基于氮稳定同位素分析的三峡水库主要鱼类营养级研究          下载免费PDF全文

何春  邓华堂  王果  刘寒文  沈子伟  刘绍平  段辛斌  陈大庆  李云 《渔业科学进展》2022,43(4):116-126

运用稳定同位素技术对2018年7月—2019年1月采自三峡库区干流木洞、涪陵、云阳和秭归江段的38种鱼类进行氮稳定同位素分析,同时计算鱼类营养级并构建了鱼类连续营养谱。研究结果显示,三峡库区干流鱼类δ15N值平均值为11.02‰,变化范围为5.31‰~17.79‰。以初级消费者螺类作为基准生物估算出三峡库区干流鱼类平均营养级为2.67,范围为1.47~4.12。营养级大于4级的鱼类仅有1种,营养级位于2~3级之间的鱼类种类数最多,占种类总数的50.0%,其次是营养级大于3级的鱼类,占种类总数的31.6%,不同食性鱼类组合的营养级存在差异。库区干流鱼类营养级的时空差异均不显著,而越靠近大坝的江段食物链长度的季节性波动幅度越大。和水库蓄水运行初期相比,鱼类营养级显著升高且高营养级鱼类的群落结构和营养特征发生了一定程度的改变,特别是拥有较高营养级的短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)在库区干流逐渐扩张并成为优势种,其可能对库区干流鱼类营养结构产生影响。  相似文献   

Effects of nature sounds on the attention and physiological and psychological relaxation     

《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2023

This study aims to verify the effects of nature sounds on attention, and physiological and psychological relaxation. Twenty-six university students (mean age: 21.5 ± 1.9 years) participated in this study, and the experiment was conducted with one person at a time. A mixed sound of valley water and birds in a forest environment was used as the nature sound, and a road traffic sound was used as the urban sound (control). The participants performed the following steps: (1) closed their eyes and rested for 1 min; (2) opened their eyes and completed attention tasks while hearing nature or urban sounds for 1 min; (3) closed their eyes again and rested while hearing the same sound for 1 min. We used Harris and Harris grid for the attention task. We measured the participants’ oxy-hemoglobin concentration, heart rate variability, and heart rate for physiological evaluation, and used semantic differential method, and profile of mood states for psychological evaluation. As a result, ① There was no significant difference in the results of the attention task; however, the scores were slightly higher when hearing nature sound. ② The oxy-hemoglobin concentration and heart rate was lower, and parasympathetic nerve activity was enhanced when hearing nature sound than when hearing urban sound. ③ Once participants heard nature sound, they felt more comfortable, relaxed, and natural, and the negative mood state was lower, while the positive mood state was higher than urban sound. This suggests that hearing nature sounds may be an effective way to relieve stress in everyday life.  相似文献   

基于可见/短波近红外光谱检测结球甘蓝维生素C含量   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

李鸿强  孙红  李民赞 《农业工程学报》2018,34(8):269-275

维生素C是人类必需的营养素,结球甘蓝作为主要蔬菜品种之一富含维生素C。该试验利用可见/短波近红外光谱分析技术,开展结球甘蓝维生素C含量的快速检测方法研究。首先通过Kennard-Stone(K-S)法将样本按照6:1划分为校正集(60个样本)和验证集(11个样本),分别利用反射率和吸光度的原始光谱、一阶导数(first derivative,FD)和二阶导数(second derivative,SD)光谱预处理后对应的6个数据集,建立偏最小二乘(partial least squares,PLS)回归模型。针对最优光谱预处理方法处理后的光谱,设置5个置信水平(0.95,0.975,0.99,0.995,0.999 5),利用逐步回归(stepwise regression,SR)进行建模波长选择,以各置信水平对应的各组优选波长进行多元线性回归建模。结果表明:利用FD光谱预处理方法可以提高PLS回归模型精度,验正集R~2从处理前的0.85提高到0.96,是该研究的最佳光谱数据预处理方法。利用降维后的7个主成分继续建立PLS回归模型,校正集R~2为0.92,交互验证均方根误差(root mean squared error of cross validation,RMSECV)为0.658 0 mg/100 g,验证集R~2为0.96,预测均方根误差(root mean squared error of prediction,RMSEP)为1.620 4 mg/100 g。PLS回归模型预测维生素C含量,检测精度高,可以代替传统检测方法,为结球甘蓝的品质评定提供一种新的途径。进一步分别应用8,6,5个优选波长进行多元线性回归建模,校正集R~2平均为0.78,RMSECV平均为3.760 9 mg/100 g,验证集R~2平均为0.73,RMSEP平均为2.879 2 mg/100 g,虽然R~2有所降低,但波长点少,利用较少的波长变量来预测维生素C含量,降低模型复杂度,可以为便携式检测仪器开发提供技术支持,以提高结球甘蓝内部品质评定作业效率。  相似文献   

