Test Analysis of Ecosystem on Functional Groups of Microorganism in Spiral Up- flow Reactor System     

WANG Dan-yun  LUO Gu-yuan  YE Jiang-yu  ZHANG Rui-xue  JI Tie-jun  TANG Gang 《保鲜与加工》2005,(5):130-135

The test of functional groups of microorganisms in Spiral Up-flow Reactor System and the correlation between microorganisms in the water and the main environmental factors are studied.The results show that the diversity of microorganisms population in the SUFR system is complex and the bio-community formed in the SUFR system is stable.The close relations between abundance of bacteria and nutrients are found.The correlation between heterotrophic bacteria and COD is 0.949.The correlation between organic phosphate bacteria and TP is 0.815. The correlation between nitrosobacteria and NH_3-N is 0.909. The correlation between disnitrifier bacteria and TN is 0.653.  相似文献   

巢湖沿岸圩区稻季营养盐的输出特征研究     

张笑宇  储茵  马友华  吴靓  付碧玉  张维维 《中国农学通报》2015,31(12):242-246

巢湖流域沿岸分布着很多圩区,人们在圩内进行各种农业活动,圩区营养盐的输出是造成巢湖流域非点源污染的重要因素。为了解圩区农业非点源营养盐的输出特征,笔者通过在巢湖流域河网地区选择比较典型的圩区,于2014年水稻生长期进行了较系统的野外调查观测、取样和室内水质分析,探讨在自然降雨-径流的条件下圩区各类营养盐的浓度变化及输出特征。2014年稻季共进行了9次排水,排水量总计73.09 mm,径流系数为0.37,9次排水事件总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的平均浓度分别是3.42、0.22 mg/L,圩区水体处于富营养化水平。降雨-径流强度是影响营养盐浓度变化的重要因素,稻季生长期内TN和TP的输出量是0.28、0.017 kg/hm2,占稻季施肥总量的1.7%和0.16%。径流量是影响营养盐输出总量的关键因素,同时施肥量和施肥至排水事件的间隔天数也是是影响营养盐输出的重要因素。  相似文献   

Effect of Timing and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.). I. Growth Dynamics and Seed Yield   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. Bar&#;óg  W. Grzebisz 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2004,190(5):305-313

The field experiments conducted on the grey‐brown podzolic soil in the four growing seasons (1998–2001) at Krzeslice Farm, central‐western Poland comprised seven fertilization variants: 80_NF + 80_CAN; 80_CAN + 80_CAN; 80_AN + 80_AN; 80_NF + 50_CAN + 30_CN; 80_CAN + 50_CAN +30_CN; 80_AN + 50_AN + 30_CN (where NF – nitrofos NPK; CAN – calcium‐ammonium nitrate; AN – ammonium nitrate; CN – calcium nitrate) and control (without N) applied in split rates at the beginning of spring regrowth (80 kg N ha^?1), stem elongation (80 or 50) and flower buds visible stages (30). The yielding effect of tested fertilization variants was significant in comparison with the control (2.24 t ha^?1). The highest mean seed yield (3.64 t ha^?1) was collected from 80_AN + 80_AN and 80_CAN + 80_CAN variants. Mean values of 4 years indicate that the second N rate division (80 + 50 + 30) decreased yield, although not significantly in comparison with these two N treatments. Plants grown on these treatments have developed different patterns of growth to yield the seeds. These patterns were characterized by very high crop growth rate during flowering (above 21 g m^?2 day^?1) and negative at maturation (down to ?2.5 g m^?2 day^?1). Plants fertilized with ammonium nitrate (80_AN + 80_AN) reached maximum growth rate earlier (65 days), which lasted longer (20 days) than plants fertilized with calcium‐ammonium nitrate (71 days lasting 17.5 days). Plants grown on the control treatment reached the highest crop growth rate within 79 days (14.8 g m^?2 day^?1), which lasted 15 days.  相似文献   

