黄土高原半湿润农作区春玉米土壤环境和产量对种植方式的响应     

邓浩亮  张恒嘉  田建良  肖让  张永玲  李福强  王玉才 《水土保持学报》2019,33(5):257-265

为探讨黄土高原半湿润易旱区不同种植方式对土壤水热环境及春玉米生长动态变化,于2017—2018年在甘肃华亭农技推广中心开展田间定位试验,设平地全膜覆盖(WM)、平地半膜覆盖(HM)、隔沟覆膜垄播(MRM)、全膜双垄沟播(WRF)、秸秆覆盖(SM)和露地平播(CK)6种种植方式,测定分析了春玉米各生育时期土层剖面水热状况、作物生长特征及收获期作物产量与构成因子。结果表明:覆盖种植方式对土壤温度的调节主要表现在苗期,地膜覆盖处理较CK具有增温效应,全生育期土壤平均增温1.44～2.62℃,而SM表现为降温效应,平均降温0.51℃;MRM、WRF、HM和SM在春玉米整个生育期内保墒效果显著,而WM不利于降水收集,仅在春玉米生长前期具有保墒效果,而在中后期随作物耗水增加,土壤含水率低于CK;地膜覆盖种植方式较CK均可提高春玉米产量和水分利用效率,其中以WRF和MRM效果最为显著,产量和水分利用效率较CK分别提高32.96%,17.12%和33.45%,18.66%,而SM表现出减产效应,较对照分别降低11.84%和9.93%。综合考虑土壤水热环境、春玉米生长特征、产量、水分利用效率等指标,黄土高原半湿润易旱区最佳种植方式为隔沟覆膜垄播种植方式。研究结果为黄土高原半湿润易旱区合理地选择覆盖耕作措施提供理论依据,同时对农田可持续性具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Recovery of nutrients from the liquid fraction of digestate: Use of enriched zeolite and biochar as nitrogen fertilizers     

Nazl&#x; Pelin Kocatürk-Schumacher  Kor Zwart  Sander Bruun  Lars Stoumann Jensen  Helle Srensen  Lijbert Brussaard 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(2):187-195

The liquid fraction after liquid/solid separation of biogas digestate has a high potential as a fertilizer due to its high nutrient concentration. However, the direct application of digestate in agricultural fields results in practical problems due to its voluminous nature. One solution to this could be to concentrate nutrients onto sorbents such as biochar or zeolites, which can subsequently be used as a fertilizer. This study investigated the ability of biochar and zeolite ‘clinoptilolite' enriched with digestate nutrients to supply nitrogen (N) when used as a fertilizer. A pot experiment with ryegrass was conducted to test the effect of a nutrient‐enriched biochar and clinoptilolite by determining plant biomass growth and N uptake. This included untreated biochar and clinoptilolite as controls and two levels of N application (15 and 45 mg N per pot) each at two initial loading ratios (low and high). Nutrient‐enriched biochar and clinoptilolite increased plant biomass yield (up to 1.02 and 2.39 g per pot) and N uptake (up to 11.23 and 39.94 mg N per pot) compared to the untreated sorbents treatments. Initial loading ratio had a significant effect on plant biomass response and apparent N recovery (ANR) for enriched clinoptilolite, and lower initial loading ratio improved plant growth. In contrast to clinoptilolite, higher initial loading ratio resulted in higher ANR. In conclusion, our results reveal that N released from enriched clinoptilolite and biochar could be taken up by the plants, clinoptilolite performed more effectively than biochar, and initial loading ratio affected the performance of the sorbents when used as a fertilizer.  相似文献   

Architectural and anatomical responses of maize roots to agronomic practices in a semi‐arid environment     

Ai Zhan  Jianliang Liu  Shanchao Yue  Xinping Chen  Shiqing Li  Alexander Bucksch 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(5):751-762

Root architecture and anatomy are important determinants of nitrogen (N) and water acquisition, but they are also environmentally plastic to adapt to N and water availability. Therefore, understanding the relationship between root traits and environmental factors is essential for improving N and water acquisition. A field experiment was conducted in the semi‐arid region of the Loess Plateau in northwestern China to quantify the architectural and anatomical root traits of maize (Zea mays L.) in response to plastic film mulching and N fertilization. We compared four treatments: non‐mulching with and without N supply as well as plastic film mulching with and without N supply. Variation existed for all root architecture and anatomy traits within maize root crowns. Crown and brace root angles to the soil line decreased in response to film mulching and N fertilization. Crown roots under plastic film mulching showed a significantly decreased distance to branching, reduced lateral root length, and overall increased root diameter. Similarly, N application significantly decreased the distance to branching, yet induced more compact and denser crown roots, and increased the root diameter. Brace roots exhibited an increased distance to branching, greater lateral root length and density, as well as a larger root diameter in response to plastic film mulching and N fertilization. Additionally, the accumulated number of nodal roots increased greatly under plastic film mulching and N treatments. At the anatomical level, N application reduced the proportion of the root cortical aerenchyma area. In contrast, aerenchyma area, cortex cell size, and late metaxylem vessel diameter were increased as a result of plastic film mulching. These results demonstrate root architectural and anatomical traits respond to mulching practices and N fertilization.  相似文献   

