多金属污染农田土壤固化／稳定化修复研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王永强  蔡信德  肖立中 《广西农业科学》2009,40(7):881-888

固化／稳定化剂修复农田土壤重金属污染简单易行、成本低廉且不破坏土壤结构,但不同的固化／稳定化剂对土壤、作物及重金属离子的修复效果各不相同。文章概述了几种固化／稳定化剂的修复效果及优缺点,探讨了固化,稳定化修复重金属污染的作用机制以及影响重金属固化／稳定化修复效果的主要因素,分析了固化／稳定化修复农田土壤重金属污染的局限性,并从不同角度提出了今后的发展方向。  相似文献   

重金属污染植烟土壤改良剂原位修复研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周泽庆  招启柏  朱卫星  王珂清  胡钟胜 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(11):5100-5102

为了从源头减少烟草重金属对人类健康的潜在危害,改良剂原位修复重金属污染植烟土壤方法因其成本低廉、操作方便,已经得到广泛研究。对土壤重金属有效性及土壤影响因素进行了探讨,对改良剂的分类进行了概述,同时综述了重金属污染植烟土壤改良剂作用机理。  相似文献   

含磷材料钝化修复重金属Pb、Cu、Zn复合污染土壤   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

施尧  曹心德  魏晓欣  贾金平  杨永亮 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2011,29(3):62-68

运用2种含P材料即重过磷酸钙磷肥（TSP）和磷灰石矿尾料（PR）钝化修复Pb、Cu和Zn3种重金属并存的复合污染土壤,通过化学提取和土柱淋溶方法评价修复效果并探讨其可能存在的机理。土壤添加P材料4星期后,所有3种P处理（PR、TSP和PR＋TSP）均有效地降低了毒性提取态的Pb和Cu,其分别下降了15%~70%和10%~18%;水提取态的Pb和Cu分别下降了16%~43%和46%~58%。添加含P材料对土壤中Zn的稳定化影响较小,甚至TSP处理使水提取态的Zn提高了15%。P处理抑制了Pb和Cu在土壤剖面的径向迁移,但对Zn的影响较小。Pb和Cu的固定可能主要是由于形成了磷酸盐沉淀,而Zn的稳定性可能与表面吸附或络合作用有关。P处理未明显改变土壤pH值,尽管总P有所增加,但未观察到其径向迁移的现象。P处理对于稳定P Pb和Cu很有效,对Zn稳定效果有限,甚至有被活化的可能,在实际应用中应关注这一现象。  相似文献   

光合细菌固定化及其处理黄泔水的研究     

何萍吴向华  许志强杨启银 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2005,26(3):91-94

以PVA-硼酸混合载体法固定光合细菌处理黄泔水,探讨其对黄泔水处理的较佳工艺条件。结果表明：光合细菌的包埋条件为10％聚乙烯醇、4％SiO2、0．15％海藻酸钠和30％菌液。在好氧黑暗、pH值8．0、菌液接种量20％、装液量100mL条件下,固定化光合细菌处理黄泔水120h,其CODcr去除率为91％。  相似文献   

底物添加对森林2个不同演替阶段土壤氨基糖动态的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

王辛辛  何红波  胡国庆  邵鹏帅  张威  解宏图  张旭东 《北京林业大学学报》2016,38(4):86-93

以鼎湖山马尾松林和季风林2个演替阶段的土壤为研究对象,采用室内恒温(25 ℃)培养,研究了葡萄糖和不同数量无机氮施入对土壤氨基糖(氨基葡萄糖、氨基半乳糖和胞壁酸)动态的影响,并利用氨基葡萄糖和胞壁酸的比值探讨了真菌和细菌残留物在碳氮固持过程中的相对贡献。结果表明:在整个培养期间,季风林土壤氨基糖总量显著高于马尾松林,尤其在培养初期,增幅远高于马尾松林, 在培养后期,马尾松林土壤氨基糖含量下降幅度高于季风林。底物添加对不同微生物来源的氨基糖单体含量的影响也有所差异,以胞壁酸为代表的细菌细胞壁残留物比真菌更易受到外源物质的影响,但真菌细胞壁残留物对土壤有机质的截获和稳定作用大于细菌。真菌、细菌残留物的积累和转化过程可以通过氨基葡萄糖和胞壁酸的比值反映,细菌在培养前期更容易利用外源物质,但随着培养时间的进行,真菌占据了主导地位。不同碳氮比的外源底物对氨基糖总量和各氨基糖单体含量的动态影响不显著。与马尾松林相比,处在演替顶级的季风林土壤易于利用活性底物,显著促进了碳氮的微生物固持和微生物残留物在土壤中的保留,这说明土壤氨基糖作为微生物残留物可以探讨土壤碳氮的耦合机制,对调节土壤碳氮的养分平衡具有重要意义。   相似文献   

纤维素酶—木聚糖酶—漆酶的共固定化     

武丽达  王金枝 《吉林农业大学学报》2016,(5):552-556

多酶共固定化能发挥多酶的协同作用,实现底物到产物的一步转化。文章以纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和漆酶分别固定化工艺研究为基础,选择pH敏感型可逆可溶性聚合物Eudragit L-100为载体,应用物理吸附法制备固定化纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和漆酶。采用物理吸附和共价交联相结合的方法进行酶的固定化研究发现,当pH为4.8、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为40 min、载体浓度为1.6%和EDC浓度为0.1%时,纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和漆酶的固定化率分别为50.86%、36.90%及25.93%。  相似文献   

