腐烂茎线虫综合防治研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨艺炜  王家哲  常青  刘晨  李英梅 《现代农业科技》2020,(4)

腐烂茎线虫是一类分布范围广泛、取食部位多样的全球检疫性有害生物,是一类重要的植物病原线虫,对我国马铃薯、甘薯的种植推广具有很大影响。本文结合了腐烂茎线虫综合防治研究成果,介绍了腐烂茎线虫的症状、病原流行、侵染规律以及防治措施,并在此基础上分析了腐烂茎线虫的主要研究重点和方向,以期为腐烂茎线虫的防治提供参考。  相似文献   

Potential for nitrogen fertilization and Hessian fly-resistance to improve Morocco's dryland wheat yields     

J. Ryan  M. Abdel Monem  J. P. Shroyer  M. El Bouhssini  M. M. Nachit 《European Journal of Agronomy》1998,8(3-4):153-159

Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor, Say) is a perennial scourge of cereal production in the Mediterranean region, particularly in North Africa. In Morocco, it accounts for considerable yield losses of wheat (Triticum spp.), especially in the semi-arid southwestern coastal provinces. Breeding for resistance is the only feasible approach to abate its effects. Nine major Hessian fly-resistance genes have been identified in bread wheat. Two bread wheat varieties have these characteristics; the first variety with complete resistance was ‘Saada’, released to farmers in 1989, whereas a tolerant variety ‘Massira’ was released in 1994. Another widespread limiting factor for all cereals in Morocco is lack of adequate nitrogen (N). With favorable farmer acceptance, Saada became the focus of on-farm N fertilizer trials throughout the low rainfall (250-450 mm year⁻¹) zone, where it consistently out-yielded the susceptible common bread wheat, Nesma, except when no Hessian fly infestation occurred. In most cases, 40 kg N ha⁻¹ was adequate for maximum yield. Substituting resistant cultivars for Hessian fly-susceptible cultivars and increased N use could have an immediate and positive effect on wheat production in Morocco, especially in areas where the insect is endemic. The future impact will be greater when Hessian fly resistance is also transferred to other bread wheat cultivars and to durum (T. durum) wheat, the major staple food in the Mediterranean region.  相似文献   

枣树重要害虫——枣星粉蚧和枣树皑粉蚧的识别     

虞国跃  周在豹  王合 《植物保护》2020,46(3):163-166

有文献报道,枣葵粉蚧"Trionymus sp."是河北省枣树上的一种重要害虫,但我国蚧虫的重要文献上并没有记录这一种。国内有关枣星粉蚧Heliococcus destructor Borchsenius(=Heliococcus zizyphi Borchsenius)的生物学,实来自枣葵粉蚧。枣葵粉蚧其实是一个新的枣树害虫,2016年定名为枣树皑粉蚧Crisicoccus ziziphus Zhang et Wu。本文记述了这两种粉蚧的研究历史、形态区别特征,并提供了生态图片,供生产上鉴别参考。  相似文献   

Significant transcriptional changes in mature daughter Varroa destructor mites during infestation of different developmental stages of honeybees     

Jiangli Wu  Hany M Elsheikha  Yangyang Tu  Awraris Getachew  Huaiyu Zhou  Chunxue Zhou  Shufa Xu 《Pest management science》2020,76(8):2736-2745

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椰凹圆蚧的研究     

唐尚杰  秦汉忠  王东晓 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》1991,(3)

椰凹圆蚧在上海地区年发生3代,以受精雌成虫越冬,第1代孵化盛期在4月底至5月上旬;第2、3代孵化期为7月与9月。卵的发育起点度为12.33±1.47℃;有效积温为60.76±6.61日度。用40％氧化乐果1500倍液在孵化始、盛期两次喷雾;杀虫效果可达95％以上,  相似文献   

Pyrethroid resistance discovered in a major agricultural pest in southern Australia: the redlegged earth mite Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae)     

Umina PA 《Pest management science》2007,63(12):1185-1190

BACKGROUND: The redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor Tucker) is an important pest of field crops and pastures. Control of this pest relies heavily on chemicals, with few genuine alternatives presently available. Pesticide responses of H. destructor from the field with reported chemical control failures were compared with mites from susceptible 'control' populations. Toxicology bioassays were conducted on adult mites across multiple generations. RESULTS: Very high levels of resistance to two synthetic pyrethroids, bifenthrin and alpha-cypermethrin, were detected in this species for the first time. For bifenthrin, LC(50) estimates showed a difference in resistance of greater than 240 000-fold. Resistance to alpha-cypermethrin was almost 60 000-fold. This resistance was shown to be heritable, persisting after several generations of culturing. There was no evidence that resistance to organophosphorus chemicals had evolved, which is likely to be a direct consequence of the history of chemical applications these mites have experienced. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the need for more judicious management decisions in order to control pest species in a sustainable manner. The implications of these findings in regard to the management and future research of the redlegged earth mite are discussed.  相似文献   