氮素营养水平对小麦后移栽棉氮代谢的影响   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

李秀章  陈祥龙  徐立华  何循宏  徐红兵  杨德银 《棉花学报》1994,(4)

对不同氮素营养水平下的小麦后移栽棉叶片硝酸还原酶活性、棉株含氮量及叶片氨基酸含量等进行了测定。结果表明，除８月１９日外，叶片硝酸还原酶活性与施氮量呈极显著正相关（ｒ＝０．９６９３～０．９８８１）；地上部各器官的含氮率和绝对含氮量均随施氮量的增加而提高，且不同器官间呈同步增减的趋势，因而氮素分配比例的变化不大；提高氮素营养水平可显著增加小麦后移栽棉的叶片氨基酸总量和游离氨的含量（ｒ＝０．５３１６和０．５６０５），在１７种氨基酸中，谷氨酸、脯氨酸等７种氨基酸的含量与施氮量呈显著的正相关（ｒ＝０．５２５６～０．６０７４）。虽然施氮量越高，棉株的氮素代谢越旺盛，但小麦后移栽棉的适宜施氮量约为２０５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。  相似文献   

施肥对早稻品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴自明  李辉婕  石庆华  潘晓华  李木英 《农机化研究》2006,(8):137-140

为研究施肥对早稻品质的影响,2000~2001年在芦溪县分别进行了N、K不同施肥量和不同施肥方式对早稻赣早籼48与早稻香两优68品质影响的研究。结果表明:出糙率、精米率和蛋白质含量都随着施N量增加而增加,直链淀粉含量随N肥用量增加而略有减少趋势;精米率、整精米率、直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量随着K肥用量增加而增加;中N(150kg/hm2)、高K(135kg/hm2)处理互作效应最大,比较适合当地优质早稻赣早籼48施用。施肥方式以生物有机肥配合化肥全层施肥,中后期补施穗肥的出糙率、精米率、整精米率和稻米的蛋白质含量都能提高,直链淀粉含量降低。  相似文献   

文丘里差压式喷灌施肥装置的性能研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

沈雪民  封俊  张学军 《节水灌溉》2001,(1):20-21

本文主要介绍100PS－1型文丘里差压式施肥装置的工作原理、水力学性能、施肥罐内肥料浓度的变化规律及施肥均匀度的试验数据。通过对试验结果的研究分析,我们认为采用这种形式施肥装置是完全符合喷灌系统对施肥的要求的。  相似文献   

深松旋耕全层施肥联合整地机施肥量影响因素分析     

吴月  霍晓静  王辉  王文娣  赵伟博  胡子康 《中国农机化学报》2020,(3):175-179

针对深松旋耕全层施肥联合整地机在作业过程中存在施肥不均、精度较低等现象,对影响施肥量因素进行分析,确定排肥轴转速、排肥器开度以及肥箱料位高度为影响因素,设计三因素五水平正交试验,以施肥量变异系数为评价指标,进行极差分析和方差分析得出影响因素主次顺序:肥箱料位高度>排肥轴转速>排肥器开度,其中料位高度对施肥量变异系数的影响高度显著,为后续肥箱肥料监测系统提供理论基础。施肥量变异系数在0.19%~3.12%之间,满足试验要求。运用最小二乘法建立施肥量关于排肥轴转速、排肥器开度和肥箱料位高度之间的数学模型。经检验:数学模型值与实测值的相关系数达到0.889,可以作为施肥精量控制相关技术参数的选择依据。  相似文献   

基于人工神经网络技术的蔬菜施肥决策研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陆海燕  李萍萍  毛罕平 《中国农机化》2004,49(5):20-22

阐述神经网络的概念和特点，着重介绍BP神经网络并在Maflab环境下建立基于BP神经网络的施肥模型，以土壤养分（氮、磷、钾)和实际产量为模型输入，以氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的施用量为模型数输出．进行网络训练，直至获得满意的施肥模型。结合投入产出物的价格对模型功能进行扩展，按利润最大化目标进行施肥决策。  相似文献   