Effects of long-term green manure application on the content and structure of dissolved organic matter in red paddy soil     

Song-juan GAO  Ju-sheng GAO  Wei-dong CAO  Chun-qin ZOU  Jing HUANG  Jin-shun BAI  Fu-gen DOU 《农业科学学报》2018,17(8):1852-1860

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays important roles in soil biogeochemistry activity and nutrients transportation in soils, but studies regarding the long-term effects of green manures on the content and structure of DOM in red paddy soil have not been reported yet. A long-term green manure experiment established in 1982 was utilized to test the DOM contents in different treatments, and the spectral characteristics of DOM were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The experiment included four cropping systems: rice-rice-milk vetch (RRV), rice-rice-rape (RRP), rice-rice-ryegrass (RRG) and rice-rice-winter fallow (RRF), among them, milk vetch, rape, and ryegrass are popular winter green manure species in southern China. The results showed that the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is widely used to estimate the concentration of DOM, was significantly promoted after the incorporation of green manures compared with the other sampling stages. The contents of aromatic groups and the degree of humification of DOM increased in RRV and RRP, suggesting more complex compositions of the soil DOM after long-term application of milk vetch and rape. The contents of phenol, alcohol and carboxylic acid group at the mature stage of early rice were significantly higher than those at the stage of after green manures turned over, especially for the RRV treatment. The absorption ratio of FTIR indicated that winter plantation of rape increased the aromatic-C/aliphatic-C ratio, and ryegrass increased the aromatic-C/carboxyl-C ratio. In conclusion, long-term planting of milk vetch and rape as green manures increased the degree of aromaticity, humification and average molecular weight of DOM, and made the DOM more stable in red paddy soil.  相似文献   

羊肉近红外光谱采集质量的影响因素     

阎聪  朱荣光  黄昆鹏  邱园园  范中建  孟令峰 《新疆农业科学》2018,55(5):974-980

【目的】研究羊肉近红外光谱采集质量影响因素。【方法】以新疆羊肉为研究对象,研究不同光源、光纤参数、仪器检测时间、采集距离、采集参数等对光谱采集质量的影响。【结果】VIVO光源性能优于HL-2000光源,功率较大,温控好的光源能提高光谱重复性、减小光谱噪声;增加接收光纤芯径或数目,光谱反射率增大;随着仪器检测时间增长,光谱基线漂移越严重且各波长点向短波方向移动;随着采集距离的增加,光谱反射率先增大再减小;积分时间变长,光谱质量变好;适当增加平滑度和平均次数光谱质量较好。【结论】分析了各因素对光谱的影响,为改进仪器和检测条件提供了一定的参考依据。  相似文献   

福建将乐林场主要树种冠层光谱反射特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张莹  张晓丽  王书涵 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,44(2):83-89，96

【目的】对福建将乐林场主要树种的冠层光谱曲线进行分析,以建立和完善该地区森林树种光谱数据库,并对利用高光谱数据研究森林树种分类提供理论和技术支持。【方法】对实测的林场内5个主要树种(马尾松、杉木、毛竹、木荷和苦槠栲)的平均冠层反射光谱曲线,采用导数光谱、红边特征及将冠层光谱曲线转化到频率域的离散傅里叶变换方法进行分析,比较各树种冠层光谱曲线在空间和频率域上的差别。【结果】在可见光波段(480~700nm),毛竹和苦槠栲的冠层反射率高于其他树种;在近红外波段(720~920nm),苦槠栲、木荷、毛竹的冠层反射率明显高于马尾松和杉木,且苦槠栲木荷毛竹。一阶导数光谱对植被类型有很好的区分作用,可以将植被在可见光波段附近吸收谷的特征和在近红外波段的红边特征进行突出显示。冠层光谱的红边特征参数表现为木荷和苦槠栲的光谱曲线红边斜率较大,明显高于马尾松、杉木和毛竹;毛竹的红边位置明显低于其他树种。对树种冠层光谱的频谱分析结果得出,冠层光谱前12次谐波能量累计达到99%,原始光谱曲线冠层光谱在频域上也有可分性,前4次谐波的幅度谱可以将苦槠栲、木荷和毛竹区分出来。【结论】不同树种的光谱曲线在空间域和频率域都存在明显的差别,光谱曲线的红边参数和冠层光谱在频率域的幅度谱有助于定量化地区分不同的树种类型。  相似文献   

