基于超高频RFID双天线双标签对照的果园单轨运输机定位     

吕石磊  梁尹聪  李震  王建华  王卫星 《农业工程学报》2018,34(4):71-79

针对果园单轨运输机在轨位置精准感知的应用需求,该文基于超高频射频识别技术(radio frequency identification,RFID)接收信号强度数据进行了运输机定位试验研究。该研究通过分析RFID通信特征,设计了RFID双天线双标签对照的运输机定位方法,构建了能量传输定位模型和路径损耗定位模型;通过阅读器单天线试验,得到当前RFID设备的安装参数,确定了阅读器天线与轨道标签之间的最优垂直距离为20 cm,双标签之间的最优水平在轨距离为45 cm;通过双天线试验及数据分析,得到适用于试验环境的最优定位模型系数。试验结果表明,该研究提出的定位模型能够有效降低噪声干扰,减少定位误差。RFID设备在最优定位参数条件下,使用路径损耗定位模型得到的最小定位误差均值为1.0070 cm。该研究验证了基于超高频RFID对果园单轨运输机定位的可行性,提升了运输机运行安全性和可靠性。  相似文献   

果园喷雾机自动对靶喷雾控制系统研制与试验   总被引：2，自引：11，他引：2  

许林云  张昊天  张海锋  徐业勇  徐铭铭  蒋雪松  张慧春  贾志成 《农业工程学报》2014,30(22):1-9

为提高农药利用率,减少环境污染,该文针对中国果园机械化作业条件差和传统果园喷雾机连续喷雾时存在果树间空隙无效喷雾的特点,设计了自动对靶喷雾控制系统,该系统以GY8履带自走式果园喷雾机为载体,采用传感器测距方式探测果树,实现自动对靶喷雾。通过对超声波、红外和激光3种传感器进行性能比较,及对超声波和激光2种传感器进行静态识别间距测试与分析,红外传感器受光强影响较大,超声波传感器识别间距超过800 mm,均不满足果园精确对靶喷雾控制要求,激光传感器静态识别间距只有20 mm,具有工作稳定、响应快速、方向性好等特点,故将激光传感器选为自动对靶喷雾机探测装置,并将激光传感器安装于喷头组件前方220 mm。采用连续3次检测靶标判别法设计了自动对靶喷雾系统,该系统可有效避免因激光光束较细而导致的将树冠内空洞、枝间间隙等误判为果树间空隙而出现的电磁阀频繁启闭动作。行驶速度为0.5 m/s时,自动对靶喷雾控制系统的动态靶标识别间距介于100~150 mm之间,行驶速度1.0 m/s时,动态靶标识别间距为200~250 mm。此外,该系统还具有提前及延后喷雾功能,自动对靶喷雾系统提前靶标95.0~157.5 mm距离开始喷雾,离开靶标100 mm距离停止喷雾,使喷雾完全覆盖整个树冠。与连续喷雾相比,对靶喷雾可有效节省施药量,对于空隙比为20.0%、35.2%、52.9%靶标行枣树,行驶速度为0.5 m/s时省药率分别达27.9%、53.7%、76.9%,行驶速度为1.0 m/s时省药率分别达27.3%、54.5%、81.0%。因此,该自动对靶喷雾系统对稀疏果园的精确对靶病虫害防治具有较好的实用价值。  相似文献   

3WZF-400A型果园风送喷雾机改进设计   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曲峰  盛希宇  李熙  张俊雄  李伟  刘景云 《农业机械学报》2017,48(S1):15-21

3WZF-400A型果园风送喷雾机通过安装直线导流板引导了气流速度场,在一定程度上解决了传统轴流式风送喷雾机农药浪费以及防治效果差的问题,但仍无法使靶标区域的气流速度分布与作物冠层轮廓匹配。本文以计算流体力学为手段,对该型喷雾机进行了改进设计。通过设置不同数量和角度的短导流板进一步引导喷雾机气流场,并建立了对应的气流速度场分布模型。通过对比选取最佳的改进设计方案,并进行了试验验证与喷雾性能测试。研究结果表明,当短导流板数量为2,喷雾机导流板角度组合为45°、15°、-15°和5°,且风机风速为20m/s时,在靶标处的气流速度分布能够与作物冠形轮廓匹配,所建立的模型能够较准确地模拟喷雾机实际气流速度场的分布。在此基础上以雾滴覆盖率为指标评价了改进设计后的喷雾机喷雾性能,并与改进前的喷雾机喷雾性能作对比,结果表明雾滴能够在垂直平面内按照作物冠形合理分布。  相似文献   

