黄粉虫、小麦胚芽对初产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和抗氧化机能的影响     

郑紫薇  赵国先  马可为  冯志华  郝艳霜  刘艳慈  刘观忠  许利军 《中国家禽》2021,(1):43-49

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加黄粉虫、小麦胚芽对初产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄和血清抗氧化指标的影响.选用20周龄产蛋率基本一致且健康的京红蛋鸡560只,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡;采用双因子试验设计,3个黄粉虫水平(0.5％、1.0％、2.0％)×2个小麦胚芽水平(1％、2％).试验期为8周,其中预试期1周...  相似文献   

产木质素降解酶类香菇菌株的筛选   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宋安东  周利霞胡渝 谢慧 《河南农业大学学报》2006,40(3):307-310

采用PDA-Bavendamm平板和PDA-RB亮蓝平板对24个香菇菌株进行显色试验,得到Cr 26,Cr 241,Cr 8001,Cr 135,As 5.560,As 5.531等6个可以同时产漆酶和过氧化物酶的优良香菇菌株.对其进行液态产酶试验,结果表明,Cr 241是产木质素降解酶类活性最高的香菇菌株.  相似文献   

Effects of post-silking water deficit on the leaf photosynthesis and senescence of waxy maize          下载免费PDF全文

YE Yu-xiu  WEN Zhang-rong  YANG Huan  LU Wei-ping  LU Da-lei 《农业科学学报》2020,19(9):2216-2228

Waxy maize is widely cultivated under rainfed conditions and frequently suffers water shortage during the late growth stage. In this study, a pot trial was conducted to examine the effects of post-silking drought on leaf photosynthesis and senescence and its influence on grain yield. Two waxy maize hybrids, Suyunuo 5(SYN5) and Yunuo 7(YN7), were grown under the control and drought(soil moisture content was 70–80% and 50–60%, respectively) conditions after silking in 2016 and 2017. The decrease in yield was 11.1 and 15.4% for YN7 and SYN5, respectively, owing to the decreased grain weight and number. Post-silking dry matter accumulation was reduced by 27.2% in YN7 and 26.3% in SYN5. The contribution rate of pre-silking photoassimilates transferred to grain yield was increased by 15.6% in YN7 and 10.2% in SYN5, respectively. Post-silking drought increased the malondialdehyde content, but decreased the contents of water, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid in the leaves. The weakened activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and antioxidant system(catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) reduced the photosynthetic rate(P_n) and accelerated leaf senescence. The correlation results indicated that reduced Pn and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde content under drought conditions induced the decrease of post-silking photoassimilates deposition, ultimately resulted in the grain yield loss.  相似文献   

云南2种野生苜蓿资源对酸铝胁迫的响应分析     

吴丽芳  魏晓梅  张丽芳  桂宝林 《热带作物学报》2020,41(3):482-488

以云南2种野生苜蓿资源为材料,采用水培法研究酸铝胁迫对幼苗生长的影响。通过分析酸、铝单一及复合处理下幼苗根长、株高、生物量、根系活力、叶绿素和丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶和超氧化物岐化酶活性变化,比较2种苜蓿对酸、铝的耐性。结果显示：随着酸度的增加,天蓝苜蓿和紫花苜蓿幼苗的生长均受抑制,pH 7.0和pH 3.0处理对比分析,天蓝苜蓿在根长、株高、生物量、根系活力增幅比紫花苜蓿的增幅小;铝胁迫后,2种苜蓿在根长、株高、生物量、根系活力指标上均具有显著差异,且随着铝浓度的增大,受抑制越严重;酸、铝共同胁迫对2种苜蓿幼苗生长的影响大于单一胁迫对它的影响,pH 4.5,Al ³⁺浓度300 mg/L时,2种苜蓿生长受抑最严重。酸、铝单一胁迫及复合处理均显著影响2种苜蓿,但天蓝苜蓿对酸、铝及酸铝的耐性优于紫花苜蓿。  相似文献   

