半干旱区华北落叶松林冠层蒸腾特征及其影响因子     

陈孟涤  覃鑫浩  毛炎新  王砚峰 《西北林学院学报》2022,37(4):10-17

准确量化半干旱区森林植被耗水特征及其影响因子对植被-水-土的综合管理至关重要。选择内蒙古大青山的华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,利用热扩散探针法监测树干液流,同步监测气象因子和土壤体积含水量。结果表明,研究期间华北落叶松冠层蒸腾存在明显月、季节变化,冠层蒸腾季节变化呈单峰曲线,冠层月蒸腾量（mm）为8月（55.08）＞7月（54.76）＞6月（48.76）＞5月（43.13）＞9月（40.20）＞10月（12.36）。华北落叶松林冠层蒸腾与气温、太阳辐射、大气湿度、饱和气压差、风速、土壤水分均存在极显著相关关系（P＜0.01）,回归分析表明气温、太阳辐射和大气湿度是影响冠层蒸腾的主要气象因子;基于边界线的分析表明,冠层蒸腾随太阳辐射、气温变化可用对数增长函数拟合,即随太阳辐射、气温增大,冠层蒸腾先快速后缓慢增大,达到阈值后趋于平稳;冠层蒸腾随大气湿度增加的变化遵循抛物线曲线,阈值为59.41%。次降水量对冠层蒸腾的影响存在差异,降水强度>10 mm的次降水量显著影响华北落叶松人工林冠层蒸腾。总体来看,气温、太阳辐射、大气湿度和降水是影响华北落叶松冠层蒸腾的主要环境因子。  相似文献   

基于机载高光谱端元提取分析棉花生长期光谱变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

龙翔  赵庆展  王学文  马永建  江萍 《新疆农业科学》2021,58(7):1207-1216

【目的】棉花在不同生长期的波谱曲线变化具有规律性,研究其时间序列上的反射光谱变化趋势与规律并监测长势,为基于无人机多光谱、高光谱遥感的作物长势监测提供借鉴和参考。【方法】使用多旋翼无人机搭载Rikola高光谱成像仪,获取棉花从花期到后期之间的高光谱影像。使用纯净像元指数算法和最大单形体体积算法进行端元提取,并以SR-3500光谱仪采集的地面光谱曲线为标准,光谱角度为评价指标,依次从端元提取算法效果、不同航高数据对比、光谱相关性、多期光谱曲线变化趋势等分析。【结果】最大单形体体积算法在60、80、100 m航高下波谱角度结果分别为0.065 8、0.065 9、0.067 7,相较于纯净像元指数算法结果更接近地面光谱仪数据,具有较优的相关性(R²均在0.99以上),且能更好地提取小样本端元。航高对端元提取的影响较小,同种算法在不同航高下提取结果差异均在2%以下。不同生长期棉花波谱曲线变化呈规律性,吸收谷与红边值在7月中旬到达峰值。标准植被指数与比值植被指数在7月上中旬达到最大值(0.841 7、11.630 5),增强型植被指数、差值植被指数、优化土壤调节植被指数在7月中下旬达到最大值(0.818 9、0.501 3、0.501 2)。【结论】最大单形体体积算法可较好的从棉花高光谱影像中提取出棉花波谱曲线,且100 m为较优的无人机数据采集航高。棉花在7月光合作用最大,对红光的强吸收、近红外波段强反射现象最为明显。  相似文献   

