吉林省畜禽养殖粪污中抗生素残留及应对措施     

段丽杰  田博 《中国沼气》2020,(1):45-48

近年来,随着畜禽养殖业的规模化发展,畜禽粪便中残留的抗生素给生态环境和人类健康带来巨大的潜在危害。文章分析了吉林省畜禽养殖过程中兽用抗生素的残留量,同时探讨提出降低及去除畜禽养殖过程中的抗生素的方法与途径,为控制抗生素污染提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

Registered Medicinal Products for Use in Honey Bees in the United States and Canada     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2021,37(3):451-465

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In ovo delivery of bioactive substances: an alternative to the use of antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production—a review     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2020,29(3):744-763

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Effects of various feed additive strategies on broilers given 10× live coccidiosis vaccine     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2017,26(1):99-110

Currently, there is a need to investigate feed additive application strategies, especially those used in conjunction with live coccidiosis vaccines (LCV). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the inclusion strategies of several commercially available feed additives using broilers sprayed with 10× live coccidiosis vaccines (LCV) throughout a 49 d grow-out. All birds received 10× LCV on d of hatch, excluding treatment (Trt) 1, the unmedicated negative control (NC). The positive control (PC; Trt 2), was also unmedicated, but birds were sprayed with 10× LCV. Birds assigned Trts 3 to 8 also received LCV, and diets consisted of the following additives: Virginiamycin (VA) at 20 g/t throughout with Salinomycin (SAL) at 40 g/t from d 14 to 28 (Trt 3); VA at 20 g/t throughout d zero to 49 (Trt 4); a Bacillus subtilis probiotic (PRO) with Bacitracin Methylene Disalicyalte (BMD) at 50 g/t from d zero to 49 (Trt 5); an herb and essential oil blend (EB) from d zero to 49 (Trt 6); BMD at 50 g/t throughout with an increased dose (200 g/t) from d 14 to 28 (Trt 7); and BMD at 50 g/t throughout with SAL (40 g/t) from d 14 to 28 (Trt 8). In general, birds fed Trts 3 and 7 demonstrated increased BW and BW gain when compared to those fed Trt 2 (NC). Birds fed Trt 5 exhibited similar d 49 BW to that of birds fed Trt 3 and 7 — however, better than those fed Trt 2. Of these Trts, birds fed Trt 3 demonstrated at d 17 increased ileal digesta viscosity and reduced lesion scores caused by Eimeria acervulina, although overall scores were low. Gastrointestinal organ measurements and morphology at d 17 were not significantly affected by Trt. Overall, these data suggest that feed additive strategies utilized in Trts 3, 5, and 7 are a viable option with using LCV.  相似文献   

Research Progress on Adaptive Survival Relationship Between Small Colony Variants and Bacteria     

GAO Xiang  GUO Yu-ru  YANG Jie  HUANG Cheng-cheng  TIAN Chun-lian  HONG Wei  LIU Ming-chun 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(11):3300-3305

Small colony variants (SCVs) have been shown to be part of the regular growth cycle, which are highly dynamic or stable and can be selected during various harsh conditions. The features of SCVs include slow growth, colony morphology irregular and biochemical characteristics abnormal, making the separation and identification of SCVs into trouble. SCVs can cause chronic persistent infection, but not lead to strong immune response to host. Furthermore, SCVs are serious resistant to antibacterials normally. In this paper, we introduce the phenotype classification of SCVs, the relationship with the host's immune response and the effects of antibacterials on SCVs, which will provide theoretical support for further research of SCVs.  相似文献   

貂感染伪中间葡萄球菌的诊断及药敏试验     

韩涛  张晓  吴欣  王彦红  刘学忠 《经济动物学报》2014,(1):11-14

2013年初,山东某水貂场成年水貂出现零星死亡,病貂以呼吸道症状为主要特征。采集病死水貂的肺部,进行细菌分离培养。分离菌经染色镜检,培养特性,生化试验及菌株的16S rDNA序列分析等进一步检测表明:致病菌为伪中间葡萄球菌。根据其病史和流行病学的调查以及分离菌的动物致病性试验可以确诊为该貂场水貂发病死亡是感染伪中间葡萄球菌所致。药敏试验结果显示:该分离菌对氯霉素、美洛西林等抗生素敏感,而对复方新诺明、万古霉素等产生耐药。  相似文献   

杀球灵(Diclazuril)和麦杜拉霉素(Maduramycin)等四种聚醚类抗菌素对鸡巨形艾美尔球虫(E.maxima)药效的笼饲试验     

段嘉树  俞海  赵树英  沈红 《北京农学院学报》1990,(1)

