In vitro inhibition of glutathione S-transferases by several insecticides and allelochemicals in two moth species     

Fang Tang  Xiubo Zhang  Yusheng Liu  Xiwu Gao  Nannan Liu 《国际虫害防治杂志》2014,60(1):33-38

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important detoxification enzymes in insects. This study examined the inhibitory effects of five insecticides (beta-cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, phoxim, abamectin, acetamiprid) and two plant-derived allelochemicals (quercetin, tannic acid) on GST activity in Micromelalopha troglodyta (Graeser) and Clostera anachoreta (Fabricius). GST activities were suppressed by all the insecticides and allelochemicals tested; the two allelochemicals were the most potent inhibitors, reducing GST activity in vitro in a dosage-dependent manner. Kinetic analyses of GST inhibition by quercetin and tannic acid in M. troglodyta and C. anachoreta suggested biochemical differences in their GSTs.  相似文献   

微胶囊技术在植物源杀虫剂中的应用研究进展     

朱雪晶  ;李雪莲  ;欧阳玲花  ;祝水兰  ;刘光宪  ;冯健雄 《江西植保》2014,(2):151-154

对微胶囊技术在植物源杀虫剂中的应用进行总结,采用微胶囊技术制备植物源杀虫剂可提高其稳定性,通过控制释放时间及释放速度来提高其活性。微胶囊技术也是植物源杀虫剂在实际应用中最能模仿自然植物灭虫过程的技术。  相似文献   

Variation in susceptibility of laboratory and field strains of three stored‐grain insect species to β‐cyfluthrin and chlorpyrifos‐methyl plus deltamethrin applied to concrete surfaces     

Blossom Sehgal  Bhadriraju Subramanyam  Frank H. Arthur  Bikram S. Gill 《Pest management science》2014,70(4):576-587

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Evaluation of candidate systems for mass trapping against Ceratitis spp. on La Réunion island     

I Esther Peñarrubia‐María  Serge Quilici  Chloé Schmitt  L Adriana Escudero‐Colomar 《Pest management science》2014,70(3):448-453

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5种生物农药对水稻褐飞虱的防治效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡娟  花日茂  李世广  林华峰  操海群  胡鹏 《中国农学通报》2010,26(5):239-241

为了明确5种生物农药对水稻褐飞虱的控制效果,以喷雾施药法进行了防治五（3）代褐飞虱低龄若虫的田间试验,结果表明：单用7 d后,以0.5%藜芦碱WP 3000 mL/hm2和4.0×1010孢子/g球孢白僵菌WP 1800 g/hm2制剂用量的杀虫效果较好,分别为78.6%和79.0%,与对照药剂2.5%噻嗪酮WP 600 mL/hm2的防效接近,但单用的速效性较差。而以单用的剂量减半两两混合使用,以球孢白僵菌+ 噻嗪酮防效最高,药后1 d达到65.0%,药后7 d达到87.6%。因此,球孢白僵菌和藜芦碱可以部分替代高毒、高残留的化学农药,用于防治褐飞虱低龄若虫。  相似文献   

Encapsulation for in vitro short-term storage and exchange of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) germplasm     

S. Gopala Sundararaj  Anuradha AgrawalRishi K. Tyagi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Synseeds of ginger (Zingiber officinale) were produced using aseptically proliferated 2-week old encapsulating explants (microshoots) upon complexation of 4% sodium alginate prepared in Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) and 100 mM calcium chloride. Conversion of synseeds into plantlets (conversion) was recorded as 66% and 53% on MS (3% sucrose) and on MS (3% sucrose) + 2.5 mg/l BA media, respectively. However, shoots/synseed were significantly higher on MS (3% sucrose) + 2.5 mg/l BA medium. For short-term storage of germplasm, sucrose-dehydrated synseeds were found better than air-dehydrated or fresh synseeds. Synseeds dehydrated in 0.25 M sucrose liquid medium for 16 h and stored in cryovials (with out medium) at 25 °C for 8 weeks and 12 weeks exhibited 53% and 13% conversion, respectively, on MS (3% sucrose) + 2.5 mg/l BA medium. Plantlets obtained from stored synseeds were hardened, established successfully ex vitro and were morphologically similar to each other as well as their mother plants. This synseed protocol could be useful for short-term storage and exchange of germplasm of ginger between national as well as international laboratories.  相似文献   

苹果果皮、果肉、果核中农药残留量的试验分析     

王英健 《湖北农业科学》2010,49(1)

