Life-history variation in perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in five neighbouring Norwegian lakes     

E. Heibo  L. A. Vøllestad 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2002,11(4):270-280

Abstract – We have studied the population dynamics and reproductive biology of perch ( Perca fluviatilis L.) from five neighbouring lakes in Norway. The lakes vary in water quality, varying from strongly acidified (pH≤5.0) to not acidified (pH≥6.0). Estimated annual survival rates did not differ among populations. There was no strong relationship between age at maturity in female perch and acidification. However, age at maturity was lower for female perch from the most acidic lake ( c . 2 years) compared with perch in the four other lakes (2.5–3.5 years). There was no relationship between acidification level and size-adjusted egg size, fecundity or reproductive investment (Gonadosomatic index – GSI). Perch in the most acidified lake showed large variation in egg size, the lowest length-specific fecundity, the highest GSI, and the lowest age at maturity. Environmental stress, such as acidification, induces a number of changes to a lake community. It is therefore difficult to predict how acidification will influence the population dynamics and reproductive biology of a perch population.  相似文献   

东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼食物组成的季节变化及随发育的变化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

贺舟挺  张亚洲  薛利建  金海卫  周永东 《海洋渔业》2012,34(3):270-276

根据2006年7月～2008年12月采集于东海北部近海的棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)样品,共测定体长在23～157 mm范围内的棘头梅童鱼474 ind,应用卡方检验和聚类分析等方法,对棘头梅童鱼食物组成的季节变化及随个体发育的变化进行了分析。结果显示:东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼的食物种类夏季出现较多,春季出现较少;91～110 mm体长组出现较多,≤50 mm体长组和>130 mm体长组出现较少。食物多样性指数春季较高,秋季较低;≤50 mm体长组较低,>130 mm体长组较高,食物多样性指数随体长的增加而升高。卡方检验显示,棘头梅童鱼主要食物种类宽尾刺糠虾(Acanthomysis latiscauda)、中国毛虾(Aceteschinensis)、七星底灯鱼(Myctophum pterotum)和中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)的出现频率有极显著的季节变化,中华假磷虾(Pseudeuphausia sinica)的出现频率有显著的季节变化;宽尾刺糠虾和七星底灯鱼的出现频率随体长的变化极显著,而中国毛虾、中华假磷虾和中华哲水蚤的出现频率随体长的变化不显著。聚类分析结果表明,棘头梅童鱼春冬季、夏季和秋季三个时期的食物组成差异显著;体长聚类分两组,即体长>70 mm和≤70mm之间食物组成有明显差异。通过分析发现:东海北部近海棘头梅童鱼食物的季节变化与该海域饵料生物的季节变化密切相关;食物组成随发育的变化符合"最佳摄食理论",其饵料生物种类和大小随棘头梅童鱼体长的增加发生了显著的变化。  相似文献   

虹鳟不同养殖群体形态性状变异的初步研究     

谷伟  王炳谦  高会江 《水产学杂志》2007,20(2):12-17

本文采用鱼类形态度量学和框架度量学相结合的方法，对五个不同虹鳟养殖群体（1．渤海群体2．丹麦群体3．道氏群体4．挪威群体5．加州群体）20个比例性状进行了主成分分析，结果表明：虹鳟的形态指标大致可归纳为“大小因子”、“摄食因子”、“游泳因子”、“形态因子”和“头型因子”能较完整（82．66％）地描写虹鳟的外形特征；道氏以外的4个虹鳟群体的形态学特征存在较大的相似性，道氏群体与其他4个虹鳟群体的形态差异较大；通过比较其形态性状以便评估其种内的变异以及各个性状伴随着生长而产生的变化，为今后虹鳟的选育方案设计及选择应答的预测提供参考。  相似文献   

Genetic variability in meiotic gynogenetic muskellunge,Esox masquinongy (Mitchell), estimated from segregation of microsatellite alleles          下载免费PDF全文

Benjamin J Reading  Paul S Wills  Roy C Heidinger  Edward J Heist 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(9):2705-2715

