黄河三角洲湿地土壤盐离子沿水盐梯度的变化特征     

赵庆庆  白军红  高永超  王磊磊  郑立稳  王加宁  张树岩 《农业环境科学学报》2019,38(3):641-649

为了分析黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤电导率及盐离子组成沿水盐梯度的分布规律,沿自黄河向海的方向选择了假尾拂子茅湿地、香蒲湿地、芦苇湿地、柽柳和盐地碱蓬混生湿地和盐地碱蓬湿地作为研究样地,于2014年在各类型湿地内采集0～50 cm的土壤,并测定土壤电导率和6种盐离子。结果表明,盐地碱蓬湿地0～50 cm土壤的电导率、钠离子、钾离子和氯离子显著高于其他湿地(P0.05),镁离子、钙离子和硫酸根离子的最高值则出现在柽柳和盐地碱蓬混生湿地。在剖面方向上,电导率和6种盐离子表现出不同的变化趋势。线性相关分析表明,土壤电导率和6种盐离子呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)。土壤电导率和盐离子在2014年均表现出强变异特征。研究表明,沿自河向海的水盐梯度,湿地土壤电导率、钠离子、钾离子、镁离子、钙离子、氯离子和硫酸根离子总体呈现逐渐上升的趋势,土壤电导率的变化主要受钠离子和氯离子含量变化的影响。  相似文献   

季节性冻融土壤盐分离子组成与冻结层盐分运移规律研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

崔莉红  朱焱  赵天兴  杨金忠  伍靖伟 《农业工程学报》2019,35(10):75-82

该文对冻融过程中土壤盐分离子组成及冻结层盐分运移规律进行研究,在内蒙古河套灌区永联试验站开展了冻融期土壤水盐及其离子成分监测试验,分析了冻融期地温、冻结层深度、地下水埋深与水质、土壤含水率、土壤盐分及离子组成的变化规律,通过离子相关性分析确定了土壤盐分运移的主控离子成分和盐分类型,进一步利用二元水盐体系相图探讨了冻融期主控盐分的运移规律。结果表明:冻融期地温梯度变化主要发生在0～1.0 m范围土层中,地下水埋深在冻融期变化趋势为快速增大-缓慢增大-减少,地下水矿化度均值在融化期显著降低;研究区地下水中变异性最大的离子为Na~+、Cl~–和SO_4~(2–),土壤盐分运移和扩散是地下水矿化度变化的主要原因;土壤中Na~+、Cl~–与SO_4~(2–)与含盐量相关系数高于0.9,冻融期土壤盐分浓度变化的主控盐分类型为氯化钠和硫酸钠;冻结层积盐或者脱盐取决于土壤盐分梯度和不同盐分的共饱和点,研究区最大氯化钠浓度(质量分数1.55%)和最大硫酸钠浓度(2.01%)均低于各自的共饱和点,当冻结前土壤溶液浓度梯度为正(从上到下浓度增大)时,冻结层易积盐,反之冻结层主要表现为脱盐。研究对阐明冻融期冻结层盐分累积规律的成因具有重要意义。  相似文献   

几种重金属离子对高羊茅种子萌发及生理活性的响应   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

李德明  张秀娟  李改华  邓丹凤  邹恒 《草业科学》2008,25(6):98-102

试验以高羊茅Festuca arundinacea"凌志1号"种子为材料,研究了镉(Cd2 )、铜(Cu2 )、汞(Hg2 )对种子萌发和幼芽细胞膜透性以及其体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响.结果表明,0.5和5mg/L Hg2 极显著地促进萌发(P<0.01),50mg/L Cu2 极显著地抑制萌发(P<0.01),500mg/L各离子均显著抑制种子萌发(P<0.05).随处理的质量浓度逐渐增加,幼芽细胞膜透性逐渐增加.0.5mg/L的质量浓度下,Cu2 和Hg2 处理幼芽细胞膜透性显著低于对照(P<0.05);5和50mg/L的质量浓度下,Hg2 处理细胞膜透性最大;500mg/L的质量浓度下,Cu2 处理细胞膜透性最高.幼芽CAT的影响均表现为随质量浓度增加而逐渐升高,在0.5mg/L的质量浓度下,Cu2 处理CAT活性相对较高;在5mg/L的质量浓度下,Hg2 处理CAT活性相对较高;在50mg/L的质量浓度下,Cu2 和Hg2 处理CAT活性相对高于Cd2 处理;在500mg/L的质量的浓度下,Cu2 处理CAT活性相对较高.发芽率与细胞膜透性间存在较强的相关关系,发芽率和细胞膜透性与CAT呈负相关.综合分析几种重金属离子对高羊茅种子萌发的影响,Cd2 对高羊茅的毒害作用最大,Cu2 最小.  相似文献   

