排序方式： 共有59条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
双氰胺对赤红壤中氯化铵硝化抑制效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究双氰胺（DCD）对赤红壤中氯化铵硝化抑制效率的影响,为提高赤红壤氮肥利用率和减少氮肥污染提供科学依据。【方法】设置双氰胺6个土壤浓度梯度处理,采用室内好气恒温培养方法进行研究。【结果】赤红壤中添加DCD在同一培养时间均能显著降低土壤较高的铵态氮含量,提高硝态氮含量。但添加0.6%～1.0%DCD对氯化铵抑制作用效果相差不大。赤红壤中添加DCD对氯化铵的硝化抑制效率有3个高峰期：第1个高峰期在1～3d,第2个高峰期在28d,第3个高峰期在45d。【结论】DCD双氰胺与氯化铵配施能有效抑制氯化铵的硝化作用,氯化铵在赤红壤上使用时以配施0.6%DCD为宜。 相似文献
42.
建立超高效液相色谱质谱联用法检测饲料、牛乳及乳制品中双氰胺的方法.研究适用于检测饲料、牛乳及乳制品的前处理方法,并对色谱柱进行了选择.样品经乙腈提取、C18固相萃取填料净化后,低温冷冻离心除掉杂质,含0.1％甲酸的乙腈溶液和含0.1％甲酸的10 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液梯度洗脱,通过Acquity BEH Amide色谱柱分离,电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式进行检测.结果表明:该方法在1～1 000 μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r大于0.995,饲料定量限最高40 μg/kg.不同添加质量浓度的回收率为80.5％～108.4％,相对标准偏差小于7.0％.该方法具有简单方便、检测周期短,适用于饲料、牛乳及乳制品检测等特点. 相似文献
43.
2013年1月,新西兰牛乳及乳制品中双氰胺的检出,引起了全世界广泛的关注.因此,乳制品中双氰胺的检测方法成为了关注的热点问题.本文主要综述了乳及乳制品中双氰胺的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS/MS)、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)及超快速液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,UFLC-MS/MS)的检测方法,包括样品的提取和净化、色谱柱的选择、液相条件的优化、质谱检测方式以及基质效应. 相似文献
44.
LIU Ya-nan LI Ying-chun PENG Zheng-ping WANG Yan-qun MA Shao-yun GUO Li-ping LIN Er-da HAN Xue 《农业科学学报》2015,14(6):1184-1191
Nitrogen(N) is one of the macronutrients required for plant growth, and reasonable application of N fertilizers can increase crop yields and improve their quality. However, excessive application of N fertilizers will decrease N use efficiency and also lead to increases in N2 O emissions from agricultural soils and many other environmental issues. Research on the effects of different N fertilizer management practices on wheat yields and N2 O emissions will assist the selection of effective N management measures which enable achieving high wheat yields while reducing N2 O emissions. To investigate the effects of different N management practices on wheat yields and soil N2 O emissions, we conducted field trials with 5 treatments of no N fertilizer(CK), farmers common N rate(AN), optimal N rate(ON), 20% reduction in optimal rate+dicyandiamide(ON80%+DCD), 20% reduction in optimal rate+nano-carbon(ON80%+NC). The static closed chamber gas chromatography method was used to monitor N2 O emissions during the wheat growing season. The results showed that there were obvious seasonal characteristics of N2 O emissions under each treatment and N2 O emissions were mainly concentrated in the sowing-greening stage, accounting for 54.6–68.2% of the overall emissions. Compared with AN, N2 O emissions were decreased by 23.1, 45.4 and 33.7%, respectively, under ON, ON80%+DCD and ON80%+NC, and emission factors were declined by 22.2, 66.7 and 33.3%, respectively. Wheat yield was increased significantly under ON80%+DCD and ON80%+NC by 12.3 and 11.9%, respectively, relative to AN while there was no significant change in yield in the ON treatment. Compared with ON, overall N2 O emissions were decreased by 29.1 and 13.9% while wheat yields improved by 18.3 and 17.9% under ON80%+DCD and ON80%+NC, respectively. We therefore recommend that ON80%+DCD and ON80%+NC be referred as effective N management practices increasing yields while mitigating emissions. 相似文献
45.
过磷酸钙和双氰胺联用减少污泥堆肥温室气体及NH3排放 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为研究添加剂过磷酸钙和硝化抑制剂双氰胺联用对脱水污泥高温好氧堆肥氨气和温室气体减排的影响效果,该文以脱水污泥和玉米秸秆为原材料,设置4个堆肥处理分别为:不添加任何添加剂作为对照(CK),只添加3.5%(湿基)过磷酸钙为SP3.5,在添加0.1%双氰胺基础上分别加入3.5%(湿基)过磷酸钙(SD3.5)和5.0%(湿基)过磷酸钙(SD5.0)控制材料,在60 L发酵罐中进行为期34 d好氧高温堆肥试验,监测堆肥过程中的温室气体、氨气排放速率及堆体总有机碳和总氮损失率。结果表明:添加过磷酸钙及硝化抑制剂双氰胺可以促进堆肥腐熟和提高堆肥品质,同时降低堆肥过程中的总氮损失、NH_3排放以及显著减少污泥堆肥总温室气体排放。2种添加剂联合使用使SD3.5和SD5.0处理氮素损失相比于CK处理减少10.92%和13.08%,总温室气体排放量比对照减少65.6%和74.8%。该研究可为污泥堆肥添加剂的选择以及污染气体的减排控制提供参考。 相似文献
46.