油菜素内酯浸根对水稻水卷苗机插植伤的修复效应     

李玉祥  何知舟  丁艳锋  王绍华  李刚华 《中国水稻科学》2020,34(6):539-549

目的 探究油菜素内酯(Brassinolide, BR)浸根对机插水卷苗栽后本田生长及产量的影响。方法 以宁粳8号为试验材料,分析不同浓度BR(T1、T10、T20,分别表示水培营养液中BR浓度为1 mg/L、10 mg/L、20 mg/L)浸根对水卷苗机插本田后返青活棵及产量的影响,以正常水培营养液处理为对照(CK)。结果 BR浸根(T1、T10、T20)能够促进水稻地上部生长,栽插本田21d后株高较CK分别增加11.68%、8.12%和7.61%;BR浸根对水卷苗栽后根系的促生作用更为明显,不同浓度BR浸根对水卷苗栽后根长、根表面积、根尖数、根体积、根直径、根质量和根冠比均产生了显著影响,其中根尖数以低浓度BR处理效果更优,而其他根系指标均以高浓度BR处理效果更优。与CK相比,不同浓度BR浸根降低了叶片过氧化氢浓度(至移栽后12 d,分别降低12.50%、23.25%和22.25%),增强了叶片抗氧化酶活性;与移栽当天相比,移栽后第2天BR浸根处理叶片中玉米素(ZT)浓度迅速增加(分别为197.27%、153.11%和243.78%),而CK增加缓慢(2.94%),根系表现一致,且根系中生长素(IAA)浓度显著高于CK;同时BR处理在栽后一周内赤霉素(GA₃)浓度均明显高于对照。与CK相比,T10处理显著提高了每穗粒数和结实率(分别为15.04%和6.62%),T20处理显著提高了结实率(6.17%),但BR处理千粒重均显著下降,最终产量T10和T20处理较CK分别提高5.11%和7.99%。结论 适当浓度的BR(T10~T20)浸根能减轻水卷苗机插植伤,提高抗氧化酶活性,降低H₂O₂含量,提高ZT、GA₃和IAA浓度,高效地促进根系生长,提高了每穗粒数和结实率。本研究可为减轻机插植伤,促进机插水稻高产稳产提供理论依据和技术参考。  相似文献   

Enzyme Bioprospection of Marine-Derived Actinobacteria from the Chilean Coast and New Insight in the Mechanism of Keratin Degradation in Streptomyces sp. G11C     

Valentina Gonzlez  María Jos Vargas-Straube  Walter O. Beys-da-Silva  Luclia Santi  Pedro Valencia  Fabrizio Beltrametti  Beatriz Cmara 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)

Marine actinobacteria are viewed as a promising source of enzymes with potential technological applications. They contribute to the turnover of complex biopolymers, such as pectin, lignocellulose, chitin, and keratin, being able to secrete a wide variety of extracellular enzymes. Among these, keratinases are a valuable alternative for recycling keratin-rich waste, which is generated in large quantities by the poultry industry. In this work, we explored the biocatalytic potential of 75 marine-derived actinobacterial strains, focusing mainly on the search for keratinases. A major part of the strains secreted industrially important enzymes, such as proteases, lipases, cellulases, amylases, and keratinases. Among these, we identified two streptomycete strains that presented great potential for recycling keratin wastes—Streptomyces sp. CHA1 and Streptomyces sp. G11C. Substrate concentration, incubation temperature, and, to a lesser extent, inoculum size were found to be important parameters that influenced the production of keratinolytic enzymes in both strains. In addition, proteomic analysis of culture broths from Streptomyces sp. G11C on turkey feathers showed a high abundance and diversity of peptidases, belonging mainly to the serine and metallo-superfamilies. Two proteases from families S08 and M06 were highly expressed. These results contributed to elucidate the mechanism of keratin degradation mediated by streptomycetes.  相似文献   

裸果木渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性对干旱的响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄海霞  连转红  王亮  杨琦琦  魏振艳  马彦军  张金霞 《干旱区研究》2020,(1):227-235

裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii)起源于古地中海,为荒漠区少有的第三纪孑遗植物种。本文采用2017年6月、7月和8月采集于甘肃安西自然保护区内的裸果木中龄和老龄植株叶片,分析自然干旱影响下叶片渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明:随着干旱程度的增加,裸果木叶片的可溶性蛋白(SP)显著积累,发挥着重要的渗透调节作用,中龄植株叶片的可溶性糖(SS)含量和老龄植株叶片的脯氨酸(Pro)含量先增加后显著降低,渗透调节作用有限。干旱加剧时,中龄植株叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性呈明显的先增后降。严重干旱时,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性明显增强,说明其通过4种酶的协同作用清除过剩的活性氧,减轻过氧化伤害;老龄植株叶片的CAT活性持续增强,APX活性明显的先升后降,POD活性在重度干旱时显著增强,主要通过这3种酶减轻膜系统伤害。丙二醛(MDA)含量则随干旱程度增大显著增加,膜脂过氧化程度不断加深。在相同的降雨条件下,裸果木中、老龄植株的Pro、SS、SP含量、POD和CAT活性、MDA含量对干旱的响应程度存在显著差异,隶属度函数评价法表明,老龄植株的抗旱能力大于中龄植株,表明裸果木的抗旱性随年龄的增大而提高。  相似文献   

Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants     

Jin‐Yan Wang  Hao Zhang  Evan Siemann  Xiang‐Yun Ji  Yi‐Juan Chen  Yi Wang  Jie‐Xian Jiang  Nian‐Feng Wan 《Pest management science》2020,76(3):1004-1010

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Synthesis of thymyl esters and their insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)     

Sorachat Tharamak  Thitaree Yooboon  Anchulee Pengsook  Atcharee Ratwatthananon  Nutchaya Kumrungsee  Vasakorn Bullangpoti  Wanchai Pluempanupat 《Pest management science》2020,76(3):928-935

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苏云金芽胞杆菌JQD117菌株对韭蛆体内几种酶活性的影响          下载免费PDF全文

宋健  曹伟平  郭庆港  王猛  李社增  杜立新 《中国生物防治学报》2020,36(4):558-563

为明确苏云金芽胞杆菌JQD117对韭蛆幼虫蛋白酶和解毒酶活性的影响,测定比较了感染Bt后幼虫体内胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和羧酸酯酶的活性。首先采用室内生物活性测定方法明确了菌株JQD117对韭蛆3龄幼虫72 h的LC₅₀为2.8070×10⁷cfu/mL,然后采用10×LC₅₀、1×LC₅₀和0.1×LC₅₀三个浓度饲喂感染韭蛆幼虫,定期取样测定韭蛆体内5种酶活性,结果表明以较高浓度（1×LC₅₀和10×LC₅₀）感染韭蛆幼虫后体内蛋白酶和解毒酶活性变化较大,而以低浓度（0.1×LC₅₀）感染韭蛆幼虫后体内蛋白酶活性变化较小。其中,以1×LC₅₀和10×LC₅₀浓度感染韭蛆幼虫后,胰蛋白酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性在24~36 h和6~60 h与对照相比均显著升高;类胰凝乳蛋白酶和羧酸酯酶活性在6~60 h与对照相比均受到显著抑制。以0.1×LC₅₀浓度感染韭蛆幼虫后,胰蛋白酶活性只在36 h时与对照相比显著升高;乙酰胆碱酯酶活性在12~48 h时与对照相比显著升高;羧酸酯酶活性只在6 h与对照相比受到显著抑制;类胰凝乳蛋白酶活性与对照相比均无显著变化。谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性在三种感染浓度下与对照相比均无显著变化。可见,感染JQD117对韭蛆体内蛋白酶和解毒酶活性均产生了不同程度的影响,且随感染浓度的升高而增强,扰乱了韭蛆正常的生理代谢和对外源毒素的分解,本文为Bt防治韭蛆应用和开发提供了理论指导。  相似文献