氮肥及其与秸秆配施在不同肥力土壤的固持及供应   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

梁斌  赵伟  杨学云  周建斌 《中国农业科学》2012,45(9):1750-1757

【目的】在有机物料和无机氮肥的配施条件下,研究氮素在土壤中的固持与释放过程,以期达到土壤供氮与作物需氮相一致的目的。【方法】以长期定位试验不同施肥处理土壤（不施肥,NF;施用氮磷钾化肥,NPK;厩肥与化肥配施,MNPK）为研究对象,采用盆栽试验研究化学氮肥及其与秸秆配施在不同肥力土壤中的固持与供应。【结果】与未施氮肥（对照）相比,单施尿素对NF处理土壤小麦籽粒产量无显著影响,而显著提高了NPK和MNPK处理土壤小麦籽粒产量;MNPK处理土壤氮肥利用率（67%）显著高于NPK（56%）和NF（19%）处理土壤。与施用氮肥处理相比,秸秆与尿素配施显著降低了小麦产量和氮素利用率,但MNPK处理土壤小麦产量及氮肥利用率（11%）仍显著高于NPK处理（7%）;秸秆与尿素配施降低了当季小麦对施入氮素的吸收利用,小麦收获时不同施肥处理土壤有79%-88%施入的氮素未被吸收利用。【结论】有机肥与化肥长期配施在协调土壤氮素供应,提高作物产量及氮肥利用率方面具有突出作用。  相似文献   

Effective alleviation of Cd stress to microbial communities in mining reclamation soils by thiourea-modified biochar amendment     

Yanfeng ZHU  Jing MA  Fu CHEN  Ruilian YU  Gongren HU  Yongjun YANG 《土壤圈》2022,32(6):866-875

Reclaimed soils in mining area usually display low fertility and present Cd stress. The amendment of modified biochar effectively fixes Cd in soils,enhances soil fertility, and reduces Cd stress in soil microorganisms. However, the effect of thiourea-modified biochar(TBC) on microbial adaptability to Cd stress in mining reclamation soils is still unclear. The present work studied the Cd immobilization and microbial community changes in a mining reclamation soil displaying extreme Cd contaminatio...  相似文献   

Evaluation of immobilizing agents as soil quality conditioners in addition to their metal(loid) immobilizing effect     

Chaw Su LWIN  Mina LEE  Young-Nam KIM  Gary OWENS  Kwon-Rae KIM 《土壤圈》2022,32(2):307-316

In trace metal (TM)-contaminated agricultural soils, management of TM availability is important for safe crop production. In addition, maintenance or improvement of soil quality is vital for sustainable crop cultivation. Decreased TM phytoavailability and increased soil quality can be achieved by the application of various immobilizing agents to soil, which can supply both macronutrients and organic matter. This study investigated the long-term influences of four common immobilizing agents on so...  相似文献   

A preliminary trial of the sedation induced by intranasal administration of midazolam alone or in combination with dexmedetomidine and reversal by atipamezole for a short‐term immobilization in pigeons          下载免费PDF全文

Slavomir Hornak  Tomas Liptak  Valent Ledecky  Rudolf Hromada  Jan Bilek  David Mazensky  Vladimir Petrovic 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(2):192-196

ObjectiveTo assess the sedative and immobilization effect of intranasal administration (INS) of midazolam (MID) without or with INS dexmedetomidine (DXM), and some physiological changes induced by the drugs. The ability of INS atipamezole to reverse the DXM component was also assessed.Study designProspective ‘blinded’ experimental study.AnimalsIn total, 15 pigeons.MethodsPigeons were sedated by INS MID alone at a dose of 5 mg kg⁻¹ (group MID, n = 6) or in combination with INS DXM at a dose 80 μg kg⁻¹ (group MID-DXM, n = 6). Measurements were made of heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f_R) and cloacal temperature (CT). The degree of sedation was assessed at 15 minutes prior to, immediately after, and at intervals until 100 minutes after drug administrations. Following MID-DXM, INS atipamezole (250 μg kg⁻¹) was administered and the same indices measured 5 and 10 minutes later.ResultsMID had no effect on HR and f_R, and although CT decreased, it remained within physiological range. MID-DXM caused significant falls in HR, f_R and CT that persisted until the end of sedation. Atipamezole antagonized sedation and cardiorespiratory side effects of MID-DXM within 10 minutes of application. In addition, for MID compared to MID-DXM, the lowest sedation scores [10 (7–14) and 10.5 (5–14) versus 2 (1–4) and 2 (1–5)] were achieved in the 10th and 20th minute versus the 20th and 30th minute of the sedation, respectively.Conclusions and clinical relevanceMID alone, given INS had minimal side effects on vital functions but caused inadequate immobilization of pigeons for restraint in dorsal recumbency. MID-DXM caused an effective degree of immobilization from 20 to 30 minutes after administration, at which time birds tolerated postural changes without resistance. Atipamezole antagonized both side effects and sedation, but complete recovery had not occurred within 10 minutes after its application.  相似文献