Global distribution of rice weeds – A review     

《Crop Protection》2016

This review provides an overview on the most common rice weed species of the world. It shows that a few generalists have established in rice independent from sites, crop management systems, and local climatic conditions. Cosmopolitan weeds are even constant elements where rice cultivation started just a century ago. Local differences may be explained by cultivation methods, growing seasons, or special weed management. Some general changes in weed spectra have been observed globally in recent years. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) and herbicide resistance have become general global problems within the last decades. Some global key weed genera such as Echinochloa, Cyperus, Scirpus, or Fimbristylis species are, however, still dominating rice fields despite the decade long use of well performing herbicides. On the other side, general species shifts as a result of resistance have not been observed yet. Leptochloa species started to become major problems in Asia in the end of the last century and now in Europe also. Several modern herbicides allow the control of perennial weeds, such as Cyperus rotundus L. or Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi which makes them no longer serious threats. Some genera in rice such as Echinochloa and Oryza (weedy rice) are characterized by an enormous germplasm variability which makes species definitions difficult. The fact that weeds in rice have to adapt to wet or aquatic conditions reduces the biodiversity range in comparison to other arable crops. Water management has a considerable impact on weed spectra. The increase of rice acreages with reduced irrigation may end up in higher weed infestations. Long term results of weed surveys in rice as they exist for other crops are, however, not available. This makes predictions on biodiversity changes in this crop quite difficult.  相似文献   

Sorption–desorption of fipronil in some soils,as influenced by ionic strength,pH and temperature          下载免费PDF全文

Anand Singh  Anjana Srivastava  Prakash C Srivastava 《Pest management science》2016,72(8):1491-1499

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基于高光谱和BP神经网络的玉米叶片SPAD值遥感估算   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11  

李媛媛  常庆瑞  刘秀英  严林  罗丹  王烁 《农业工程学报》2016,32(16):135-142

为了进一步提高玉米叶绿素含量的高光谱估算精度,该文测定了西北地区玉米乳熟期叶片的光谱反射率及其对应的叶绿素相对含量（soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD）值,分析了一阶微分光谱、高光谱特征参数与 SPAD的相关关系,构建了基于一阶微分光谱、高光谱特征参数和 BP 神经网络的 SPAD 估算模型,并对模型进行验证;再结合主成分回归（principal component regression,PCR）、偏最小二乘回归（partial least squares regression,PLSR）以及传统回归模型与 BP 神经网络模型进行比较。结果表明：SPAD 值与一阶微分光谱在763nm 处具有最大相关系数（R=0.901）;以763 nm 处的一阶微分值、蓝边内最大一阶微分为自变量建立的传统回归模型可用于玉米叶片 SPAD 估算;将构建传统回归模型时筛选到的光谱参数作为输入,实测 SPAD 值作为输出,构建 BP 神经网络模型,其建模与验模 R2分别为0.887和0.896,RMSE 为2.782,RE 为4.59%,与其他回归模型相比,BP 神经网络模型预测精度最高,研究表明 BP 神经网络对叶绿素具有较好的预测能力,是估算玉米叶片 SPAD 值的一种实时高效的方法。  相似文献   

田间冬小麦抽穗期长势分析——基于可见-近红外光   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘仁杰  房俊龙  李民赞  孙红  吴李烜  赵毅  张猛 《农机化研究》2016,(4):141-146

为了快速估测大田冬小麦叶绿素含量指标,指导冬小麦抽穗期追肥管理,基于光谱分析技术在可见光和近红外波段(325~1 075 nm)处,对陕西省杨凌区揉谷镇粮食基地的冬小麦进行长势检测、分析。试验在1 000 m×600 m区域内划分为30个采样区进行数据采集,使用ASD Field Spec Hand Held光谱辐射仪(Analytical Spectral Devices.,USA)采集冬小麦的冠层光谱反射率数据,使用SPAD-5 0 2 Plus便携式叶绿素仪测量小麦倒一叶和倒二叶的叶绿素指标(SPAD值),使用G738 CM型手持式GPS记录采样点的位置信息。分别进行冠层光谱反射率小麦倒一叶和倒二叶的预处理,结果表明:冠层反射光谱倒二叶的SPAD值相关系数高于倒一叶。基于相关性分析,选取4个敏感波段538、661、740、850 nm分别与预处理前后的光谱数据进行多元线性回归分析,结果表明:预处理后的模型精度较高,建模精度R2=0.8 3,验证建模精度R2=0.7。同时,绘制了大田作物长势分布图,可为冬小麦抽穗期追肥提供支持。  相似文献