西南丘陵旱地农作制现状及旱地新3熟"麦/玉/豆"发展优势分析     

王小春  杨文钰  雍太文 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(9):3962-3963

在分析西南丘陵旱地农作制度面临的主要问题的基础上,提出了该区现代农作制度的发展趋势,并对旱地新3熟“麦/玉/豆”的发展优势与前景进行了分析。  相似文献   

Potassium Quantity–Intensity Parameters and Their Correlation with Bean Plant Indices in Some Calcareous Soils     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):1480-1488

Plant availability of potassium (K) in soils is controlled by dynamic interactions among its different pools. Potassium quantity–intensity (Q/I) parameters were determined to relate them to bean plant indices in a pot experiment. The results showed that the activity ratio at equilibrium (AR^k) ranged from 0.015 to 0.358 (mmol L^?1)^0.50, the potential buffering capacity (PBC) ranged from 7.54 to 26.32 mmol kg^?1/(mmol L^?1)^0.50, the labile K (Δk°) ranged from 9.1 to 112.2 mg kg^?1, and the K adsorbed at specific sites (Kx) ranged from 6.51 to 69.69 mg kg^?1. The results of pot experiment showed that some K Q/I parameters were significantly correlated with some plant indices. Also, the correlation study showed that readily exchangeable K was significantly correlated with K Q/I parameters except K_x. The results of this research show that the K Q/I method can be used for estimating of soil K availability for bean.  相似文献   

几种土壤酶活性对低分子量聚乙烯的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶宗娅  曹小卫  罗学刚  黎霞  周志芳 《土壤通报》2012,(5):1104-1110

普通塑料地膜在自然条件下难以降解,环境可降解地膜则相对容易地降解形成大小不等的膜碎片样残留物,这一类低分子量残留物是否对环境造成危害,是当前急需证明的问题。研究低分子量聚乙烯(LMWPE)对土壤中几种关键酶活性的影响,对环境可降解地膜的推广使用具有重要意义。本研究利用不同分子量聚乙烯粉末,模拟可降解地膜降解后的聚乙烯组分,将不同分子量(2000、5000和10万以上)和不同累积量(1年量、10年量、50年量和100年量)的LMWPE粉末添加在土壤中,自然条件下盆栽种植蚕豆,研究土壤中三种关键酶对LMWPE处理的响应。结果显示,蚕豆苗期、开花初期、开花期、结荚鼓粒期和成熟期,LMWPE对土壤脲酶、过氧化物酶、碱性磷酸酶活性具有不同程度的激活作用,其中以添加LMW-PE分子量2000且累计量100年的处理(AS)对三种土壤酶的激活作用最为显著;随着LMWPE累计量增加,三种土壤酶活性增幅呈显著增加的趋势;LMWPE分子量处理对三种酶活性影响的差异大多未达显著水平;蚕豆根系的形成和生长对三种土壤酶活性具有显著影响。结果表明,在环境因素作用下可实现可降解地膜的无害化降解,低分子量聚乙烯可能具有改善土壤微环境的潜力。  相似文献   

发芽蚕豆左旋多巴超声强化提取及其动力学过程   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋江峰  李大婧  刘春泉 《农业工程学报》2012,28(19):248-254

为了充分提取和利用高生物活性的天然左旋多巴(L-DOPA),研究了超声波强化提取发芽蚕豆L-DOPA的工艺条件,并初步探讨了超声浸提动力学过程。基于单因素试验,以超声功率、液固比、萃取时间为考察因素,采用Box-Behnken试验设计进行了工艺参数优化,结果表明,超声功率对发芽蚕豆L-DOPA得率的影响较大;原料用量2.0g,采用含30%乙醇的0.1mol/L醋酸溶液为提取溶剂,其较佳提取工艺条件为:超声功率257W、液固比31mL/g、萃取时间为37.4min。在此条件下,发芽蚕豆L-DOPA的平均得率为1.47%,较未发芽蚕豆增加0.58倍,略高于传统提取法,且超声强化提取显著缩短了浸提时间。对最优提取条件下L-DOPA得率随时间变化的动力学分别用Film模型、非稳态扩散理论和Ponomaryov经验方程进行拟合,其中Film理论模型的拟合度较好,其决定系数R2值最大,为0.9928。研究结果为天然L-DOPA制备提供了参考。  相似文献   

On-farm selection for quality and resistance to pest/diseases of cocoa in Sulawesi: (ii) quality and performance of selections against Phytophthora pod rot and vascular-streak dieback     

Peter McMahon  Agus Purwantara  Agung W. Susilo  Sri Sukamto  Abdul Wahab  Hussin bin Purung 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):351-361

The cocoa industry in Sulawesi, the main region of cocoa production in Indonesia, is threatened by destructive diseases, including vascular-streak dieback (VSD) caused by the basidiomycete Oncobasidium theobromae and stem canker and Phytophthora pod rot (PPR) or black pod, caused by Phytophthora palmivora. Using the considerable genetic diversity of cocoa on farms, host resistance was identified and tested with the participation of farmers. Forty-nine local and international cocoa selections with promising resistance characteristics (as well as susceptible controls) were side-grafted onto mature cocoa in a replicated trial with single-tree plots. Developing grafts were assessed in the dry season for severity of VSD infection, scored from 0 (no infection) to 4 (graft death). All of the 49 clones in the trial became infected with VSD in at least some replicates. Average severity varied from 0.2 to 1.6. Potential VSD-resistance was found in eight clones, including DRC 15, KA2 106 and a local Sulawesi selection, VSD2Ldg. Some of the most susceptible clones were local Sulawesi selections from areas with a history of little or no VSD. Thirty-four pod-bearing clones were evaluated over a 2-year period for yield, quality and resistance to natural infections of PPR. Cumulative PPR incidence for all clones was 22% but varied from 8.6 to 43% among clones. Clones with less than 15% PPR incidence were designated as resistant, including DRC 16 and local Sulawesi selections, Aryadi 1, Aryadi 3 and VSD1Ldg. Scavina 12 was moderately resistant in the trial with a PPR incidence of 23%. Cumulative incidences of the mirid, Helopeltis spp., determined in the same evaluation period, indicated that DRC16 was the most susceptible clone with an incidence of 52% in ripe pods and 23% in immature pods. In comparison, KKM4 showed evidence of resistance to Helopeltis spp., with incidences of 34 and 0.8% in ripe and immature pods, respectively. The impact of diseases and pests (including cocoa pod borer) on bean losses and bean quality varied between clones but generally the bean size (or bean count) was affected more than the fat content or shell content.  相似文献   

