Fifteen-year fallow altered the dynamics of soil phosphorus and cationic balance of a savannah Alfisol     

Nafiu Abdu  Udofot A. Etiene 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5):645-656

This study was designed to evaluate changes in the dynamics of soil phosphorus and cationic balances of a savannah soil subjected to 45 years of continuous cultivation under different fertilizer management and later left fallow for 15 years. It was conducted on the experimental plots at the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. Treatments consisted of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), cow dung manure (D) and their combination (DNPK). Results of P fractionation and cationic distribution were compared with previous studies on the same plot 15 years ago. Organic carbon increased from a range of 3–5 g kg^?1 in 1997 to 10.9 g kg^?1 in 2012. Similarly, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil increased from 6.40 cmol_c kg^?1 in 1997 to 16.4 cmol_c kg¹ in the present study. The degree of saturation of the CEC by Ca²⁺ was 68–79% and 10–20% for Mg²⁺, while that of K⁺ was 1.5–2%. Although there was an uneven trend in depletion and enrichment of the various P pools, however, the fallow period substantially improved the CEC and the plant available P pools of the soil by more than 200% and 6–259%, respectively.  相似文献   

退耕林地麻栎刺槐林壤中流及其磷素流失特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王荣嘉  高鹏  李成  董学德  姜尧琨  王俊茜 《水土保持学报》2019,33(1):9-13,19

为研究退耕还林后林地对壤中流磷素的调控效果,探究雨强对壤中流磷素流失的影响,选取鲁中南山区典型麻栎林、刺槐林和麻栎—刺槐混交林为研究对象,以荒草地为对照,采用模拟降雨试验方法,研究林地壤中流及磷素流失特征。结果表明:(1)林地壤中流占总产流的36.16%～46.93%,荒草地壤中流比例为18.58%,林地雨水下渗能力高于荒草地的,其中麻栎—刺槐混交林雨水下渗能力最好。随着雨强的增大,林地壤中流比例由54.34%减小到37.62%。(2)林地壤中流TP流失量低于荒草地的,为荒草地的45.88%～63.25%。林地TP总流失量比荒草地少55.32%～77.43%,与荒草地相比,林地对磷素的调控效果更优,其中麻栎—刺槐混交林的调控效果最好。随雨强的增大,林地壤中流TP流失量增加了0.68～1.33倍。(3)林地和荒草地的壤中流TP流失量占TP总流失量的12.12%～25.00%,壤中流TP流失在TP总流失中占据一定比例,在磷素流失中不容忽视。随着雨强增加,林地壤中流TP流失比例由30.66%下降到10.62%。研究成果对探究林地壤中流磷素流失规律和改善生态环境具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

不同利用方式红壤磷素有效性的深度变化——以江西省余江县孙家小流域为例     

姚怡  王艳玲  高振  刘真勇 《土壤通报》2019,(2):365-373

在江西省鹰潭市余江县孙家红壤小流域的典型红壤区随机选取了具有代表性的林地(F)、花生旱地(PU)、新稻田(NP,<30 a)和老稻田(OP,> 200 a),在0~40 cm深度每隔5 cm采集分层土样,分析了土壤全磷(TP)、有效磷(Bray P)、磷素活化系数(PAC)及有机磷(Po)、无机磷(Pi)与各组分磷的深度变化,探讨了土壤pH与土壤有机质(SOM)对红壤磷素有效性的影响。研究结果表明:孙家小流域不同利用方式红壤TP含量大小依次为:老稻田>新稻田>林地>花生旱地;除林地外,花生旱地与稻田土壤TP、Bray P、Pi和Po含量随着土壤深度的增加呈显著降低趋势,且稻田土壤Po含量及其占全磷的比例显著高于林地和花生旱地。花生旱地与稻田0~20 cm土壤中极有效磷(EAP)、中等有效磷(MAP)及EAP、MAP中的无机磷与有机磷的比值均显著高于林地土壤。林地转为旱地和稻田,尤其是长期植稻可以促进土壤非有效磷(NAP)向利于作物吸收的EAP与MAP转化,因而提高土壤磷素有效性。相关分析表明,随着SOM累积量的增加,四种利用方式红壤中EAP、MAP含量均显著提高。  相似文献   