用正己烷∶丙酮=1∶1(V/V)作提取剂,采用石英毛细管柱,电子捕获检测器,气相色谱法测定苹果果皮、果肉、果核中甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯农药残留量。对苹果果肉试验结果表明,甲氰菊酯的回收率为80.9%～103.6%,RSD为1.30%～5.18%;氯氰菊酯的回收率为86.1%～103.9%,RSD为1.32%～5.01%;氰戊菊酯的回收率为81.3%～102.9%,RSD为2.09%～5.30%;溴氰菊酯的回收率为80.1%～103.8%,RSD为2.43%～6.39%。试验结果表明苹果果皮、果肉、果核中农药残留量相差较大。  相似文献   

Repellency of selected biorational insecticides to potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)     

X.-B. Yang  Y.-M. Zhang  L. Hua  L.-N. Peng  J.E. Munyaneza  J.T. Trumble  T.-X. Liu 《Crop Protection》2010

Bactericera cockerelli has recently become a major concern because of its direct feeding and vectoring of bacterial diseases in many solanaceous crops. The repellency of four biorational insecticides, MOI-201 (a Chinese medicine plant extract), Requiem (a plant extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides), BugOil (a mixture of four plant essential oils), and SunSpray oil (a mineral oil), to B. cockerelli adults was tested on tomato. In a no-choice test, all the insecticides had significant repellency to adults and deterred oviposition as compared with untreated controls. Of the four insecticides, the two oils showed a stronger repellency to adults and deterred oviposition more strongly than Requiem or MOI-201. In a choice test, all insecticides had significant repellency to adults and deterred oviposition compared to untreated controls. Of the four tested insecticides, <1 adults and no eggs were found on the leaves treated with SunSpray Oil, BugOil or Requiem 3 d after treatment. The repellency rates of these three insecticides were 77.2–95.4%. MOI-201 also repelled adults significantly and deterred oviposition compared to untreated controls even though it was the least effective insecticide among the four evaluated. In conclusion, all four insecticides tested showed significant repellency to B. cockerelli adults and deterred oviposition, especially the two oils. The overall repellency to potato psyllid adults can be arranged in a descending order of SunSpray oil > BugOil > Requiem > MOI-201. These insecticides could be used in integrated pest management programs targeted against the potato psyllid on solanaceous crops.  相似文献   

松墨天牛核糖体蛋白（RPS15A）cDNA的克隆及农药胁迫对其表达的影响     

罗淋淋  蔡紫玲  林同 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,44(2):165-171

【目的】研究不同类型农药胁迫下松墨天牛核糖体蛋白基因表达的变化,为靶标防治松树重要害虫松墨天牛提供理论依据和参考。【方法】从构建的松墨天牛cDNA文库中获得表达序列标签(EST),用Blast程序从GenBank数据库中查找同源序列,克隆得到松墨天牛的一个核糖体蛋白基因;用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测11种农药胁迫下该基因的表达。【结果】从松墨天牛cDNA文库中获得1条EST序列与昆虫核糖体蛋白S15A(RPS15A)同源的基因,命名为MaRPS15A。MaRPS15AcDNA长504bp,含有5′、3′非编码区和长393bp的开放阅读框,编码130个氨基酸,预测的蛋白质分子质量为14.75ku,理论等电点为9.95。MaRPS15A与赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum)核糖体蛋白RPS15A的相似性为98%,与其他昆虫核糖体蛋白RPS15A的相似性大于88%。除溴氰菊酯外,其他农药胁迫导致MaRPS15A相对表达量下降。【结论】成功克隆了松墨天牛核糖体蛋白基因MaRPS15A(GenBank登录号:KJ930032)。大多数农药抑制了MaRPS15A的表达,表明松墨天牛受到了不利影响。  相似文献   

人工合成小麦染色体区段在小麦优良新品系中的分布     

王宏霞  陈文杰  曹东  甯顺腙  刘宝龙  张波  张连全  刘登才  张怀刚 《麦类作物学报》2016,36(9):1130-1138

从人工合成六倍体小麦SHW-L1改良后代中选育的5个春小麦新品系,在青海表现出比对照品种高原448更优的农艺性状和产量潜力,推测源于外源物种的野生不良性状被淘汰,保留在新品系中的外源染色体区段可能对遗传改良有贡献。为了了解源自人工合成小麦SHW-L1的外源染色体区段在这5个改良新品系中的分布,利用11 660个具有染色体位置信息的多态性DArTseq标记对这5个改良品系进行了外源染色体区段分析。结果表明,共检测到78个外源染色体区段,其中,65个为源于四倍体小麦的A和B基因组,13个为来自于节节麦的D基因组。24个源于四倍体小麦的外源染色体区段分布于3个以上的品系中,这些区段主要来自于A基因组,其中2A有8个,7A有4个,1A有3个,6A有3个。本研究材料来自于混合选择,不同品系共有的外源染色体区段可能含有对当前育种有价值的重要基因位点或基因簇,这样的区段将是下一步关注的重点。  相似文献