用薯莨提取液对真丝织物染色增重的最佳工艺及金属离子后处理的改性效果   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

周青青  陈国强  唐孝明 《蚕业科学》2008,34(4)

采用天然染料改善真丝性能有利于环保和人体健康。研究了以天然薯莨提取液为染料,应用汽蒸染色方法对真丝织物进行染色增重的最佳工艺,比较了分别用Fe3+、Cu2+、Cr6+3种金属离子进行后处理的改性效果。薯莨提取液对真丝增重的最佳工艺是:汽蒸温度110℃、湿度85%,汽蒸8次,汽蒸时间4 min,带液率180%、含固量6.28%。用Fe3+、Cu2+、Cr6+金属离子后处理的最佳质量浓度分别为12、10、10 g/L。Fe3+、Cr6+后处理的真丝织物其增重率随离子浓度的增加逐渐增大,而Cu2+后处理的真丝织物增重率在离子浓度上升到一定程度后有所降低。用Fe3+后处理的真丝织物颜色最深,呈红黑色;用Cu2+后处理的真丝织物颜色偏深,色相在红黄之间;用Cr6+后处理的真丝织物偏暗黄色。3种金属离子用于染色真丝织物的后处理,均在一定程度上提高了薯莨提取液染色增重真丝的色牢度和拒水性能,能明显提高真丝织物的紫外屏蔽性能,其中经Cr6+后处理的真丝织物拒水性能和紫外屏蔽性能最为显著。  相似文献   

金属离子对糖化酶舌活性的影响     

李卫芬  许梓荣  孙建义  鲍康 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1999,(3)

研究了六种金属离子对糖化酶活性的影响,结果表明不同的金属离子对糖化酶活性有不同程 度的影响,除Ｍｇ２＋有激活作用外,其他五种离子都有抑制作用。此外,还采用通用旋转组合回归设计方 法,探讨了Ｃｕ(２＋),Ｚｎ(２＋),Ｍｎ(２＋)抑制糖化酶活性的交互作用。  相似文献   

盐胁迫下树木的K+和Na+含量变化特点及其耐盐性   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

詹亚光  陈全涉  苑盛华  刘关君  刘桂丰  杨传平 《东北林业大学学报》1999,27(1):24-27

通过几种主要造林树种在盐胁迫下体内Na+和K+含量变化的分析,对树木耐盐性及其机理进行了讨论.结果表明:不同树种的Na+和K+含量及在盐胁迫下的变化动态存在明显差异,说明其耐盐机制不同,树木的Na+和K+的质量比值,随NaCl的质量浓度的增加而上升、其上升幅度在耐盐性强的白榆中较小;在盐胁迫下,适当地增加Ca2+,可维持树木体内较低的Na+和K+的质量比,从而提高树木耐盐性.  相似文献   

菌肥与腐熟秸秆对盐碱地燕麦渗透生理特性及产量的影响     

卢培娜  白健慧  米俊珍  李立军  赵宝平  刘景辉 《麦类作物学报》2023,(6):753-765

为明确菌肥和腐熟秸秆对盐碱地燕麦渗透生理及产量的调节作用,以燕麦品种白燕2号和草莜1号为材料,分析了菌肥(F)、腐熟秸秆(S)及二者配施(FS)对燕麦不同生育时期植株K⁺、Na⁺、可溶性糖、有机酸含量及株高和产量的影响。结果表明,苗期和拔节期燕麦各器官K⁺和Na⁺积累量较高,且茎和叶的K⁺、Na⁺积累量均明显高于根部。与空白对照(CK)相比,S和FS处理均显著提高各时期燕麦根、茎、叶K⁺含量,显著降低Na⁺含量。F、S和FS处理对各时期两个燕麦品种植株可溶性糖含量也有显著影响。F处理显著增加了抽穗期和灌浆期两个品种植株总有机酸含量,尤其是草酸、乙酸、柠檬酸比例提高;S和FS处理下抽穗期燕麦植株总有机酸含量在第一年较CK显著提高,而第二年显著降低,主要是由草酸变化引起。F、S及FS处理在第二年均显著提高两个品种的籽粒、鲜草和干草产量,其中FS处理的增产效果最好。这说明腐熟秸秆配施菌肥有助于增强盐碱地燕麦植株的渗透调...  相似文献   