Comparison of multivariate models and variable selection algorithms for rapid analysis of the chemical composition of field crops     

Shengxiang Xu  Meiyan Wang  Xuezheng Shi 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(5):452-464

This study evaluates the use of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid prediction of total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations in field crop samples. Two multivariate models (partial least squares regression and support vector machine regression) were compared. In addition, four spectral variable selection algorithms (competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, genetic algorithm, uninformative variable elimination, and variable importance for projection) were applied with support vector machine regression to determine the most accurate predictions. The results showed that support vector machine regression performed better than partial least squares regression for predicting the three chemical compositions. The combination of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and support vector machine regression outperformed the other models for the predictions of total carbon and total nitrogen with high coefficients of determination of 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. For the determination of total phosphorus, the prediction accuracy of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling was comparable with the best result obtained from genetic algorithm with the coefficients of determination of 0.73 and 0.77, respectively. In conclusion, the support vector machine regression combined with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling has great potential to accurately determine the chemical composition of field crops using the visible and near-infrared spectroscopy.  相似文献   

Effects of nitrogen feeding for extraradical mycelium of Rhizophagus irregularis maize symbiosis incorporated with phosphorus availability     

Zhifang Li  Benard Ngwene  Ting Hong  Eckhard George 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(4):647-655

In terrestrial ecosystems, plants are frequently in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with mineral nutrients and photosynthesis carbon exchanges in between. This research sought to identify the effects of phosphorus (P) levels on the nitrogen (N) uptake via extraradical mycelium (ERM) and the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) of maize plants within the AMF symbiosis. Pots were separated into root compartments and hyphae compartments (HCs) with two layers of a 30‐μm mesh membrane and an air gap in between, where only hyphae could pass through, to avoid both N diffusion and root growth effects. Maize plants were inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis with different N fertilization in HCs under two different P fertilization levels. Our results indicated that a strong increase in MGR with low‐P fertilization. The same tendency was not observed with high‐P fertilization, although both had a large increase in P concentration as a potential source of growth in shoot tissue of mycorrhizal plants. Substantial effects (10.5% more N) were observed in the case of high‐P availability for the host plants from ERM fed with N, whereas under low‐P conditions ERM may prioritize P uptake rather than N uptake. The AM fungi increase the uptake of N and P, which are most limiting in the soil with fewer forces from soil resources. In addition, there was still more P accumulated than N due to the high N for ERM with high‐P supply. Low N in HCs corresponded with a lower colonization rate in roots but with high hyphae density in HCs; this result suggest that N and P availability might change the ratio of extraradical to intraradical hyphae length.  相似文献   

