关于农村基层学习型党组织建设现状、问题的调查及对策思考     

杨建荣 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,(4):1-5

在农村基层创建学习型党组织,对于引导农村党员干部开拓发展思路,提升新农村建设能力,巩固党在农村的执政基础,加快农村小康社会的建设进程具有重要意义。但是,农村地区由于学习资源有限,人才短缺等原因,在农村基层创建学习型党组织还存在诸多问题,也面临很多困难。本文以调查为基础,分析了当前农村基层学习型党组织建设存在认识不足、人才缺乏、学习内容单调、学习手段单一等突出问题,并从组织保障、人才支持、创新手段、健全制度等方面提出了对策。  相似文献   

Destratification in deep fish culture reservoirs in Israel: Practice and modelling     

Ana Milstein  Myron Zoran  Hans Juergen Krambeck 《Aquaculture International》2001,9(1):3-15

Thermal stratification negatively affects water quality, and thus is a threatto fish culture in deep water ponds and reservoirs. To prevent and controlit, a device based on an underwater propeller that vertically transportsoxygen rich warm water from the epilimnion down to the anoxic and colderhypolimnion was assembled. The empirical results so far obtained in Israelidual purpose reservoirs for field crop irrigation and fish culture aresummarized herein, and a mathematical model of the device's effect onreservoir thermal structure is presented.  相似文献   

吉林省民营高等学校资源配置效率研究     

王立  ;吴迪  ;姜会明 《吉林农业科技学院学报》2014,(4):25-27

民营高等学校是我国重要的人才培养渠道,自20世纪80年代以来,民营高等教育进入了飞速发展时期。吉林省民营高校经过多年的改革和探索已有了跨越式的发展,但如何使其从粗放型发展向内涵式发展转变,实现教育资源合理配置是关键。本文从调查研究吉林省民营高等学校资源配置的实际情况出发,采用数据包络分析方法（DEA）,评价民营高等学校资源配置效率问题,可以看出,吉林省民营高等院校在资源配置上依然存在着非效率的情况,本文据此提出相应建议。  相似文献   

The importance of safety signals in animal handling and training     

《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2014,9(6):382-387

This review considers the importance of safety for various species of domestic animals and explains how the need for safety may motivate them to offer a variety of unwelcome responses. We argue that the value of safety to animals is often overlooked by trainers and handlers. As a result, animal owners, handlers, trainers, and veterinarians are regularly injured, and training may fail. Reinforced responses that increase the animal's perceived sense of safety but simultaneously endanger the safety of handlers or trainers may lead to the inadvertent training of dangerous responses. This review offers suggestions about how safety can be used effectively and humanely as a resource in operant training. Training calmness in the presence of a specific stimulus that is associated with safety may deserve closer attention. The ethics of creating the need for safety in domestic animals as part of a training regime are discussed. It emerges that the highly prized attribute of so-called trust in animal–trainer dyads may, at least sometimes, be a manifestation of trainers acting as safety signals. Similarly, animals said to have confidence in and regard for their handlers may value the relative safety they afford.  相似文献   

The slow rise of technology: Computer vision techniques in fish population connectivity     

Sebastian Lopez-Marcano  Christopher J. Brown  Michael Sievers  Rod M. Connolly 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(1):210-217

1. Technological advancements in data collection and analysis are producing a new generation of ecological data. Among these, computer vision (CV) has received increased attention for its robust capabilities for rapidly processing large volumes of digital imagery.
2. In marine ecosystems, the study of fish connectivity provides fundamental information for assessing fisheries stocks, designing and implementing protected areas and understanding the impact of habitat loss. While the field of fish connectivity has benefited from technological advancements, the extent to which novel techniques, such as CV, have been utilized has not been assessed. To inform future directions and developments, this study reviewed the current use of CV in fish connectivity research, quantified how the implementation of such technology in fish connectivity research compared with other areas of marine research and described how this field could benefit from CV.
3. The review found that the use of remote camera systems in fish connectivity research is increasing, but the implementation of automated analysis of digital imagery has been slow. Successful implementation and expansion of CV frameworks in aquaculture and coral reef ecology suggest that CV techniques could greatly benefit fish connectivity research.
4. A case study of potential use of CV in fish connectivity research, scaling up optimal foraging models to predict marine population connectivity, highlights how beneficial it could be.
5. The capacity for CV techniques to be adopted alongside traditional approaches, the unparalleled speed, accuracy and reliability of these approaches and the benefits of being able to study ecosystems along multiple spatial–temporal scales, all make CV a valuable tool for assessing connectivity. Ultimately, these technologies can assist data-driven decisions that directly influence the health and productivity of marine ecosystems.

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Social learning in fishes: a review   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

Culum Brown  & Kevin N Laland 《Fish and Fisheries》2003,4(3):280-288

Animals acquire skills and knowledge from other animals, and fish are no exception. There is now strong experimental evidence that many species of fish exhibit social learning and traditional behaviours. Here, we review the literature pertaining to social learning in fish, focusing on (i) antipredator behaviour, (ii) migration and orientation, (iii) foraging, (iv) mate choice and (v) eavesdropping.  相似文献   

The role of learning in fish orientation   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Lucy Odling-Smee  & Victoria A Braithwaite 《Fish and Fisheries》2003,4(3):235-246

Past research on fish orientation and migration has tended to focus on genetically fixed patterns of behaviour. However, in most aquatic environments, the physical landscape as well as biologically important locations will be subject to varying degrees of change, favouring an ability to learn. Here, we review the evidence from field and laboratory‐based experiments that fish can and do use learning and memory to orientate within their natural environments, relying on information from a diverse array of different sources. Comparisons of different species and populations suggest that fish may be predisposed to learn specific associations at specific times or places, appropriate for the particular navigational problems that they are likely to encounter.  相似文献   

