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LI Shi-dong 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2004,3(6)
A field under rice-wheat rotation was selected near Chengdu, China, to study the population of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 1 (AG-l), pathogen causing rice sheath blight disease, in natural soil ecosystem. Inocula of the fungus recovered from the field were divided into three types, i.e., sclerotia, free mycelium retained in the soil passed through a 0.355mm sieve, and colonized plant debris which was subdivided into small colonized debris retained between 2.00 and 0.355mm sieves and large colonized debris retained on 2.00mm sieve after wet screening. Quantitative estimation of the three types of inocula in one year indicated that small colonized debris was the dominant inoculum type for most of the time. The population peaked in March and September at 1 210and 480 colonized debris 100 g-1 air-dry soil respectively, and fell down in December and August to 0 and 177 colonized debris 100 g-1 air-dry soil respectively. Free mycelium was only detectable in March, September and October with 1 209, 7.9 and 14.5 μg fresh wt myceliumg-1 air-dry soil respectively, which corresponded to the two peaks and the second highest level of small debris density in the year. Viable sclerotia and large colonized debris were rare with populations ranging from 0 to 3 for sclerotia and 0 to 14 for large colonized debris 100 g-1 air-dry soil, but were the main structures to survive over winter. It was expected that soil temperature was the main factor determining population dynamics of R.solani AG-1 in natural soil. Optimum temperature for population increasing is predicted to be around 15℃, with a range from 10 to 25℃. Viability tests indicated that 60.9% sclerotia could survive after 265 d being buried in natural sandy loam in field conditions in Beijing, while colonized rice straw debris (0.5 - 1.0 cm long) could not yield the fungus on medium plates after 88d of being buried under the same conditions. 相似文献
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Summary Only 10% of sclerotia germinated in a tarpcovered plot after 45 days of treatment while 50% of sclerotia germinated in the control plot. However, complete inhibition of sclerotia germination was not achieved. The maximum temperature recorded was 53°C, after 45 days of treatment in a tarped plot at 1 cm depth. The incidence of Acrophialophora fusispora, Aspergillus spp., Spicaria sp., and Trichoderma viride increased in soil after 45 days of the solar treatment. 相似文献
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Sclerotia are the primary over wintering inoculum of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. The effects of tillage on the primary inoculum are not well understood. The purpose of this research was to study sclerotial viability over time and between burial depths in soil, to identify bacteria colonizing and degrading the sclerotia, and determine whether these bacteria may be utilized as biological control agents. Correlation analysis indicated that a significant negative relationship existed between sclerotial viability and elapsed temporal factors (R2=−0.68, P<0.0001), and depth of burial (R2=−0.58, P<0.0001). After twelve months, sclerotia on the soil surface had the highest viability (57.5%), followed by those at the 5 cm depth (12.5%), and only 2.5% of those placed at the 10 cm depth remained viable. A significant negative relationship between sclerotial viability and bacterial populations also existed (R2=−0.60, P<0.0001). Two hundred and sixty-eight bacteria were isolated from sclerotia, 29 of which showed strong in vitro antagonism to the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum. Biodiversity of the inhibitory bacterial isolates was minimal on sclerotia from the soil surface and within all depths sampled at three months (i.e. in January). All burial depths within the April and July sampling dates produced bacterial diversities that were distinct from each other. 相似文献
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J. M. Whipps S. Sreenivasaprasad S. Muthumeenakshi C. W. Rogers M. P. Challen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(3):323-330
The use of the sclerotial mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans as a biological control agent of diseases caused by sclerotium-forming pathogens especially Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is briefly reviewed. A number of studies have examined production and application methods, integrated control, ecology, and
modes of action in order to understand the biology of the mycoparasite and enhance activity and reproducibility of use. Recently,
development of a number of molecular-based techniques has begun to allow the examination of genes involved in mycoparasitism.
Some of these procedures have been applied to identify pathogenicity genes involved in the infection of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum by C. minitans and this work is discussed. 相似文献
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研究冬虫夏草子实体的生长发育和形成规律,为冬虫夏草人工培殖及资源保护提供理论依据。将老熟待僵化的幼虫,在不同温度、基质含水量和光照条件下培殖,观察子实体形成与伸展情况。研究表明,子实体分化与形成需要0℃左右低温刺激,变温有利于子实体的形成;子实体的生长还需要有充足的水分及高湿环境,在子实体生长期间,应保持基质含水量为60%~80%,相对湿度95%~100%为宜;微弱的光照都能诱导子实体产生,子实体有向光性生长的特性。环境因子对冬虫夏草子实体形成及伸展具有重要作用。 相似文献
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拮抗油菜菌核病菌的链霉菌分离筛选与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从甘肃省河西走廊改良后的盐碱地分离链霉菌用于油菜菌核病菌的拮抗研究,并对拮抗菌进行鉴定。分离得到10株不同菌落形态的链霉菌,其中有2菌株对油菜菌核病有拮抗作用,编号Ⅲ22-3-3和Ⅲ22-3-12。与油菜菌核病进行对峙培养结果发现,Ⅲ22-3-3和Ⅲ22-3-12抑菌圈直径分别为1.2和0.9cm;离体叶菌丝接种试验表明,Ⅲ22-3-3和Ⅲ22-3-12对油菜菌核病菌的防治效果分别达63.5%和49.1%;Ⅲ22-3-12能在油菜菌核上定殖并寄生分解菌核,同对照相比菌核萌发率下降18.2%;通过形态培养特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA鉴定表明,Ⅲ22-3-3为产水链霉菌(Streptomyces hydrogenans),Ⅲ22-3-12为球孢链霉菌(Streptomyces globisporus)。
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将青霉PT95菌株发育成熟的菌核在不同环境条件下保存,结果发现:黑暗、低温、氮气、pH 6~8条件下有利于菌核内类胡萝卜素保持稳定。6种金属离子中,Fe3+、Fe2+、Al3+对类胡萝卜素稳定性影响最大,Mn2+的影响最小。氧化剂H2O2对PT95菌核中类胡萝卜素稳定性的影响不大,而还原剂Na2SO3的影响较大。 相似文献
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