Muskellunge, Esox masquinongy, is an important recreational freshwater fish native to North America. Since muskellunge populations are often maintained through stocking efforts, advances in muskellunge reproductive technologies are of direct relevance to fishery enhancement. We evaluated the efficiency of inbreeding through induced meiotic diploid gynogenesis. Eggs from six female muskellunge were manually stripped and activated using ultra violet‐irradiated yellow perch, Perca flavescens, sperm. Hydrostatic pressure shocking regimes (48 263 kPa) were then applied to the eggs to prevent second polar body expulsion producing unambiguous meiotic gynogens. Six female dams and samples of 12–20 of their gynogenetic progeny were genotyped at seven polymorphic microsatellite loci. Chromosomal recombination frequencies of microsatellite loci based on retention of heterozygosity among gynogens ranged from 0.043 to 0.839 (0.576 ± 0.237). There were no statistical differences in recombination frequency among females at any of the loci. The average inbreeding coefficient (F‐value) ranged from 0.581 to 0.979, equivalent to three to fourteen generations of full‐sibling crosses respectively. The average F‐value overall was 0.712, equivalent to between five and six generations of full‐sibling crosses. Centromere map distances of the seven microsatellite loci ranged from 2.15 to 41.95 cM and meiotic gynogenesis was useful in eliminating heterozygosity at loci proximal to the centromere, but not distal. Since the age at maturity of female muskellunge is approximately 5 years, gynogenesis may pose an expeditious alternative to traditional breeding strategies for creation of homozygous pedigrees for some loci that may be outcrossed to introduce positive heterozygosity effects in the offspring.  相似文献   

Diurnal variations in hypothalamic monoamine levels in the teleostChanna punctatus (bloch) in response to melatonin under two photothermal conditions     

I. A. Khan  K. P. Joy 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1988,5(4):187-190

Hypothalamic dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels exhibited marked day-night variations under ambient photoperiod and temperature (12L12D; 17±1°C) with peak values at mid-light phase. The 16L8D; 22±1°C treatment reversed the diurnal rhythm of 5-HT, but not that of DA and NA. However, there was an overall increase in the levels of the catecholamines on exposure to the long photoperiod and high temperature. The administration of melatonin in the fish held on 16L8D; 22±1°C regime restored the 5-HT rhythm to that of the 12L12D; 17±1°C control group, but with elevated mid-photophase value. However, there was no effect of the indole treatment on the 5-HT rhythm under the 12L12D; 17±1°C regime. Melatonin causes a significant reduction of NA level in both the groups, while DA level did not change in either group.  相似文献   

尼罗罗非鱼(♀)×萨罗罗非鱼(♂)杂交F_2与F_3群体遗传特征的微卫星分析     

魏继海  赵金良  吴俊伟  罗明坤  叶卫  符云  陈辉崇 《南方水产科学》2016,(1):30-35

利用罗非鱼第二代遗传连锁图谱中微卫星标记对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)(♀)×萨罗罗非鱼(Sarotherodon melanotheron)(♂)杂交后代F_2、F_3群体遗传特征进行了初步比较分析。结果显示,28对引物中有22对引物能有效扩增,未观察到杂交后代F_2、F_3中有多倍体个体现象。筛选出7个在尼萨罗非鱼杂交后代F_2、F_3群体中存在差异的位点。杂交F_2群体平均等位基因(Na)为2.71,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.466,平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.632;杂交F_3群体平均Na为2.14,平均PIC为0.370,平均Ho为0.432,杂交F_3遗传杂合性较杂交F_2降低。F_2自繁F_3过程中,F_3群体4个位点的等位基因与F_2完全相同,3个位点的等位基因少于F_2,且F_3群体在2个位点出现完全纯合,杂交F_3群体位点等位基因呈现纯合趋势。研究结果为尼萨罗非鱼杂交世代遗传变异与杂交利用积累基础资料。  相似文献   

草海高原湿地湖泊水质时空变化及水质分区研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周晨  喻理飞  蔡国俊  安苗  夏品华 《水生态学杂志》2016,37(1):24-30

