Effect of cadmium toxicity on micronutrient concentration,uptake and partitioning in seven rice cultivars     

Sedigheh Safarzadeh  Abdolmajid Ronaghi  Najafali Karimian 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):231-245

Heavy metal uptake, translocation and partitioning differ greatly among plant cultivars and plant parts. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) levels (0, 45 and 90 mg kg^?1 soil) on dry matter yield, and concentration, uptake and translocation of Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in seven rice cultivars. Application of 45 mg Cd kg^?1 soil decreased root and shoot dry weight. On average, shoot and root Cd concentrations and uptake increased in all cultivars, but micronutrients uptake decreased following the application of 45 mg Cd kg^?1. No significant differences were observed between 45 and 90 mg kg^?1 Cd levels. On average, Cd treatments resulted in a decrease in Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations in shoots and Zn, Cu and Mn concentrations in roots. Differences were observed in Cd and micronutrient concentrations and uptake among rice cultivars. Translocation factor, defined as the shoot/root concentration ratio indicated that Cu and Fe contents in roots were higher than in shoots. The Mn concentration was much higher in shoots. Zinc concentrations were almost similar in the two organs of rice at 0 and 45 mg Cd kg^?1. A higher Cd level, however, led to a decrease in the Zn concentration in shoots.  相似文献   

Balanced and integrated nutrient management for enhancedand economic food production: case study from rainfed semi-arid tropics in India     

Girish Chander  Suhas P. Wani  Kanwar L. Sahrawat  Prasad J. Kamdi  Chitendra K. Pal  Dilip K. Pal 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1643-1658

Soil degradation in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) is mainly responsible for low crop and water productivity. In Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan states in India, the soil analyses of farmers’ fields revealed widespread deficiencies of S (9–96%), B (17–100%) and Zn (22–97%) along with that of P (25–92%). Soil organic C was deficient in 7–84% fields indicating specifically N deficiencies and poor soil health in general. During on-farm evaluations in rainy seasons 2010 and 2011, the soil test based addition of deficient nutrient fertilizers as balanced nutrition (BN) increased crop yields by 6–40% (benefit to cost ratios of 0.81–4.28) through enhanced rainwater use efficiency. The integrated nutrient management (INM), however, decreased the use of chemical fertilizers in BN by up to 50% through on-farm produced vermicompost and recorded yields at par or more than BN with far better benefit to cost ratios (2.26–10.2). Soybean grain S and Zn contents improved with INM. Applied S, B, Zn and vermicompost showed residual benefits as increased crop yields for succeeding three seasons. Hence, results showed INM/BN was economically beneficial for producing more food, while leading to resilience building of SAT production systems.  相似文献   

VARIATION IN MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS AMONG CULTIVARS AND GERMPLASMS OF CABBAGE     

B. K. Singh  S. R. Sharma  Bhupinder Singh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):95-104

Brassica vegetables are important source of dietary mineral elements. However, information on the genetic variability of mineral elements and its transmissibility is scanty but essential if the nutritional quality of cabbage is to be improved through breeding. Highly significant differences among cultivars and germplasms indicate the existence of adequate amount of variability. Mineral concentrations differed 6 fold for iron, 2.4 fold for zinc, 2.1 fold for copper, 2.3 fold for manganese, 1.7 fold for potassium, and 4 fold for calcium content. The higher magnitude of genotypic to phenotypic variance ratio for iron, zinc, manganese, potassium, and calcium indicates high transmissibility of minerals into next generation, while the meager differences between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation indicate lesser influence of the environment on elemental accumulation.  相似文献   

Multifractal and joint multifractal analysis of soil micronutrients extracted by two methods along a transect in a coarse textured soil     

Ênio Farias de França e Silva  Aitor García-Tomillo  Diego Henrique Silva de Souza  Eva Vidal-Vázquez  Glécio Machado Siqueira  Daniel da Costa Dantas  Antonio Paz-González 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(2):608-622