旱区覆膜滴灌棉田N 2 O排放对化肥减量有机替代的响应     

陶瑞  张前前  李锐  刘涛  褚贵新 《农业机械学报》2015,46(12):204-211

覆膜滴灌条件下,采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了不同施肥策略:CK(不施肥)、CF(N 300 kg/hm~2;P2O590 kg/hm~2;K2O 60 kg/hm~2)、60%CF+OF(普通有机肥6 000 kg/hm~2)、60%CF+BF(生物有机肥6 000 kg/hm~2)对棉田土壤N_2O排放的影响,旨在明确滴灌棉田连续不同施肥策略下土壤N_2O的排放特征。结果表明,棉花生育期N_2O排放通量表现为施肥处理大于不施肥处理,滴灌施肥后第3/4天N_2O排放通量顺序为CF60%CF+OF60%CF+BFCK,而滴灌后第7/8天N_2O排放通量则表现为有机肥处理高于化肥处理,滴灌施肥结束后表现与之相同;生育期的N_2O排放总量以100%化肥处理(CF)最高,与其相比,60%CF+OF和60%CF+BF处理分别降低3.75%和8.37%,N_2O排放系数则分别降低1.39%和73.8%;相关及通径分析均表明,与土壤NH+4-N相比,NO-3-N与N_2O排放的关系更密切。  相似文献   

Simulation of drainage water quality with DRAINMOD     

R. W. Skaggs  M. A. Brevé  A. T. Mohammad  J. E. Parsons  J. W. Gilliam 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1995,9(3):259-277

The design and management of drainage systems should consider impacts on drainage water quality and receiving streams, as well as on agricultural productivity. Two simulation models that are being developed to predict these impacts are briefly described. DRAINMOD-N uses hydrologic predictions by DRAINMOD, including daily soil water fluxes, in numerical solutions to the advective-dispersive-reactive (ADR) equation to describe movement and fate of NO₃-N in shallow water table soils. DRAINMOD- CREAMS links DRAINMOD hydrology with submodels in CREAMS to predict effects of drainage treatment and controlled drainage losses of sediment and agricultural chemicals via surface runoff. The models were applied to analyze effects of drainage intensity on a Portsmouth sandy loam in eastern North Carolina. Depending on surface depressional storage, agricultural production objectives could be satisfied with drain spacings of 40 m or less. Predicted effects of drainage design and management on NO₃-N losses were substantial. Increasing drain spacing from 20 m to 40 m reduced predicted NO₃-N losses by over 45% for both good and poor surface drainage. Controlled drainage further decreases NO₃-N losses. For example, predicted average annual NO₃-N losses for a 30 m spacing were reduced 50% by controlled drainage. Splitting the application of nitrogen fertilizer, so that 100 kg/ha is applied at planting and 50 kg/ha is applied 37 days later, reduced average predicted NO₃-N losses but by only 5 to 6%. This practice was more effective in years when heavy rainfall occurred directly after planting. In contrast to effects on NO₃-N losses, reducing drainage intensity by increasing drain spacing or use of controlled drainage increased predicted losses of sediment and phosphorus (P). These losses were small for relatively flat conditions (0.2% slope), but may be large for even moderate slopes. For example, predicted sediment losses for a 2% slope exceeded 8000 kg/ha for a poorly drained condition (drain spacing of 100 m), but were reduced to 2100 kg/ha for a 20 m spacing. Agricultural production and water quality goals are sometimes in conflict. Our results indicate that simulation modeling can be used to examine the benefits of alternative designs and management strategies, from both production and environmental points-of-view. The utility of this methodology places additional emphasis on the need for field experiments to test the validity of the models over a range of soil, site and climatological conditions.  相似文献