针对草海水质污染状况,开展水质季节变化特征研究,为草海湿地污染治理及保护提供依据。在草海湿地湖泊设置了15个采样点,于2014年8月、11月和2015年1月、4月,分4季进行水样采集。以所测水质参数为基础,运用水质综合评价和GIS空间分析方法,研究草海湿地水环境质量时空变化,并基于营养状态对湖泊水体进行了分区。研究表明:(1)草海TP、TN、CODMn、Chl-a 4种主要水质指标浓度在春季高于其他3个季节,浓度分别达到0.03、0.98、6.30和0.025 mg/L,空间分布呈现由东至西逐渐降低的趋势,草海入水口及码头区域要明显高于湖泊其他区域。(2)草海湖泊营养状态为中营养级别,按4个季度的综合营养状态指数(TLI)平均值分为3个区域,A区为东北角入水口及西海游客码头,长年处于富营养状态,为富营养状态区,53.9≤TLI≤63.0,水质处于Ⅳ与Ⅴ类等级;B区为临近县城及入水口区域,季节性富营养状态,为中营养状态区,41.2≤TLI≤46.6;C区为草海湖泊中心延续到阳关山的下游出水口区域,为贫中营养状态区,35.8≤TLI≤39.7;B区和C区水质全年为Ⅲ类等级。(3)各区域主要污染物指标以Chl-a、TN为主,A区形成的主因是城市污水注入,B区形成的主因是农业面源污染。控制城市污水和农药、化肥施用量是治理草海湖泊水环境的重要途径。  相似文献   

基于流域生物资源保护的水库生态调度   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

许可  周建中  顾然  覃辉 《水生态学杂志》2009,30(2):134-138

阐述了流域水电开发对流域生物资源的影响途径:通道阻隔、水库淹没、径流调节、水温变化等,探讨了流域水电开发对河流连续性、河道洪枯过程、库区生境等生态功能的影响方式.结合三峡水利枢纽工程实例,针对宜昌断面基于流域生物资源保护的流量要求,建立了以水电站发电效益最大为目标的长期优化调度模型,并采用差分进化法进行优化求解,获得了相应的水电站水库调度出流过程,并在此基础上采取人造洪峰、提高下泄水温等生态修复方式保护流域生物资源.建议水库运行调度应在考虑工程功能的同时,兼顾下游及水库的生态功能,以达到流域水资源开发与保护流域健康的生态系统相协调的目的.  相似文献   

流溪河保护区鱼类群落结构及其时空变动     

吴倩  李潮  高天扬  李炜  张雯君  王俊杰  赵俊 《水产科学》2020,39(2):234-244

为了解流溪河光倒刺鲃国家级水产种质资源保护区鱼类群落结构,分析不同河段、不同季节鱼类群落多样性的变化,于2017年12月-2018年10月对保护区上、中、下游的鱼类开展了每个季度一次的调查。调查结果显示,共采集鱼类57种,隶属于5目14科50属,其中鲤形目43种、鲈形目6种、鲇形目5种,合鳃鱼目2种,鳉形目1种;计算57种鱼类的相对重要性指数,结果显示,尼罗罗非鱼、越南■及鲤鱼为2017-2018年度优势种;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数计算结果显示,下游鱼类群落的多样性及均匀度最高,夏季鱼类群落的多样性、丰富度及均匀度最高;各监测点之间的种类相似性系数显示,保护区上中游、上下游之间鱼类种类组成为中等不相似,中下游种类组成为中等相似,春夏、春冬、夏冬及夏秋季节鱼类种类组成为中等不相似,春秋、秋冬季节为中等相似;ABC分析结果显示,春、夏及冬季鱼类群落处于稳定状态,秋季处于中度干扰状态。  相似文献   

我国五个青蛤地理群体遗传变异的RAPD分析   总被引：17，自引：6，他引：17  

么宗利  周凯  来琦芳  王慧  夏连军 《海洋渔业》2005,27(2):102-108

本文利用RAPD方法对我国浙江、江苏、辽宁、天津和福建沿海青蛤地理群体的遗传变异和遗传结构进行了分析。从60条随机引物中,筛选出其中12条扩增效果好、条带清晰的引物进行扩增。结果表明,青蛤遗传多样性较丰富,五个群体的多态度在0.249～0.307之间,平均为0.278,按递减依次为江苏>福建>辽宁>浙江>天津;经分子方差分析(AMOVA),10.69%的遗传变异来自于群体间,89.31%来自于群体内,遗传分化除辽宁与江苏、天津群体间不显著外,其它群体间分化显著;根据遗传距离,用UPGMA法进行聚类分析表明,浙江群体与江苏群体,辽宁群体与天津群体分别先聚在一起,最后与福建群体聚类;S11、S424、S228、S4254个引物可以区分这五个青蛤地理种群,作为群体特征标记。  相似文献