  相似文献   

Antagonism of micronutrient cations on sweet orange leaves     

M.S. Mann  P.N. Takkar 《Scientia Horticulturae》1983,20(3):259-265

The effect of combined applications of micronutrient cations in spray solutions, usually used to correct simultaneously nutritional disorders and fungal diseases, was investigated, especially regarding absorption of Zn at the surface of sweet orange leaves. Foliar application of 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2% CuSO₄ solutions, neutralized with Ca(OH)₂, in combination with 0.15 and 0.45% ⁶⁵ZnSO₄ solutions caused a significant and marked decrease in the absorption of ⁶⁵Zn. Application of unneutralized solutions of 0-0.8% CuSO₄ in combination with 0-0.6% of ZnSO₄· 7 H₂O showed mutual antagonism between Cu and Zn for their absorption at the leaf surfaces. Similarly, the absorption of ⁶⁵Zn in leaves decreased from 53 to 26% with simultaneous application of 0–2% MnSO₄ solutions and 0.45% ⁶⁵ZnSO₄ solutions neutralized with Ca(OH)₂. This emanated from the mutual antagonism between the two for their absorption at the surface of leaves. The absorption of ⁶⁵Zn decreased from 53 to 31% with foliar application of 0–2% FeSO₄ in combination with 0.45% ⁶⁵ZnSO₄ solution neutralized with lime. Again, Fe and Zn each inhibited the absorption of the other at the leaf surface.  相似文献   

Foliar manganese,zinc and boron application effects on mineral nutrition of an experimental olive grove (cv. “Chondrolia Chalkidikis”)     

T. Chatzistathis  A. Delviniotis  A. Panagakos  A. Giannakoula  V. Tranaka  A. Molassiotis 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(12):1728-1742

A 6-month field experiment (from October to March) was conducted in a 20-year-old experimental grove of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in order to enhance its micronutrient levels and assess the effect of micronutrient foliar application manganese, zinc and boron (Mn, Zn and B) on mineral nutrition, chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F_v/F_m, F_v/F₀ and Performance index, PI) of the olive trees (cv. “Chondrolia Chalkidikis”). The experiment consisted of four treatments (Control-C: trees sprayed with deionized water, T50: trees sprayed with 50 mg/L Mn, Zn and B, T100: trees sprayed with 100 mg/L Mn, Zn and B, T200: trees sprayed with 200 mg/L Mn, Zn and B); the three micronutrients were applied in the forms of manganese sulfate (MnSO₄), zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) and boric acid (H₃BO₃), respectively. The results showed that the most effective treatment for the enhancement of foliar Mn and B levels was T200, while for the increase of Zn levels was T100. In addition, significant differences among the treatments were recorded for most leaf nutrient concentrations (with the exception of potassium (K), which was not influenced by foliar treatment, the other macronutrients, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), as well as iron (Fe), obtained their maximum concentrations, at the end of the experiment, in C or T50 treatment). Chlorophyll concentrations were not influenced by foliar treatment. Concerning chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F_v/F_m, F_v/F₀ and P index), significantly lower values were found in the control (C) trees, compared to the other three treatments, so it seems that a chlorophyll fluorescence technique may be used to detect micronutrient deficiencies in olive groves. However, from all the leaf nutrient concentrations determined, it was found that with the exceptions of: 1) Mn concentrations in the C, T50 and T100 treatments, which were marginal, or slightly deficient; 2) B and Zn concentrations in the C and T50 treatments, which were slightly deficient and marginal, respectively; 3) some K concentrations during the early spring period, which were slightly deficient, all the other concentrations were within the normal levels of sufficiency or within the optimum range, so no serious nutrient deficiency was detected.  相似文献   

Nutrient concentration and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) after vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in conventional and reduced tillage systems     

Sakine Ozpinar 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(12):1697-1712

The effects of tillage on plant availability nutrients are critical to develop nutrient management strategies to optimize yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in the concentration of 19-nutrient and yield after 4-year of conventional [moldboard plough (MT)] and two reduced [rototiller (ST) and chisel (CT)] tillage systems in maize (Zea mays L.) after winter vetch (Vicia sativa L.) in double crop one year. Three tillage systems were compared from 2005 to 2008 in area located in the western region of Turkey under semi-arid Mediterranean clay-loam soils. Nutrients were determined in maize leaves, stems, roots and soils. Results show that the concentration of macronutrients were found to be higher in leaves and stems of maize than roots in three tillage systems of all years, while the opposite was true for micronutrients. Among the macro and micro-nutrients, there was no effect of tillage on nutrient concentration in all maize tissues for sulfur, magnesium, sodium and copper (S, Mg, Na and Cu). However, the nitrogen, potassium, calcium, boron, zinc, manganese, iron, aluminum, barium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, lead and selenium (N, K, Ca, B, Zn, Mn, Fe, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Se) were affected by tillage. ST increased N in stems of 2006 compared with other systems. K in roots of 2006 was 52 and 30% greater in CT than in ST and MT, respectively, while ST and MT of 2007 resulted in 38 and 41% greater than CT. In two of four years, ST contributed to higher grain yield compared with other systems. In general, ST can effectively contribute to increase maize yield following winter vetch compared with MT under this region. Results suggested the need for different management systems associated with reduced tillage including rotation, particularly for basic nutrients. Further, results showed similarities and differences with other studies under tillage with maize following winter vetch.  相似文献   