小麦面条和面过程不同阶段面絮的划分与自动识别   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

史赵建  胡新中  李亮  刘玲  雷洋 《农业工程学报》2022,38(5):279-287

和面是小麦面条加工过程中重要的一道工序,主要依据人工经验判断和面终点,缺少基于客观分析的自动化评价方法。为了实现和面过程的自动化,该研究依据小麦面条和面过程中面絮颗粒宏观状态,通过面絮状态图像的数据分析,并且从面条质构、水分状态及分布、蛋白质分子特性及微观结构揭示和面阶段划分的依据。结果表明,和面过程可以划分为初始面粉（阶段1）、润湿黏连（阶段2）、聚集成形（阶段3）、破裂分散（阶段4）和稳定平衡（阶段5）5个阶段,阶段5占和面总时间的50%左右;从阶段2到稳定平衡阶段初期（阶段5-1）,面片的硬度、弹性和咀嚼性逐渐增加并达到最大,在稳定平衡阶段中后期（阶段5-2、5-3）,面片硬度等指标数值下降;低场核磁共振与核磁共振成像分析结果表明,阶段2的水分自由度高,和面过程加速了水分在固、液、气三相之间的交换,并在阶段5达到稳定;所有和面阶段中氢键、离子键的强度明显低于疏水相互作用的强度,游离巯基含量在阶段5-2、5-3逐渐降低至稳定,二硫键含量在此阶段逐渐增多并保持稳定,蛋白质实现充分交联,决定了面条微观结构和宏观状态。构建基于深度学习的Transfer-ResNet50网络模型,实现和面阶段面絮图像的自动识别,模型识别准确率达98.5%,具有良好的可靠性,可以实现和面终点的自动判断。综上所述,面絮宏观颗粒状态可以作为和面过程划分的可靠依据,深度学习也为小麦面条和面过程自动控制提供新的思路。  相似文献   

基于两点机器学习方法的土壤有机质空间分布预测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王雨雪  杨柯  高秉博  冯爱萍  田娟  姜传亮  杨建宇 《农业工程学报》2022,38(12):65-73

准确预测土壤有机质（Soil Organic Matter,SOM）空间分布对精细农业、耕地质量建设、生态环境保护以及固碳减排等均具有重要的意义。该研究探讨了基于两点机器学习方法（Two-point Machine Learning,TPML）提高SOM空间分布预测的可行性。以黑龙江省海伦市为研究区,以气候、地形地貌、社会经济和空间位置信息等因素作为辅助变量,充分利用空间位置信息和属性相似关系,有效处理SOM空间分布异质性及其与辅助变量间关系异质性,以提高TPML方法进行SOM空间分布预测的精度。采用随机森林、基于随机森林的回归克里格、反距离权重法和普通克里格（Ordinary Kriging,OK）方法作为对比,以平均绝对误差（Mean Absolute Error,MAE）、均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）、预测值与真实值相关系数（r）和决定系数（R2）作为评价指标,进行不同样本量下的多组对比试验,评价不同方法的预测精度。结果表明：1）研究区SOM含量在1.775～7.188 g/kg之间,平均值为3.179 g/kg,空间分布不均匀,呈东高西低的分布趋势。2）在不同样本量条件下,与其他模型相比,TPML的预测精度均最高,其MAE（0.088～0.097 g/kg）和RMSE（0.116～0.139 g/kg）均为最小,r（0.992～0.996）和R2（0.971～0.985）均为最高。3）预测值的误差标准差（理论误差）与实际误差具有相似的空间模式,说明TPML可以为预测结果提供合理的不确定性估计。综上,TPML模型可以通过同时利用空间自相关性和属性相似性来提高预测精度,该模型适用于预测具有一定空间自相关性且具有可用辅助数据的资源环境变量。  相似文献   

基于特征迁移学习的变工况下轴向柱塞泵故障诊断     

姜万录  岳毅  张淑清  马骏  马歆宇  邹佳运 《农业工程学报》2022,38(5):45-55

不同工况下的轴向柱塞泵故障数据存在分布差异,现有的基于特征迁移学习的变工况故障诊断方法大多只通过单个传感器信号进行分析,具有一定的局限性和片面性。为了利用多传感器信号提高变工况下轴向柱塞泵故障诊断的性能,该研究提出一种耦合分类器子空间嵌入分布自适应（Subspace Embedded Distribution Adaptation with Coupled Classifiers, SEDACC）方法。该方法利用多传感器信号的频谱数据构造主要数据集和辅助数据集,通过子空间对齐（Subspace Alignment, SA）方法将源域和目标域的主要数据投影到公共子空间中,并采用加权条件最大均值差异（Weighted Conditional Maximum Mean Discrepancy, WCMMD）作为度量进行特征分布的适配。同时,基于结构风险最小化（Structural Risk Minimization, SRM）准则在源域标签数据上学习主分类器,根据主分类器对于目标域的预测结果在目标域辅助数据上学习辅助分类器。通过交替和迭代策略不断优化分类器参数,最后对二者进行加权融合得到最终的诊断模型。通过轴向柱塞泵变工况故障诊断试验进行验证,结果表明,当以垂直于端盖的z方向振动信号为主要数据并使用声音信号（或以平行于端盖的x方向的振动信号）作为辅助数据时,SEDACC方法在6种迁移任务中的平均准确率为99.88%（99.46%）,高于其他方法。此外,所提方法在目标工况样本稀少的情况下仍具有较高的诊断精度,当目标域和源域样本数比值为0.2时,6种迁移任务的平均准确率达到92.66%。研究结果可为更完备与准确的机械故障诊断提供参考。  相似文献