大豆根际促生菌Sneb207对不同种类线虫毒性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙华  段玉玺  陈立杰  王媛媛 《大豆科学》2009,28(4)

从大豆根瘤中分离到1株根际促生菌Sneb207,经鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium).室内测定结果表明:其发酵产物对豆苗生长促生效果显著,发酵液灭菌后仍具有促生活性,具有广泛的应用价值.用该菌发酵液测定了对各种线虫的作用,结果表明毒力作用具有差异,大小顺序分别为大豆胞囊线虫、北方根结线虫、水稻干尖线虫和腐烂茎线虫.不同浓度发酵液对大豆胞囊线虫均有较好的防治作用,与无菌水对照处理有显著差异.说明细菌菌株Sneb207是控制大豆胞囊线虫病且促进大豆生长的有效因子.  相似文献   

应用蜜蜂营养杂交技术培育抗螨蜂种   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

谢宪兵  彭文君  曾志将 《中国农业科学》2008,41(5):1530-1535

 【目的】大蜂螨是中国饲养的西方蜜蜂最重要病虫害之一,多年来药物防治蜂螨,一方面蜜蜂对药物产生了很强的抗药性,另一方面治螨药物在一定程度上会污染蜂产品。本研究通过蜜蜂营养杂交,探讨培育抗螨蜂种的可行性。【方法】采用中华蜜蜂的蜂王浆饲喂意大利蜜蜂工蜂小幼虫,然后测定营养杂交后代工蜂形态指标、苹果酸脱氢酶Ⅱ的基因型频率和基因频率、蜂群遗传相似系数以及抗螨力。【结果】营养杂交子后代工蜂的吻长、右前翅面积、腹部第3+4背板总长、第4背板突间距、第6腹节面积、蜡镜面积6个指标与亲本工蜂之间存在显著差异,但肘脉指数、跗节指数和翅钩数与亲本差异不显著;营养杂交子后代工蜂的苹果酸脱氢酶Ⅱ基因型频率和基因频率存在一定的变异;营养杂交子后代之间遗传相似系数明显高于亲本意大利蜜蜂;营养杂交子后代的工蜂抗螨力显著高于亲本意大利蜜蜂。【结论】通过蜜蜂营养杂交,可以改变营养杂交后代工蜂形态、生理生化、分子遗传相似性及抗螨力等特性。蜜蜂营养杂交可成为蜜蜂育种一条新途径。  相似文献   

不同药剂处理对甘薯茎线虫种群数量动态的影响     

赵荣艳  王朝阳  杨蕊 《广东农业科学》2009,(11):97-99

研究了4种药剂处理下,甘薯茎线虫在土壤中的消长动态规律.结果表明:在甘薯的整个生长过程中,无论采用哪种药剂处理,土壤中的线虫数量均是在甘薯的生长中期(8月)最多,达到土壤中线虫数量的高峰期:而益收丰处理下土壤中甘薯茎线虫的数量及变化幅度与空白对照处理基本相似,另3种药剂处理在8月线虫数量最高峰时,每100 g干土线虫数量只有益收丰处理和对照的约1/3,说明除丰山益收丰外,其他3种药剂能显著抑制土壤中线虫数量发展.  相似文献   

“瑞奇”高效有机肥对当归产量及构成因素的研究     

邱黛玉  蔺海明  王福安  何春雨  漆琚涛  马占川 《中国农学通报》2005,21(3):200-200

研究了施用新型高效有机肥料对当归根的形态﹑根重﹑产量以及麻口病害发生率的影响。结果表明：施用高效有机肥处理的鲜、干芦头径分别为3.67cm和2.57cm，较施用化肥处理增大10.54%和7.08%，鲜、干主身径分别提高7.69%、6.60%；单根干重为38.82，比化肥处理增大15.02%,平均“干/鲜” 比增加了40%；施用高效有机肥处理的成苗率提高了4.11%，干归公顷产量也高于化肥处理，达到2371.84 kg/hm2；施用高效有机肥处理的麻口病发病率为6.95%，低于施用化肥处理17.04%，有利于当归的高产、优质栽培。  相似文献