北方干旱地区刺槐覆膜播种育苗效果研究     

冯志海 《防护林科技》2019,(6):52-53,68

为了提高我国北方干旱地区刺槐播种育苗效果,在播种育苗中设置了覆膜试验,比较覆膜后的种子出苗情况及苗木生长情况,结果表明:与未覆膜的刺槐处理相比,覆膜处理下的出苗率有所提高,达98.23%,比未覆膜的高19.3个百分点,差异达极显著水平;出苗时间比未覆膜提前2d;苗木的高、胸径及地径生长更旺盛,优质苗比例更高;越冬后覆膜处理的刺槐苗木抽干率比未覆膜的降低了25.33个百分点。  相似文献   

沙丘小气侯对沙地环境作用的综述     

崔学明  闫洁  陈友君  李绍良  韩鹏 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,29(4)

传统的沙地治理上,忽略了沙丘的环境资源的作用,往往把沙丘作为治理对象,利用各种措施把其拉平。沙丘是风作用于流沙的结果,沙丘形成后,成为风障,使风的强度下降,方向改变,这不仅使风的剥蚀作用下降,甚至消失;而且气流携带流沙的能力下降,流沙在沙丘的下风向下降沉积,沙丘增大,阻沙作用增强(正反馈作用)。所以说沙丘是风制风障、沙成沙阻,是沙区防风固沙的重要资源。沙丘还改变地表的小气候,使热量,温度及蒸散条件发生分异,为植被的多样性创造了条件,沙丘的阴坡比地带偏冷润,阳坡比地带偏干热,这是沙地非地带性植被形成及植物非地带性分布的根本原因。调查发现浑善达克沙地东段,维持乔灌木生存的水分主要来源于2m左右的土层,所以这些乔灌木能在草原地区生存主要是沙丘为其提供了逃避干旱胁迫的条件。因此沙丘是很好的环境资源条件。  相似文献   

雷竹覆盖栽培林地土壤微生物的初步研究   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  

董林根  姜小娟 《浙江林学院学报》1998,15(3):236-239

用平板菌落计数法分析了雷竹覆盖保护地土壤微生物数量。结果表明,使用有机物料覆盖的雷竹林土壤的微生物数量显著增加。３个覆盖处理（竹叶、砻糠和稻草）林地微生物总数是对照的３０￣６０倍,其中细菌增加幅度最大,竹叶和砻糠处理的变化幅度要明显大于稻草。  相似文献   

沛县沙土地刺槐新无性系造林对比试验   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

尹建允  王本亚 《江苏林业科技》1998,25(4):35-37

１９９２年引进刺槐新无性系２３个在沛县沙土地进行造林对比试验。经５ａ系统观测,初步选出生长快、抗性强、适应性广、适宜当地推广造林的鲁刺７３０１０、鲁刺７３０６３、鲁刺７３０２９、鲁刺超１及鲁刺任堂等５个品种。  相似文献   

毛乌素沙地臭柏种子产量及更新的初步研究   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

王林和  张国盛  董智 《林业科学》1998,34(6):105-112

臭柏（Ｓａｂｉｎａｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ）又名叉子园柏、沙地柏等,柏科,园柏属,常绿匍匐针叶灌木。臭柏主要分布在温带大陆性干旱、半干旱区的山地、黄土丘陵及沙地上。臭柏以其适应范围广、枝叶茂密、萌芽和萌蘖能力强、枝条沙埋或触地后即可萌发不定根等特性,不断扩大...  相似文献   

运城地区地膜小麦栽培技术研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

齐宏立  池玉亮 《山西农业科学》1998,26(1):11-15

3年研究资料表明,小麦地膜覆盖,发挥了以节水效应为主导的增温效应、光能效应和促根效应,因而植株表现为生理功能增强,生育进程加快,灌浆速度提高,粒重增加,穗粒数增多,根系扩大,根际土壤微生物增多。采用覆膜穴播的方式,在旱地,较对照增产小麦856．5kg／hm2,增产率为21．1％,小麦耗水量0．926mm／kg,较对照减少16．7％;在水地,较传统对照增产小麦342－417kg／hm2,增产率为7．7％－11．1％。  相似文献   

Revegetation of mining spoils by seeding of woody species on Ghiona Mountain,central Greece     

G. Brofas  G. Karetsos 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2002,13(6):461-467

The reforestation potential of calcareous bauxite mining spoils by seeding was examined on experimental plot established at Strofi Koukouvista 5, Mount Ghiona in Central Greece. The experiment consists of three species (Pinus nigra, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Spartium junceum) with four sowing treatments and two sowing seasons (autumn and spring). The treatments were: broadcasting (B); broadcasting and soil cultivation (BC); broadcasting with straw mulching and straw binding with asphalt emulsion (BM); broadcasting with soil cultivation, straw mulching and straw binding with asphalt emulsion (BCM). In all cases sowing in spring was better than in autumn. Only Spartium junceum has germinated and survived in autumn, but less than in spring. The most effective treatments for Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus nigra are BM and BCM while for Spartium junceum even simple broadcasting shows good results although the best are achieved with treatments BC, BM and BCM. The findings show that reforestation by sowing could be effective for some species, but further experimentation with other species and methods is recommended. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献