盖小区的总产流量与产沙量比传统耕作小区分别减少30.47%和22.88%,表现出显著的水土保持作用。与传统耕作小区相比,秸秆覆盖小区随地表径流迁移的氮、磷流失总量分别降低27.42%和32.29%,但秸秆覆盖对径流中氮磷浓度的影响却不明显。溶解态氮是氮素流失的主要形态,颗粒态磷是磷素流失的主要形态。秸秆覆盖可以作为源头控制农业面源污染的较好措施之一加以推广。  相似文献   

地膜覆盖对贵州威宁地区烤烟种植的影响     

周勇 《北京农业》2012,(30):25

分别研究了3种种植方法下对烤烟品质和产量的影响,这3种种植方法是不覆盖地膜、只覆盖35 d的地膜以及全生育期都覆盖地膜。  相似文献   

Effects of Water-Collecting and -Retaining Techniques on Photosynthetic Rates, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Millet Grown in a Semiarid Region     

WEN Xiao-xia  ZHANG De-qi  LIAO Yun-cheng  JIA Zhi-kuan  JI Shu-qin 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2012,11(7):1119-1128

Field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to study the effects of plastic ridges and furrow film mulching (plastic film on sowing,as well as plastic film on flat soil and hole sowing) and chemi...  相似文献   

浅析日本鸟取沙丘的研究与利用     

王月婵  李智尧  严雪燕 《林业资源管理》2012,(3):138-140

日本鸟取沙丘是日本的三大沙丘之首,多年来作为珍贵的研究对象被人们开发和利用。日本鸟取县建立了鸟取干燥地研究中心,以沙丘为研究对象,研究并解决日本、中国以及其他国家的干旱沙漠化问题,研究成果丰富。薤白种植的推广实现了经济效益和环境效益相辅相成的共通发展。鸟取沙丘同时也是重要的旅游资源,作为日本稀有的天然沙丘受到保护,供人们观赏体验。  相似文献