不同林龄杉木林下套种阔叶树对土壤磷组分的影响          下载免费PDF全文

陆宇明  吴东梅  许恩兰  卢胜旭  刘小飞  刘春华  蒋宗垲  郭剑芬 《水土保持学报》2020,34(1):275-282

套种是杉木人工林经营的重要措施,磷是南方森林生态系统中主要限制性养分元素之一,但套种模式对土壤磷素的影响尚不明确。以亚热带杉木人工林表层(0-10 cm)土壤为对象,研究套种林(杉阔套种幼林、杉阔套种成熟林)和杉木幼林土壤理化性质和土壤各形态磷含量差异,分析套种对杉木人工林土壤磷含量的影响。结果表明:(1)不同套种林显著改变土壤总磷、土壤总无机磷、土壤总有机磷、土壤微生物生物量磷(MBP)和土壤酸性磷酸酶活性(APA),大小顺序均为杉阔套种成熟林>杉阔套种幼林>杉木幼林。(2)土壤各磷组分中活性磷含量较低,其中NaHCO3-Po在活性组分中占主导;土壤NaOH-Po是中等活性磷的主要组分,杉阔套种成熟林尤为显著;闭蓄态磷(Residual-P)在总磷含量中最高。(3)与杉木幼林相比,杉阔套种成熟林显著增加了树脂提取态磷(Resin-Pi)、碳酸氢钠提取态有机和无机磷(NaHCO3-Pi、NaHCO3-Po)、氢氧化钠提取态有机和无机磷(NaOH-Pi、NaOH-Po)、氢氧化钠残留提取态有机磷(NaOHu.s-Po)、盐酸提取态磷(HCl-Pi)和闭蓄态磷(Residual-P)含量;土壤总无机磷、NaHCO3-Po、HCl-Pi、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOHu.s-Pi和Residual-P对杉阔套种幼林的响应不敏感。(4)除含水率外不同林龄下杉阔套种林土壤磷形态与土壤理化性质(土壤总碳氮、土壤可溶性有机氮、土壤微生物生物量磷、酸性磷酸酶)呈正相关性(P<0.05)。冗余分析表明,土壤磷组分的变化主要受MBP调控,且MBP与有机磷组分(NaOHu.s-Po、NaOH-Po)和HCI-Pi呈显著正相关。总之,套种林的土壤磷素有效性高于杉木幼林,土壤养分状况更佳。  相似文献   

栖霞市苹果园氮磷养分平衡及环境风险评价   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  

万炜  师纪博  刘忠  韩已文  刘凡  王佳莹  郑曼迪 《农业工程学报》2020,36(4):211-219

栖霞市是中国最主要的苹果产区之一,近年来果园单位面积养分的大量投入造成了区域氮、磷元素的过量富集,进而对当地的土壤、水资源、大气等环境要素造成一定的污染。因此,了解苹果主产区施肥现状,并科学评价其环境风险具有重要的现实意义。以栖霞市为研究区域,通过实地调研、田间试验、室内模拟等方法,分析了苹果园氮磷养分的输入量及输出量,进而构建养分平衡模型,对区域环境风险进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:1)2018年栖霞市苹果园养分投入量为:有机质5360.28 kg/hm^2,N 545 kg/hm^2,P2O5568.76 kg/hm^2,K2O 712.57 kg/hm^2;2)氮素的气态损失、果实及枝条带走量各占输入总量的6.49%、24.34%、3.12%,盈余率达66.04%(402.97 kg/hm^2);磷素被果实和枝条带走量分别占输入总量的12.33%和2.55%,盈余率达85.12%(484.75 kg/hm^2);栖霞市氮、磷盈余量均超出环境安全的阈值,分别属于中风险和高风险范围。因此,在保证果园产量与品质的前提下,适当减少化肥使用量、逐步建立水肥一体化的果园施肥模式、提升果农科学的管理经验,应成为果园可持续发展的主攻方向。  相似文献   

参与碳氮磷转化的水解酶对不同施肥响应的差异   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

闵凯凯  何向阳  吴倩怡  张冠友  胡锋  李辉信  焦加国 《土壤》2020,52(4):718-727

本文旨在研究土壤水解酶对不同施肥的响应差异以及影响因素。通过在红壤中添加牛粪有机肥、化肥进行90d的室内土壤培养试验,采用微孔板荧光法动态分析5、30和90d参与碳氮磷转化的土壤水解酶(α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、磷酸酶)活性。与不施肥(对照)相比,在30 d后,化肥处理的总酶活性显著下降,对应的参与碳氮磷转化酶活性均有不同程度下降;而有机肥处理的总酶活性在培养期内均未发生显著变化,但是其α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶显著增加,而磷酸酶活性显著降低。参与碳转化的4种水解酶中,只有α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性对施肥的响应较强,且施加有机肥增加其活性而无机肥则降低其活性;对于参与氮转化的水解酶而言,化肥明显抑制了亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性,而有机肥增加了β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性;磷酸酶活性明显受到有机肥的抑制作用,而对化肥的响应总体不明显。不同水解酶对不同施肥的响应有明显差异,NMDS分析表明,α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶响应最明显,其次为磷酸酶与木聚糖酶;相关和冗余分析显示,土壤p H、可溶性有机碳对酶活性的影响最大,一定程度说明了不同肥料通过影响土壤理化性质进而影响水解酶活性。  相似文献   