炭输入及生化调控对设施菜田土壤N_2O排放的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以河北永清蔬菜基地设施菜田土壤为研究对象,控制温度(25±1)℃和土壤含水量(70%WFPS),采用静态培养方法,通过监测培养期间土壤N_2O排放通量、无机氮含量及土壤中酶活性的变化情况,研究炭输入及生化调控对设施菜田N_2O排放及氮素转化的影响。结果表明,土壤添加尿素后,N_2O排放峰值达到644.11μg N·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),添加双氰胺(DCD)和石灰氮(CaCN_2)的土壤N_2O排放峰值分别为101.47μg N·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)和36.74μg N·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),对于N_2O减排效果好,且能有效抑制亚硝态氮的产生;施用控释尿素、添加黑炭或有机肥能减少N_2O排放,而添加石灰氮闷棚显著增加了N_2O排放。控释尿素、秸秆、黑炭、DCD和CaCN_2均对铵态氮向硝态氮的转化有一定抑制作用,施加石灰氮或有机肥有助于减少硝态氮向亚硝态氮的转化。相关分析表明,土壤中硝态氮和亚硝态氮含量增加,有助于反硝化过程的进行,增加了N_2O排放的风险。 相似文献
47.
玉米滴灌栽培条件下尿素与氢醌、双氰胺配施方法及效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究通过在滴灌栽培条件下将脲酶抑制剂氢醌(简称HQ)、硝化抑制剂双氰胺(简称DCD)和尿素在玉米盆栽试验中进行配施,以探求HQ和DCD在滴灌施氮肥条件下应用的可行性。试验共设17个处理。试验结果表明:在滴灌施尿素条件下,加入0.3%HQ、0.5%HQ和5.0%DCD于溶液中,尿素的氮素利用率分别为74.8%、75.8%和75.3%,均显著高于单独施用尿素处理;当将HQ和DCD进行土壤施用并配合滴灌浇水时,HQ对提高氮肥利用率无显著作用,但DCD的施用能显著提高尿素氮的利用率;HQ和DCD在滴灌施肥条件下的施用效果要好于土壤施用效果。 相似文献
48.
Abdul HADI Oslan JUMADI Kazuyuki INUBUSHI Kazuyuki YAGI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(4):644-649
Field experiments were designed to quantify N2 O emissions from corn fields after the application of different types of nitrogen fertilizers. Plots were established in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, and given either urea (200 kg ha−1 ), urea (170 kg ha−1 ) + dicyandiamide ([DCD] 20 kg ha−1 ) or controlled-release fertilizer LP-30 (214 kg ha−1 ) prior to the plantation of corn seeds (variety BISI 2). Each fertilizer treatment was equivalent to 90 kg N ha−1 . Plots without chemical N fertilizer were also prepared as a control. The field was designed to have three replicates for each treatment with a randomized block design. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured at 4, 8, 12, 21, 31, 41, 51, 72 and 92 days after fertilizer application (DAFA). Total N2 O emission was the highest from the urea plots, followed by the LP-30 plots. The emissions from the urea + DCD plots did not differ from those from the control plots. The N2 O emission from the urea + DCD plots was approximately one thirtieth of that from the urea treatment. However, fertilizer type had no effect on grain yield. Thus, the use of urea + DCD is considered to be the best mitigation option among the tested fertilizer applications for N2 O emission from corn fields in Kalimantan, Indonesia. 相似文献
49.
Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions in spray-irrigated grazed grassland by treating the soil with dicyandiamide, a nitrification inhibitor 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2 O) from animal excreta in grazed pasture systems makes up a significant component (c. 10%) of New Zealand's total greenhouse gas inventory. We report an effective method to decrease N2 O emissions from animal urine patches by treating the soil with the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), in a simulated grazed dairy pasture system under spray irrigation. The soil was a free-draining Lismore stony silt loam (Udic Haplustept loamy skeletal) and the pasture was a mixture of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) and white clover ( Trifolium repens ). By treating the soil with DCD, N2 O emissions were decreased by 76% following urine application in the autumn, from 26.7 kg N2 O-N ha−1 without DCD to an average of 6.4 kg N2 O-N ha−1 with DCD over the 6-month experimental period. N2 O flux was decreased by 78% following urine application in the spring, from 18 kg N2 O-N ha−1 without DCD to 3.9 kg N2 O-N ha−1 with the application of DCD over the 3-month period. A single application of DCD immediately after urine was sufficient to effectively mitigate N2 O emissions from the urine. The results showed that repeated applications of DCD after urine application, or mixing DCD with urine, offered no advantage over a single application of DCD immediately after urine deposition. 相似文献
50.
本研究以河北永清蔬菜基地设施菜田土壤为研究对象,控制温度（25依1）益和土壤含水量（70% WFPS）,采用静态培养方法,通过监测培养期间土壤N2O排放通量、无机氮含量及土壤中酶活性的变化情况,研究炭输入及生化调控对设施菜田N2O排放及氮素转化的影响。结果表明,土壤添加尿素后,N2O排放峰值达到644.11 μg N·kg-1·d-1,添加双氰胺（DCD）和石灰氮（CaCN2）的土壤N2O排放峰值分别为101.47 μg N·kg-1·d-1和36.74 μg N·kg-1·d-1,对于N2O减排效果好,且能有效抑制亚硝态氮的产生;施用控释尿素、添加黑炭或有机肥能减少N2O排放,而添加石灰氮闷棚显著增加了N2O排放。控释尿素、秸秆、黑炭、DCD和CaCN2均对铵态氮向硝态氮的转化有一定抑制作用,施加石灰氮或有机肥有助于减少硝态氮向亚硝态氮的转化。相关分析表明,土壤中硝态氮和亚硝态氮含量增加,有助于反硝化过程的进行,增加了N2O排放的风险。 相似文献