Statistical Methods for Evaluating Results from Soil Micronutrient Analyses in Interlaboratory Programs     

Rosane da Silva Dias  Monica Ferreira de Abreu  Antonio Paz González 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):57-71

Interlaboratory comparison programs have been found to be useful to investigate potential error sources and therefore to remove or minimize their effects. A proficiency test was performed for five soil micronutrients [boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)] by forty-nine independent Brazilian laboratories on four duplicated soil samples. Extraction of B was performed by hot water, whereas Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were extracted by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The objectives were to compare the performance of different statistical methods for assessing between-laboratory variability (reproducibility) and to quantify the variability within single laboratories (repeatability). The statistical methods employed to compare interlaboratory analytical results were (1) Agronomic Institute method (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation), (2) Z₁ score (mean and standard deviation, including outliers), (3) Z₂ score (mean and standard deviation, excluding outliers), (4) robust Z score (median and standardized interquartile amplitude) denoted as Z₃, (5) Cochran test, and (6) Cochran + Grubbs tests. In addition, the robust Z-score method, denoted as Z₄, was used to assess intralaboratory variability. The performance of any laboratory for the analysis of soil micronutrients varied depending on the statistical method applied. The percentage of laboratories providing satisfactory results was 79 percent (Agronomic Institute), 95 percent (Z₁), 92 percent (Z₂), 89 percent (robust Z₃ score), 97 percent (Cochran), and 95 percent (Cochran + Grubbs). The Z-score tests become stronger and more rigorous when outliers were excluded (Z₂) or when the standardized interquartile amplitude was used (Z₃). Cochran and Grubbs tests, which are based on the removal of extreme values, were weaker than the other tests evaluated. In conclusion, the method employed by the proficiency test of the Agronomic Institute for removing outliers has been found to be the strongest and strictest one, yielding a reliable comparison of the results from soil micronutrient analyses.  相似文献   

Boron Foliar Application in Nutrition and Yield of Beet and Tomato     

Ancélio Ricardo de Oliveira Gondim  Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho  Adriana Ursulino Alves  Marcus André Ribeiro Correia 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(10):1573-1579

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of boron (B) by foliar spraying for the yield of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops. An experiment for each crop was done in a greenhouse at the São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal campus, in Brazil. The experiments evaluated the B concentrations of 0, 0.085, 0.170, 0.255, and 0.340 g L^?1; applied in the 20, 35, and 50 days after the transplant (DAT) of beet cv. ‘Tall Top Early Wonder’, and in the 20, 40, and 60 DAT for the tomato cv. ‘Raisa N’. The plants were cultivated in pots with washed sand with 5 dm³ for the beet crop and 10 dm³ for the tomato crop. The beet and tomato crops were harvested 58 and 154 DAT, respectively. The leaves and fruits numbers; the foliar area; the dry matter of leaves, bark and roots; the fresh and dry matter of the fruits and the tuberous root; the dry matter of the total plant and the B foliar content were evaluated. The total dry matter of beet and tomato the plant were influenced by the concentration of the foliar B spray. The highest yield of the tuberous root and the total plant dry matter of beet occurred with B foliar concentration of 0.065 g L^?1 and it was associated with the B foliar content of 26 mg kg^?1. The highest yield of fruit and total plant dry matter of tomato occurred with the B foliar spraying of 0.340 g L^?1 and it was associated with the B foliar content of 72 mg kg^?1.  相似文献   

微量元素处理种子对作物生产的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金喜军  迟超  张盼盼  李鲲  薛远财  金毅  张俊杰  张玉先 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2015,(3):22-27

微量元素是影响作物生长、产量和品质的重要因素,而不利的自然条件和不当的耕作措施会降低土壤中作物可利用微量元素数量,导致作物产量和品质下降。现对微量元素引发和包衣处理种子的方法,在弥补作物微量元素缺乏、促进作物生长和产量提高方面的积极作用进行了总结。经分析表明:与土壤施入和叶面喷施相比,微量元素处理种子是一种简单、经济、有效的增产措施,并且随着技术改进和创新,微量元素处理种子技术将在未来规模化种植和有机农业生产中发挥越来越大的作用。  相似文献