不同供氮水平对芸豆碳氮代谢平衡的影响     

孙海燕  郭伟 《干旱地区农业研究》2013,31(5):117-123

采用盆栽土壤基施0、15、30 kg·hm-2三个氮素水平试验,研究了芸豆荚果形成后不同氮素水平下叶片和荚果的碳、氮代谢主要酶活性以及抗氧化酶系活性的变化。结果表明,芸豆荚果形成后,随着土壤供氮水平的增加,荚果的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性、多酚氧化酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性逐渐增强;叶片的蔗糖合成酶活性、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性、硝酸还原酶和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性大于同一供氮水平荚果的活性;且荚果的总可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量高于叶片;叶片的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶的活性与荚果的蔗糖磷酸合成酶和硝酸还原酶活性呈显著相关性。由此可以得出,源器官是芸豆植株的代谢活跃中心,而库器官成为植株的生长中心,且后者的碳、氮代谢过程主要受前者的调控。  相似文献   

蚕豆马铃薯间作种植对蚕豆赤斑病的防控效果     

杜成章  陈红  李艳花  曾宪琪  王萍  张继君  孟繁霞 《植物保护》2013,39(2):180-183

为系统探索蚕豆赤斑病防控策略,保护农田生态环境,2010-2011连续2年在重庆市3个区县进行蚕豆与马铃薯间作试验。结果表明,蚕豆与马铃薯多样性种植能有效控制蚕豆赤斑病的发生,改善蚕豆产量构成因素,从而提高产量和经济效益。蚕豆与马铃薯间作行比为2∶2时对蚕豆赤斑病的防控效果最好,发病率与病情指数分别为46.5%和26.3,在此模式下经济效益最大,纯收入达18 454.9元/hm2。  相似文献   

外源褪黑素对低温胁迫下菜豆种子萌发及抗性的影响     

杨晓旭  李梦娣  刘大军  冯国军  刘畅 《中国农学通报》2022,38(33):34-38

为了探究褪黑素(Mt)对低温环境下菜豆种子的影响,本研究对菜豆种子进行低温处理(LT)和低温加褪黑素的处理(LT+Mt),并设置常温处理作为对照(CK),对同时期的各项生理指标进行测定。结果表明：Mt可以提高低温胁迫下的种子萌发率,但萌发率要低于对照;同时对渗透调节物质、O₂^-和MDA、抗氧化酶活性进行测定,发现低温增加了渗透调节物质的含量,当加入Mt后其含量进一步增加;低温处理后O₂^-和MDA的含量增加,当加入Mt后其含量明显降低,但是要高于对照;低温处理后抗氧化酶活性略低于对照,当加入Mt后其含量显著升高。研究表明外源Mt有效的减轻了低温对种子萌发的损害,从而促进种子萌发过程中抵御低温的能力。  相似文献   

Effect ofCallosobruchus chinensis (Bruchid) infestation on antinutritional factors in stored legumes     

R. Modgil  U. Mehta 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,50(4):317-323

Effect of bruchid infestation on selected antinutritional factors, saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activities, of three (mung bean, chickpea and pigeon pea) legumes stored for six months was studied. The three antinutritional factors, saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), increased with increased storage period. Saponin, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor activity values were significantly lower in control samples compared to stored infested samples. The difference between the contents of antinutritional factors were significant (p<0.05) during different storage periods.  相似文献   

An Evaluation of the Microflora Associated with Fermented African Oil Bean (Pentaclethra Macrophylla Bentham) Seeds During Ugba Production     

Isu  N.R.  Njoku  H.O. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,51(2):145-157

The microorganisms associated with fermented African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Bentham) seed during ugba production was studied. Only bacteria were isolated from the ugba samples used. Although the bacteria included Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp. and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, only the Bacillus spp. were found to ferment African oil bean seeds to ugba. Bacillus spp. were the predominant microorganisms present, constituting over 95% of the total microbial population density. An increase in the number of Bacillus cells of about 2 log units daily, which attained a maximum density of log₁₀ 9.00 - log₁₀ 11.90 cfu/g after 3 days was observed. Contrarily, the Lactobacillus spp. increased minimally and attained a maximum value of log₁₀ 4.20 - log₁₀ 6.35 cfu/g within the same period. The Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp. and the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae remained fairly steady in number for 24h, increased slightly till the 3rd day followed by exponential increases which attained maximum values of between log₁₀ 9.20 - log₁₀ 11.00, about the 7th day. Bacillus spp. cells also had the highest protease activities which were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the values for the other bacterial isolates. The Bacillus spp. responsible for the fermentation of African oil bean seeds to ugba were identified as Bacillus coagulans, B. macerans, B. megaterium, B. pumilis and B. subtilis.  相似文献