西鄂尔多斯保护区沙冬青高光谱特征分析     

赵向苗  高润宏  牛若恺  卢玉婷  高健斌 《西北林学院学报》2021,36(6):85-91

沙冬青是亚洲荒漠唯一的常绿阔叶灌木,由于分布范围狭小、人为调查困难、资源分布不清,加上人类活动的破坏,其数量正在不断减少。快速、准确识别其生长状况、种群动态对进一步研究沙冬青种群分布及生长监测具有重要意义。采用便携式地物光谱仪测定不同龄级沙冬青反射光谱,利用马氏距离法对其原始光谱、一二阶微分谱特征差异波段选取分析;将冠层原始及其微分光谱与叶片叶绿素含量进行分析。通过其相关性的大小理解沙冬青的生长状况与叶绿素含量间的关系。结果表明:1)不同龄级沙冬青原始光谱曲线趋势较接近,符合植被光谱特征的规律性,幼龄沙冬青反射率差异较明显;不同龄级微分光谱曲线基本一致,幼龄峰值起伏变化显著,极大峰值位于719 nm处,主要受幼龄沙冬青长势的影响;2)通过分析得出马氏距离法对不同龄级沙冬青光谱差异显著波段的选择具有显著性,且所选择波段均为光谱特征波段;3)冠层光谱与叶绿素相关性分析得出不同龄级与叶绿素的敏感波长均为<740 nm的可见光波长范围内,说明可见光波段属于沙冬青叶绿素光谱反应的敏感波;与原始光谱相比,经过导数处理的微分光谱与叶片叶绿素的相关性更高,且相关性大的波段数明显增加。  相似文献   

陕北山地苹果树形改造研究     

白岗栓  杜社妮  王建平 《中国农业大学学报》2021,26(12):54-66

为促进陕北丘陵沟壑区山地苹果的优质高效生产,本研究将传统稀植果园中主要采用的主干疏层形改造为小冠疏层形、纺锤形或圆柱形、高干开心形和开心形,测定不同树形的树冠透光率、树冠大小、一年生枝和结果枝的数量及组成比例、果实产量和品质等指标,并估算其产值。结果表明:与对照主干疏层形相比,高干开心形和开心形的树冠大而扁,树冠透光率较高。开心形的叶丛枝和短枝占全树枝条的61.21%,树势中庸偏上;主干疏层形、小冠疏层形和高干开心形的叶丛枝和短枝占全树枝条的70.00%以上,树势较弱。开心形的短果枝占结果枝的60.68%,中果枝占28.67%,利于连年优质丰产;主干疏层形的短果枝占结果枝的85.00%,中果枝仅占8.79%,易形成隔年结果。不同树形的果实产量以主干疏层形的最高,其次为开心形;果实品质、均匀度和价格均以开心形的最高,主干疏层形的最低;经济产值以开心形的最高,其次为主干疏层形,高干开心形的最低。综上,建议将陕北丘陵沟壑区山地稀植苹果园的主干疏层形改造为开心形。  相似文献   

湖北太子山不同林分对降雨的截留作用研究     

李睦 《现代农业科技》2021,8(8)

本文在湖北太子山选取柏木纯林、马尾松纯林、麻栎五角枫混交林、柏木红果冬青混交林和马尾松红果冬青混交林共5种林分作为研究对象,采用天然降雨监测的方法,研究5种林分林分林冠层、灌草层和枯落物层分别对降雨的截留作用。结果表明林场中阔叶混交林的水源涵养能力最强,其次为针阔混交林,最差的是针叶纯林。  相似文献   

Proteomic Characterization of Equine Cerebrospinal Fluid     

Carolyn J. Broccardo  Gisela Soboll Hussey  Lutz Goehring  Paul Lunn  Jessica E. Prenni 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biofluid that is reflective of overall health. Although proteomic profiling of human CSF has been performed in the context of a variety of disease states, this report represents the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of equine CSF. A total of 320 proteins were confidently identified across six healthy horses, and these proteins were further characterized by gene ontology terms mapped in UniProt, and normalized spectral abundance factors were calculated as a measure of relative abundance. Theses results provide an optimized protocol for analysis of equine CSF and lay the groundwork for future studies involving the study of equine CSF in the context of pathogenic disease states.  相似文献   

HPLC-PDA法测定兽药中非法添加四种解热镇痛抗炎类药物     

李慧素 《中国兽药杂志》2014,48(10):36-43

建立了7种兽药中非法添加对乙酰氨基酚、安乃近、地塞米松和地塞米松磷酸钠药物的HPLC-PDA法。采用十八烷基键合硅胶为填充剂,磷酸二氢钠缓冲液（磷酸二氢钠3．0 g加水至1000 mL,加三乙胺1 mL,用氢氧化钠调pH值至7．0±0．2）-甲醇（80∶20）为流动相,梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器进行全扫描和240 nm波长测定,并采用峰纯度检查和光谱相似度检查辅助对照品比对方法,对四种目标分析物进行确证。结果显示,4种解热镇痛抗炎药物与其他物质峰分离良好,在测定范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为73．5％～119．2％,RSD为0．1％～5．8％。本方法准确、可靠、重现性好,可用于兽药制剂中非法添加四种解热镇痛抗炎药物的定性和定量检测。  相似文献   