Ammonia dynamics in relation to hatching in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)     

B.F. Terjesen  A. Mangor-Jensen  H.J. Fyhn 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1998,18(2):189-201

Total ammonia content (T_Amm) and excretion (J_Amm), and ionic content (K⁺, Na⁺, Cl_-) have been studied in embryos and yolk-sac larvae of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) maintained in darkness (6 °C and 34% S) or in light (light-arrested, nonon-hatching embryos). The T_Amm of the eggs increased from 250-300 nmol ind^-1 during the first 5-10 days post fertilization (dPF) to 400-500 nmol ind^-1 at the time of natural hatching in darkness. T_Amm did not start to decrease before 2-5 days after hatch, and yolk-sac larvae had a higher T_Amm compared to the light-arrested embryos of the same age and batch. J_Amm increased exponentially rom about 0.05 nmol ind^-1 h^-1 at 10 dPF to about 3 nmol ind^-1 h^-1 at hatch. Embryos undergoing hatching showed a significantly higher J_Amm than non-hatching, light-arrested embryos of the same age. The content of K+ in distilled water rinsed eggs declined from about 0.85 µmol ind^-1 at 2-4 dPF to about 0.15 µmol ind^-1 at hatch, while that of Cl^- remained constant at about t 0.85 µmol in^-1, and that of Na⁺ increased slowly from 0.10 to 0.20 µmol ind^-1 . Based on the measured ions, there was an anionic deficit in the egg, especially during the first week of development. When exposed to increased ambient total ammonia (0-27 mM NH4Cl), no mortality occurred, and no significant increase was found in the T_Amm of the Atlantic halibut egg before 9.2 dPF despite an estimated large inward diffusion gradient for the un-ionized ammonia species (NH₃). The delayed release of T_Amm comp ared to embryos and yolk-sac larvae of other marine teleosts, may relate to the deep-water spawning of the Atlantic halibut, and the buoyancy regulation of the yolk-sac larvae.  相似文献   

Differences in Major Ions Composition of Artificial Seawater from Aquarium Tanks at the New Jersey State Aquarium     

Gordan Grguric  James A. Komas  Lisa A. Gainor 《Aquarium Sciences and Conservation》1998,2(3):145-159

Concentrations of major seawater ions were monitored in six aquarium tanks at the New Jersey State Aquarium over a three-year period. The ratios of these ions to chlorinity were compared to those in freshly prepared artificial seawater. The largest aquarium tank (Ocean Tank) exhibits statistically significant (p<0.01) relative enrichment of potassium, calcium and strontium, and relative depletion of magnesium and sulphate. The likely source of excess potassium is from potassium iodide added to prevent goiter in sharks. Based on the excess potassium, a total amount of 650 μmol/kg iodide added over the years was calculated for the Ocean Tank. The excess calcium observed in several tanks correlates with the presence of concrete or arbonaceous shells in these tanks. In Ocean Tank, a calcium leaching rate of 6.7 kg/month was calculated. Continuous formation of white carbonaceous precipitates serves as a sink for magnesium in Ocean Tank, and a magnesium removal rate of 5.1 kg/month was calculated. These and other results show that concentrations of major ions in artificial seawater aquaria are affected by leaching, precipitation and addition of food supplements, and these factors should be taken into account when preparing artificial seawater for aquarium tanks with long water residence time. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Lithium chloride solution as an extraction agent for soils     

Georg Husz 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2001,164(1):71-75

The author proposes the extraction of mobile (”︁available”) ions including heavy metals by means of a 0.4 M solution of LiCl. The accuracy and precision of the method are demonstrated and the results compared with the CaCl₂ and BaCl₂ extraction. The suspension pH of non-calcareous samples remains almost constant during LiCl-extraction but changes considerably with NH₄NO₃- and NH₄-acetate. The results of the LiCl- and the CaCl₂-extraction were closely correlated. The same was true for the relative cation distribution on the sorption complex compared to the BaCl₂-extraction. A series of arguments emphasize and substantiate the advantages of the use of neutral salts, especially LiCl, for extraction.  相似文献