The effects of potato pulp and feeding level of supplements on digestibility, in situ forage degradation and ruminal fermentation in beef steers     

Masahito SUGIMOTO  Waka SAITO  Motoki OOI  Yukinobu SATO  Toshiro SAITO  Kiyokazu MORI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):587-594

Six ruminally cannulated Wagyu (Japanese Black) steers (average initial bodyweight (BW) 387 ± 29 kg) were used in a split‐plot design experiment, comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole plot treatments were three different feeding levels of supplemental diet, fed at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% of BW, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Subplot treatments were two different supplemental diets: a potato pulp silage‐based diet (PPS) and a grain‐based diet (GRAIN). Chopped, medium‐quality cool‐season grass hay (predominately Timothy, Phleum pratense L) was fed daily at 0.7% BW (on a DM basis) as the basal diet. Each period consisted of 21 d, which included 11 d of adaptation to the diets and 10 d of the collection period. Chromium oxide was used as an indigestible marker. In situ forage degradation was measured using the nylon bag technique. The dry matter intake increased (linear; P < 0.01) as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Digestibility was not affected by any treatments. The GRAIN diet tended to decrease the rate of in situ forage degradation as the feeding level increased, but this trend was not found in the steers fed the PPS diet. Steers fed the GRAIN diet had a lower (P < 0.1) ruminal pH compared with steers fed the PPS diet. Ruminal pH was not significantly affected by feeding level; however, it was numerically higher for steers supplemented at 0.2% per BW than that for the steers supplemented above 0.4% per BW due probably to the higher starch intake. The total volatile fatty acids concentration numerically increased as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Increasing the feeding level decreased (linear, P < 0.01) the proportion of acetate. Neither diet nor the feeding level had any effects on the proportion of ruminal propionate. The results suggested that, for steers fed the PPS diet, there are not adverse effects on forage digestion in the rumen that occur as the feeding level is increased.  相似文献   

生防链霉菌JH108-2的发酵培养基优化     

刘亮山  林茂松  鄢小宁  丁晓帆 《植物病理学报》2006,36(3):259-266

 为了提高链霉菌菌株JH108-2的发酵滤液对植物寄生线虫的毒力,采用正交试验设计,优化其发酵培养基。使用优化培养基[大豆粉20g、(NH₄)₂SO₄ 6g、蛋白胨3g、葡萄糖40g、酵母粉6g,NaCl 2g、K₂HPO₄ 0.6g.CaCO₃ 2g、蒸馏水1000mL、pH 6.0]所得的发酵滤液,稀释10倍,处理南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)二龄幼虫,24h后校正死亡率达95.4%,比对照培养基的发酵滤液所产生的校正死亡率高6.9%,差异达到极显著水平(P=0.01)。  相似文献   

利用油菜秸秆培养重寄生菌盾壳霉分生孢子     

王英超  李国庆  方媛  姜道宏 《中国生物防治》2006,22(4):308-312

研究了油菜秸秆作为基质培养植物病原菌核盘菌的重寄生菌盾壳霉分生孢子,并从盾壳霉分生孢子萌发及其抑制核盘菌菌核子囊盘萌发等方面评价了所获得的盾壳霉分生孢子的质量。结果表明:盾壳霉野生菌株Chy-1和Zs-1,以及Chy-1的突变菌株SV-5-2(抗杀菌剂vin-clozolin)可以利用油菜秸秆为基质进行培养,有利于3个菌株的菌丝生长、分生孢子器及分生孢子的产生,分生孢子产量可达2·4×109~3·4×109个孢子/g干秸秆。水分含量和发酵时间影响盾壳霉分生孢子产量。在接种量为5×105个孢子/g干秸秆的条件下,以干秸秆中含水量为3~6ml/g,在20℃下发酵12d较为适宜。水琼脂平板试验表明:在20℃下培养48h,盾壳霉分生孢子的萌发率达到90%以上。将油菜秸秆基质培养的盾壳霉分生孢子接种于土壤中,无论是夏季试验,还是秋季试验,对核盘菌菌核萌发及存活具有显著的抑制作用。2003年夏季,4·0×106个孢子/m处理其核盘菌菌核萌发数比对照减少26·3%;秋季该处理比对照减少57·1%~88·0%。  相似文献   

脱脂乳发酵体系中乳酸菌的高效离子交换色谱分析     

张天亮  林娟  刘树滔  饶平凡 《乳业科学与技术》2007,29(3):119-121

应用高效离子交换色谱对脱脂乳发酵体系中的嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌进行色谱表征。结果表明，单菌培养过程中保加利亚乳杆菌菌体形态的变化在其相应色谱行为上得到了体现，二者的色谱峰有比较好的稳定性。两种菌的峰面积与菌数之间呈现出良好的线性关系，可决系数R^2分别为0．9957和0．9916。因此本方法的建立，可用于酸奶发酵过程中乳酸菌的分析与表征，有望为乳酸菌混合物的研究提供一种快捷的新方法。  相似文献   

菠萝皮发醇生产饲料蛋白的工艺条件研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钟灿桦  黄和  秦小明 《饲料工业》2007,28(11):54-57

