棉秆生物炭对大丽轮枝菌生长及毒素作用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马云艳  顾美英  徐万里  王东胜  孙跃跃  薛泉宏 《干旱地区农业研究》2015,33(5):217-224

棉花黄萎病难以防治的根源在于大丽轮枝菌Verticillium dahliae Kleb在土壤中形成的微菌核能抵抗不良环境,并在土壤中长期存活,将棉秆加工成生物炭施入棉田,可克服棉秆直接还田的缺点,从源头上防止黄萎病菌进入土壤。为探索棉秆生物炭还田对棉花黄萎病原菌的影响机理,采用液态摇床培养及平皿固态培养法研究生物炭对大丽轮枝菌菌丝生长及微菌核萌发的影响;通过平皿内棉花和甜瓜种子发芽试验研究生物炭对大丽轮枝菌毒素的减毒作用。结果表明:液态培养条件下,棉秆生物炭对大丽轮枝菌菌丝生长抑制作用不明显,在固态培养下对菌丝体生长有一定促进作用;生物炭能减慢微菌核的萌发速率,但对最终萌发率无影响;液态培养中加入棉秆生物碳对大丽轮枝菌毒素有较强的减毒作用。在摇床培养中期,加入2.0 g·L-1生物炭处理与对照棉种在培养12天时的发芽率分别为53.3%与33.3%(P0.05);前期、中期及后期加入0.5 g·L-1生物炭处理的棉花幼苗总长度分别为对照的4.9、2.1倍及3.2倍;加入棉秆生物碳处理甜瓜种子发芽率、胚根长度、胚轴长度及总苗长较对照均有不同程度增加。表明棉杆生物炭对棉花黄萎病菌大丽轮枝菌菌丝生长、微菌核萌发的抑制作用较弱,对大丽轮枝菌毒素危害有较强的减毒作用。  相似文献   

栽培密度与施肥水平对‘翠薏1号’烟后种植产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

官贵德 《农学学报》2015,5(7):65-68

探究‘翠薏1号’烟后种植不同栽培密度与施肥水平对产量及构成因素的影响,选出其高产栽培最优组合。采用L16(45)正交设计随机区组排列田间试验方法,小区面积32 m2,根据生长期进行田间管理,采集有关生长数据,全区收获测产验收。结果表明：栽培密度、施肥水平、栽培密度与施肥水平互作对‘翠薏1号’产量差异极显著。在一定范围内,随着栽培密度的加大和施肥水平的提高,产量也相应的提高,但超出范围栽植过密,施肥水平过高,产量反而降低。产量构成4个因素中,对产量的直接贡献依次顺序为有效株数>每株粒数>结实率>百粒重。‘翠薏1号’在有效株数与每株粒数、结实率、百粒重之间存在明显的相互影响关系。每公顷栽培密度3.0万丛~3.6万丛与施N 225 kg、P2O5 112.5 kg、k2O 225 kg搭配,配套其他高产栽培技术,产量可达4600 kg以上。  相似文献   

浅议如何加强烟草水源工程项目的监督          下载免费PDF全文

林江 《农学学报》2015,5(1):86-90

结合烟草行业大理祥云水源工程建管经验,根据云南省烟草行业水源工程援建项目的规划建设情况,探讨红河州正在实施的石屏县北水南调水源工程项目建设监管措施,重点就如何加强项目的监督管理提出了几点建议,以促进和保障项目的建设和管理。  相似文献   

江西九连山银钟花生长过程分析          下载免费PDF全文

曹展波  李小平  林洪  郑育桃 《农学学报》2015,5(6):92-95

为了解银钟花自然生长状况,揭示其自然生长过程,采用54年生的银钟花Halesia macgregorii树干解析数据,对江西九连山常绿阔叶林中银钟花树高、胸径、材积的生长过程进行分析。结果表明,5~10龄阶树高生长速度最快,15~35龄阶为胸径生长盛期,35龄阶进入材积生长盛期,树龄54年时,材积生长仍处生长盛期,平均生长量和连年生长量曲线未相交,林木尚未达到数量成熟阶段。银钟花自然生长较缓慢,种子发芽困难,天然生长的植株稀少,应开展人工繁育和回归自然与种群重建研究,人工辅助银钟花扩大种群数量。  相似文献   

The variation in morphology of perennial ryegrass cultivars throughout the grazing season and effects on organic matter digestibility          下载免费PDF全文

M. Beecher  D. Hennessy  T.M. Boland  M. McEvoy  M. O'Donovan  E. Lewis 《Grass and Forage Science》2015,70(1):19-29

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幼龄桉树茎流特征及其对环境因子的响应     

吴喆滢  赵从举  徐文娴  卓志清  朱敏捷 《西北林学院学报》2015,30(5):46-52

旨在揭示幼龄桉树茎流速率变化特征及其与环境因子关系,为桉树人工林可持续经营与管理提供依据。于2014年6-9月利用Dynagage包裹式茎流传感器和DL2e环境因子测量系统对海南西部儋州林场幼龄桉树树液茎流及主要环境因子进行连续监测。结果表明,1）雨季幼龄桉树茎流速率具有“昼高夜低”的节律性,夜晚茎流速率都很小,约为日均值的0.10%~7.27%。2）晴天、阴天、雨天树液茎流速率差异明显,晴天的树液茎流速率峰值、日均值分别为13.861 mL·cm^-2·h^-1和2.349 mL·cm^-2·h^-1,是阴天的2.27倍和1.50倍,雨天的10.52倍和4.90倍。3）雨季幼龄桉树茎流速率与太阳辐射、空气湿度、空气温度等气象因子均具极显著的相关关系,而受土壤水分影响较小;晴天太阳辐射对茎流速率影响最大,阴天和雨天空气温度对茎流速率影响最大。液流速率与环境因子逐步回归分析结果表明,3种天气条件下的影响液流速率变化的主导因子不同。  相似文献   