对杀球灵和其它4种聚醚类抗菌素麦杜拉霉素,那拉菌素(Narasin),拉萨洛菌素(Lasalocid),莫能菌素(Monensin)的抗巨形艾美尔球虫效力进行了笼饲试验.重度感染情况下,和感染不给药对照组相比,5ppm麦杜拉霉素,80ppm那拉菌素,100ppm拉萨洛菌素和100ppm莫能菌素可防止鸡只死亡,改善增重,减轻肠道病变和减少卵囊数量.1ppm杀球灵组出现10%死亡,但是从增重和病变来看,鸡只仍然受到保护,粪便里也很少见到卵囊.对肠粘涂片的观察显示杀球灵明显抑制了巨形艾美尔球虫的有性生殖阶段,即配子生殖阶段的发育.从抗球虫指数来看,上述5种药对巨形艾美尔球虫的效力依次是拉萨洛菌素,麦杜拉霉素,杀球灵,那拉菌素和莫能菌素.  相似文献   

阿普拉霉素在山羊体内的代谢动力学研究     

刘湘新  冯琦华  孙志良 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(2)

对阿普拉霉素在黑山羊体内的代谢动力学进行了初步分析．一次静脉推注阿普拉霉素６０００ｕ／ｋｇ·ｗ，给药后４ｈ内按不同时间采血，用抗菌素管碟法测定血药浓度，３只黑山羊的试验结果表明，血药浓度时间曲线符合二室开放模型，不符合单室开放模型，其药物代谢动力学参数如下：消除速率常数（β）０．９８９±０．００２（ｈ－１）；初始浓度（Ｂ）１４．１３０±２．０５６（Ｕ／１００ｍＬ）；消除半衰期（Ｔ１／２β）０．６９６±０．００６（ｈ）；维持有效血药浓度时间ＴＣＰ４．０６±０．１４（ｈ）；表观分布容积（Ｖｄ）４２９．１３±６４．６３（１００ｍＬ／ｍｇ）；廓清率（ＣＬＢ）４２４．６７±６３．６６（１００ｍＬ／ｋｇ·ｈ）．  相似文献   

抗生素对高粱愈伤组织诱导和生长的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

张明洲  崔海瑞  舒庆尧  夏英武 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(2):221-225

用羧苄青霉素等抗生素进行抑菌试验,以羧苄青霉素和头孢霉素的抑菌效果较好.头孢霉素对高梁愈伤组织的毒性表现出比羧苄青霉素大.浓度低于500 mg/L羧苄青霉素对高梁愈伤组织的生长起促进作用;而分化率随着羧苄青霉素浓度的提高而下降.在农杆菌介导高梁遗传转化时,选用羧苄青霉素是合适的,浓度以250 mg/L为宜.高梁愈伤组织对潮霉素的反应比卡那霉素更敏感,高梁不同基因型愈伤组织对卡那霉素和潮霉素的反应在褐化(死亡)率上表现不同.在以潮霉素作为抗性筛选标记时,选择压以50～75 mg/L为宜.  相似文献   

乳源耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌的耐药性、 产毒性与生物膜形成能力检测     

周欢欢  刘子琦  李槿年  相翊卿  范亚楠  夏生林  姚露  王文平  黄影 《安徽农业大学学报》2015,42(4):529-535

从安徽省合肥地区奶牛隐性乳房炎生乳中分离鉴定24株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)。采用E-test方法测定12种抗菌药物对乳源MRSA合肥分离株的最小抑菌浓度,微量板半定量法测定乳源MRSA合肥分离株形成生物膜的能力,PCR方法检测这些分离株携带耐药基因、毒力基因和生物膜形成相关基因的情况。结果显示受试MRSA分离株对苯唑西林、克林霉素、甲氧苄胺嘧啶、红霉素、利福平、头孢噻肟、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、四霉素、丁胺卡那、替考拉宁和万古霉素的耐药率依次为100%、75%、54.2%、50%、45.8%、45.8%、33.3%、29.2%、25%、20.8%、4.2%和0%,且83.3%分离株呈现多重耐药;受试MRSA分离株携带耐药基因mec A、blatem-1、aac(6’)/aph(2")、Erm B、tet M和qac A基因的检出率分别为100%、54.2%、70.8%、33.3%、41.7%和50%,而毒力基因Clf A、Fn BPA、SEA、PVL、TSST、Hla、Ca L和Nuc的携带率分别为33.3%、83.3%、79.2%、37.5%、58.3%、87.5%、100%和100%;受试MRSA分离株中生物膜形成能力强、中等、弱以及不能形成生物膜的细菌分别占37.5%(9/24)、12.5%(3/24)、25%(6/24)和25%(6/24),生物膜形成相关基因ica A、ica D、agr、Sig B和Sar A基因的检出率分别为50%、50%、50%、91.7%和83.3%。结果表明,乳源MRSA合肥分离株均为产毒性和多重耐药性MRSA,且75%分离株具有生物膜形成能力。  相似文献