菠萝皮是菠萝加工产生的副产物,为了将菠萝加工企业废弃的菠萝皮有效利用,实现资源的再生,缓解目前蛋白饲料的不足,进行了本研究.结果表明,采用绿色木霉和产朊假丝酵母混合菌种发酵,添加麸皮20%、硫酸铵3%、尿素2%,料水比11,自然pH值,30℃发酵5 d,发酵后的饲料粗蛋白含量提高到25.38%,经水洗后的粗蛋白含量提高到17.03%,检测的16种氨基酸含量均有很大幅度的提高,其总和从2.89%提高到15.6%,提高率达到439.8%.产品气味芳香,适口性大为改善,可用做牛、羊和鱼等养殖的低蛋白能量饲料.  相似文献   

混菌发酵生产富肽蛋白饲料工艺条件的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

戚伟  赵树欣  李艳敏  杨薇 《饲料工业》2007,28(17):6-9

利用枯草芽胞杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌混合发酵生产富肽蛋白饲料,通过单因素和响应面分析试验对其工艺条件进行了研究,选择接菌比例(枯草芽胞杆菌:产朊假丝酵母)为3:1,发酵36h。最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度33℃,装料量40g,原料初始含水率为62%,拌料水的pH值为自来水的自然pH值。在此条件下测得三氯乙酸可溶性氮(TCA-NSI)含量达到33.61%。  相似文献   

异戊酸对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵及尿嘌呤衍生物的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘强  黄应祥  王聪  王浩  郭刚 《畜牧兽医学报》2007,38(2):155-160

选用4头体重(420±8.6)kg,年龄2.5岁装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究异戊酸(0、0.02、0.04和0.06 g/kgW)对瘤胃pH、NH3-N、VFA、营养物质降解率及尿嘌呤衍生物浓度的影响。结果表明:0.06 g/kgW组显著降低瘤胃pH(P<0.05),饲喂后3-6 h,0.04 g/kgW组和0.06 g/kgW组NH3-N浓度显著低于对照和0.02 g/kgW组(P<0.05);0.04 g/kgW组和0.06 g/kgW组,豆粕干物质、有机物质和粗蛋白质有效降解率显著低于对照(P<0.05);0.04 g/kgW组玉米秸秆干物质、有机物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的有效降解率显著提高(P<0.05),0.04 g/kgW组瘤胃乙酸、丁酸、乙酸/丙酸比例、总挥发性脂肪酸和尿嘌呤衍生物显著增加(P<0.05)。异戊酸的适宜添加水平为0.04g/kgW。  相似文献   

毛茛科植物提取物添加量对瘤胃微生物体外动态发酵的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张元庆  肖训军  孟庆翔 《中国畜牧杂志》2007,43(5):27-31

试验采用活体外产气量法研究毛茛科植物提取物不同添加水平对瘤胃微生物体外发酵的影响。试验采用单因子完全随机化试验设计,以小麦面粉为底物进行体外发酵。瘤胃液供体动物为3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的本地黄牛,日粮精料水平为30%(日饲喂2次)。植物提取物添加水平分别为0、100、200、300和400mg/L。结果表明:随着毛茛科植物提取物添加水平的提高,小麦面粉24h的DM消化率呈线性下降(P=0.0002),活体外产气速度呈二次曲线规律降低(P=0.0001),而产气延滞期线性增加(P=0.0001),理论最大产气量呈二次曲线规律增加(P=0.0001)。随着植物提取物添加水平的提高,发酵液pH值呈二次曲线增加(P<0.024)。各培养时间点乳酸含量均较低(P<1mmol/L),且各处理之间差异不显著(P>0.10)。提高植物提取物添加水平导致tVFA产量呈二次曲线趋势下降(P<0.01)。通过本试验可得出:毛茛科植物提取物可以通过降低瘤胃发酵的产气速度、提高发酵液pH值以及乙酸和丁酸摩尔比例来调控瘤胃微生物体外发酵,其中植物提取物的适宜添加水平为200～300mg/L。  相似文献   

Differential ability of alcohol fermentation between the seeds of flooding-tolerant and flooding-susceptible varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.     

KINUYO MORIMOTO  YUJI YAMASUE 《Weed Biology and Management》2007,7(1):62-69

Seed germination and respiratory metabolism under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were studied in the flooding-tolerant and flooding-susceptible varieties of Echinochloa crus-galli with an identical genome and common ancestry . In the flooding-tolerant E. crus-galli var. formosensis , the seeds imbibed under nitrogen could germinate and exhibited an I/N quotient > 0.6. They accelerated glycolysis and concomitantly produced large and equimolar quantities of carbon dioxide and ethanol, suggesting that the seeds of this variety showed operation of the Pasteur effect and respired through alcohol fermentation under anaerobic conditions. The seeds excreted most of the toxic fermentation product. In contrast, the seeds of the flooding-susceptible E. crus-galli var. praticola were capable of germinating only under aerobic conditions through the conventional aerobic respiration and were unable to anaerobically respire to germinate through alcohol fermentation regardless of the presence of both sufficient alcohol dehydrogenase activity and a high redox charge of the pyridine nucleotides.  相似文献   

昆虫病原线虫共生菌5-5B培养特性及杀虫活性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘洪敏  钱海涛  董辉  丛斌  夏新 《中国植保导刊》2007,27(4):5-9

对一株昆虫病原线虫共生菌5-5B菌株的发酵条件进行的研究结果表明,最适温度为28℃,最适起始pH7.3～7.8,最佳振荡频率160r/min,250ml三角瓶内装液40ml,接菌量为4%。5-5B菌株发酵液对小菜蛾初孵幼虫的杀虫活性研究表明,250ml三角瓶内装液40ml时,校正死亡率为62.78%;接菌量4%时,校正死亡率63.84%;起始pH7.3时,校正死亡率65.49%。  相似文献