Afforestation,restoration and regeneration——Not all trees are created equal     

Shaneka S. Lawson  Charles H. Michler 《林业研究》2014,25(1):3-20

Undulations in weather patterns have caused climate shifts of increased frequency and duration around the world. The need for additional research and model data on this pressing problem has resulted in a plethora of research groups examining a particular tree species or biome for negative effects of climate change. This review aims to （1） collect and merge recent research data on regeneration within old- and new-growth forests, （2） highlight and expand upon selected topics for additional discussion, and （3） report how shade tolerance, drought toler- ance, and inherent plasticity affect tree growth and development. Al- though shade and drought tolerance have been well studied by a number of research groups, this review reveals that in-depth analysis of a single or a few species in a given area will not generate the data required to implement a successful regeneration plan. Studies using historical accounts of previous species composition, information regarding site sea- sonality, species competition, and individual responses to drought and shade are needed to （1） develop best management plans and （2） ensure future modeling experiments are focused on a greater variety of species using more innovative methods to evaluate climate change effects.  相似文献   

A preliminary evaluation of throughfall sampling techniques in a mature coniferous forest     

Darryl. E. Carlyle-Moses  Chad. E. Lishman  Adam. J. McKee 《林业研究》2014,25(2):407-413

Rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were measured and canopy interception loss was derived for 14 rainfall events from June 22 to August 30, 2008 within a mature declining hybrid white spruce(Picea glauca(Moench) Voss × P. engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.)- subalpine fir(Abies lasiocarpa(Hook.) Nutt.)- lodgepole pine(Pinus contorta var.latifolia Dougl. ex Loud.) stand in south-central British Columbia, Canada. Stemflow was negligible during the study period, while, respectively throughfall and canopy interception loss accounted for approximately59.4% and 40.6% of the 50.1 mm of cumulative rainfall. Throughfall variability was assessed with three approaches involving roving and stationary wedge-type gauges, and stationary trough gauges. Throughfall exhibited large spatial variability with the coefficient of variability of study period throughfall sampled using 16 stationary trough gauges being30.3%, while it was 38.0% and 28.7% for 32 stationary and 32 roving wedge gauges, respectively. Our analysis suggests that a roving gauge method is better than a stationary approach since the errors associated with event mean throughfalls are summed quadratically and a greater portion of the canopy area is sampled. Trough gauges were more efficient than wedge gauges; however, this efficiency was less than expected given their much larger sampling areas, suggesting that spatial autocor-relation lengths of throughfall may be longer than the trough systems. The spatial distribution of throughfall showed a high degree of temporal persistence throughout the study suggesting the existence of stable "wet" and "dry" inputs to the floors of these coniferous forests.  相似文献   

Green roof vegetation type affects germination and initial survival of colonizing woody species     

Lori E. Miller  Amy E. Heim  Jeremy Lundholm 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(4):892-899

Green roofs provide a number of valuable ecosystem services compared to conventional roofs, but may require yearly maintenance. Trees and other woody plants that persist on the roof may damage or overload shallow-substrate green roofs and their removal is a standard maintenance procedure. The germination potential of colonizing species may differ depending on the vegetation surrounding them. The aim of this study was to determine whether the germination of colonizing tree species (Picea glauca and Ulmus glabra) will vary depending on which plant species form the established vegetation seeds land in. To determine germination success, survival, and seed capture ability of the plant canopy, tree seeds were added either directly to the growing medium or atop the plant canopy, in replicated monocultures of 14 species native to Nova Scotia. When seeds were added directly to the soil, no significant difference was detected between the monocultures for germination success or survival for U. glabra or P. glauca. However, when the seeds were added atop the plant canopy, percent germination of U. glabra was significantly higher in Carex argyrantha green roof modules. Overall, sod forming graminoids showed higher germination of U. glabra. The number of seeds reaching the soil was typically lower in vegetation with a denser canopy. This study demonstrates that some vegetation repels colonizing tree species by reducing ground contact. Although these effects differed according to tree species, non-vegetated substrates enhanced seedling persistence. Additionally, the majority of tree seeds that germinated failed to survive a single growing-season on shallow-substrate green roofs.  相似文献