生物炭制备及其对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王瑞峰  赵立欣  沈玉君  孟海波  杨宏志 《中国农业科技导报》2015,17(2):126-133

生物炭作为一种新型的土壤改良剂和吸附剂,近年来成为农业、环境、能源等领域的关注热点。生物炭是通过有机物质在缺氧的条件下热解形成的,不同的原料及生产条件都会对生物炭的性质产生影响。生物炭能够能够改良土壤,改善土壤的容重、总孔隙度和保水性,还可以调节土壤的酸碱度,增强土壤阳离子交换量（CEC）,提高土壤养分。系统总结了生物炭生产方法、理化特性及其对土壤理化性质的影响,为优选生物炭、提升生物炭产品附加值、促进土壤改良提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

非洲菊切花弯茎影响因素研究进展     

王晰  徐哲  赖齐贤  陈雯 《园艺学报》2015,42(9):1771-1780

非洲菊（Gerbera jamesonii）切花采后易出现弯茎现象,造成瓶插寿命缩短,观赏价值下降。非洲菊弯茎的发生受到其内在因素和外界环境的综合调控。从非洲菊花茎组织结构、物质代谢、导管堵塞、植物激素等方面对弯茎影响因素进行了综述,并在此基础上对进一步探讨弯茎影响因素之间的联系及其分子调控机制提出了展望。  相似文献   

Resistance to a highly aggressive isolate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a Brassica napus diversity set          下载免费PDF全文

A. Taylor  E. Coventry  J. E. Jones  J. P. Clarkson 《Plant pathology》2015,64(4):932-940

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of oilseed rape (OSR, Brassica napus), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a serious problem in the UK and worldwide. As fungicide‐based control approaches are not always reliable, identifying host resistance is a desirable and sustainable approach to disease management. This research initially examined the aggressiveness of 18 Sclerotinia isolates (17 S. sclerotiorum, one S. subarctica) on cultivated representatives of B. rapa, B. oleracea and B. napus using a young plant test. Significant differences were observed between isolates and susceptibility of the brassica crop types, with B. rapa being the most susceptible. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from crop hosts were more aggressive than those from wild buttercup (Ranunculus acris). Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates P7 (pea) and DG4 (buttercup), identified as ‘aggressive’ and ‘weakly aggressive’, respectively, were used to screen 96 B. napus lines for SSR resistance in a young plant test. A subset of 20 lines was further evaluated using the same test and also in a stem inoculation test on flowering plants. A high level of SSR resistance was observed for five lines and, although there was some variability between tests, one winter OSR (line 3, Czech Republic) and one rape kale (line 83, UK) demonstrated consistent resistance. Additionally, one swede (line 69, Norway) showed an outstanding level of resistance in the stem test. Resistant lines also had fewer sclerotia forming in stems. New pre‐breeding material for the production of SSR resistant OSR cultivars relevant to conditions in the UK and Europe has therefore been identified.  相似文献   

Resistance against Botrytis cinerea in smooth leaf pruning wounds of tomato does not depend on major disease signalling pathways     

T. Beyers  C. Vos  R. Aerts  K. Heyens  L. Vogels  B. Seels  M. Höfte  B. P. A. Cammue  B. De Coninck 《Plant pathology》2014,63(1):165-173

In high‐tech, heated tomato glasshouses, stem infections caused by Botrytis cinerea usually end up girdling the stem, resulting in plant death and consequently high economic losses. Such infections originate primarily from wounds created during leaf pruning, a common cultural practice in which it is intended to remove leaves completely, resulting in smooth stem wounds. However, hasty leaf pruning often results in numerous petiole stubs accidentally left behind. In this study analysis of disease incidences clearly proved that pruning leaves flush to the stem resulted in absolute resistance of the stem wounds, whereas petiole stubs displayed a high level of susceptibility to B. cinerea. Postponing inoculation of wounds after pruning indicated that development of nearly complete resistance occurs within 48 h after deleafing. Monitoring of the wound wetness period showed that drying of the wound surface is not the cause of the decreased susceptibility, contrary to what was commonly believed. Tomato mutants deficient in disease signalling showed altered phenotypes for susceptibility to B. cinerea, indicating that defences against this pathogen in petiole stubs depend on ethylene signalling. Additionally, the decreased susceptibility of mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of jasmonates and abscisic acid suggest an antagonistic effect of these signal molecules. On the other hand, resistance of smooth stem wounds could not be altered by disruption of salicylic acid, ethylene, jasmonate or abscisic acid signalling. This indicates that this remarkable absolute resistance to B. cinerea does not depend on the major disease signalling pathways.  相似文献