退化红壤植被恢复团聚体及化学计量特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

潘俊  刘苑秋  刘晓君  高盼  白天军  曹雯  谢君毅  刘春梅  袁新月 《水土保持学报》2019,33(4):187-195,320

为了探究不同植被恢复模式对土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)分配格局及其生态化学计量特征的影响,为红壤侵蚀区的植被恢复措施及生态治理模式优化提供科学依据,以江西省泰和县红壤严重退化地为研究对象,对研究区马尾松纯林、湿地松纯林、木荷纯林、马尾松木荷混交林(马木混交林)以及湿地松木荷混交林(湿木混交林)5种植被恢复模式0—20,20—40cm土层不同粒径水稳性团聚体C、N、P分配格局及其化学计量特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)0—40cm不同粒径团聚体分别占总重56.34%(>2mm),30.01%(0.25~2mm),7.14%(0.053~0.25mm),6.54%(<0.053mm),各植被恢复模式土壤水稳性团聚体含量随着粒径的减小而降低,且差异显著(p<0.05),马木混交林>2mm土壤水稳性团聚体含量显著高于其他恢复模式(p<0.05);(2)各植被恢复模式土壤C、N、P含量以马木混交林及湿地松纯林较高,水稳性团聚体C、N、P的含量总体随着粒径减小呈升高的趋势,以较小粒级养分含量较高,且存在显著差异(p<0.05);土层间C、N含量差异显著,P无显著差异,C∶N、C∶P及N∶P存在显著差异(p<0.05);粒径间C∶N、C∶P及N∶P存在显著差异;土壤团聚体C、N与C∶N、C∶P、N∶P均呈极显著相关关系,N∶P值较高且P与N∶P存在显著负相关性(p<0.05);(3)土壤C、N与土壤团聚体C、N含量显著相关(p<0.05),土壤团聚体C、N与土壤容重及含水率存在极显著相关性(p<0.01)。研究结果表明,不同植被恢复模式对土壤养分的改善作用主要集中于表层土壤;土壤团聚体养分对土壤养分状况具有指示作用,且土壤团聚体养分保持能力与土壤物理性质有关;研究区植被生长限制因素以P限制为主且大团聚体和微团聚体受P限制作用更严重;马木混交林较其它植被恢复模式对土壤质量和结构提升均具有显著作用。  相似文献   

狗牙根与空心莲对水库消落带土壤氮磷释放影响的模拟     

吕凤玲  欧阳炜  宋艳暾  蔡崇法  郝蓉  王军光 《水土保持学报》2019,33(3):240-245,253

通过水库水位涨落室内模拟试验,探究丹江口库区消落带优势物种狗牙根和空心莲2种草本植物对土壤氮磷释放过程影响。结果表明:(1)水淹结束后(32天),空心莲子草土壤TN、TP分别降低11.75%,25.28%,狗牙根分别降低3.62%,25.77%。(2)干湿交替环境主要影响土壤中NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和AP的含量的变化,对土壤中的TN、TP含量的影响较小。(3)狗牙根的死亡增加土壤TN、NH_4~+-N、TP量,即不耐淹植被过滤带虽然能净化径流中N、P等污染物,但截留的污染物和植物吸收的养分随着植物体的分解再次进入水体或土壤,无法达到有效防控农业面源污染的目的。该研究为丹江口水库利用植被缓冲带防控水体富营养化提供一定理论依据。  相似文献