半干旱地区果园土壤Cl-迁移积累与环境因子的关系     

郭全恩  王益权  郭天文  马忠明  刘军  南丽丽 《核农学报》2009,23(5):853-857

为揭示环境因子对果园表层土壤氯离子迁移累积的影响,为预防和改良土壤次生盐渍化提供理论指导和相关依据,研究果树生育期表层土壤不同土层氯离子的变化与环境因子（土温、土壤水分、蒸发量、降雨量、水分亏值、气温、空气相对湿度）的相互关系。结果表明：在土壤0~25cm土层的微域范围内,不同土层对氯离子的迁移与累积具有不同的功能。0~5cm土层为氯离子聚集层,10~15cm土层为氯离子传导层。认为10~15cm土层是半干旱地区环境因子对土壤性质直接作用与影响的临界深度。  相似文献   

杉木种子园病害及其综合防治   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄天章  黄奕冲 《福建林业科技》1994,21(3):67-70

本文列举了福建省杉木种子园主要病害的症状和病原菌，并阐述了主要病害的发生发展规律。综合防治措施表明，加强抚育管理并结合９１７菌剂防治效果较好。  相似文献   

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacada L.) clonal seed orchards in Hungary     

Károly Redei  Zoltán Osváth-Bujtás  Irina Veperdi 《中国林学(英文版)》2006,(4)

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. The main aim of the discussed new selection programme is to identify black locust clones with good performance and good form for setting up clonal seed orchards. As a result of selection programme 16 new black locust clones have been improved. In spring 2002 a black locust seed orchard was established with the newly selected clones. About 40% of the plants can be considered to belong to the height growth rate class 1 and 2. Hungary was the first country where micropropagated black locust planting material was used for seed orchard establishment.  相似文献   

NITROGEN USE AND MANAGEMENT IN ORCHARDS AND VEGETABLE FIELDS IN CHINA: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS     

Xueqiang ZHU  Peng ZHOU  Peng MIAO  Haoying WANG  Xinlu BAI  Zhujun CHEN  Jianbin ZHOU 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2022,9(3):386

● Excessive application of N fertilizers in orchards and vegetable fields (OVFs) in China is particularly common. ● Long-term excessive application of N fertilizers has made OVFs hotspots for N surplus and loss in China. ● Nitrate accumulation in the soil profile is the main fate of N fertilizers in OVF systems. ● Reducing the N surplus is the most effective way to reduce N loss and increase NUE. China is the largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables in the world. Although the annual planting areas of orchards and vegetable fields (OVF) account for 20% of total croplands, they consume more than 30% of the mineral nitrogen fertilizers in China and have become hotspots of reactive N emissions. Excess N fertilization has not only reduced the N use efficiency (NUE) and quality of grown fruits and vegetables but has also led to soil acidification, biodiversity loss and climate change. Studies using ¹⁵N labeling analysis showed that the recovery rate of N fertilizer in OVFs was only 16.6%, and a high proportion of fertilizer N resided in soils (48.3%) or was lost to the environment (35.1%). Nitrate accumulation in the soil of OVFs is the main fate of N fertilizer in northern China, which threatens groundwater quality, while leaching and denitrification are the important N fates of N fertilizer in southern China. Therefore, taking different measures to reduce N loss and increase NUE based on the main pathways of N loss in the various regions is urgent, including rational N fertilization, substituting mineral N fertilizers with organic fertilizers, fertigation, and adding mineral N fertilizers with urease inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors.  相似文献   

杉木初级种子园合理疏伐对种子产量的影响     

韦荣建  韦西华 《江苏林业科技》1998,25(4):29-31

对杉木初级种子园进行适时合理疏伐，可使种子园种子产量大幅度增加。按照无性系生长的差异，每公顷保留２４０～３００株、３００～３６０株对种子增产效果显著。疏伐后种子产量年均每公顷达１１４．２ｋｇ。  相似文献   

Effect of long term addition of composts and poultry manure on soil quality of citrus orchards in Southern Italy     

Stefano?CanaliEmail author  Alessandra?Trinchera  Francesco?Intrigliolo  Letizia?Pompili  Luigi?Nisini  Stefano?Mocali  Biagio?Torrisi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,40(3):206-210

A 6-year study was conducted in an organically managed orange orchard located in Sicily (Southern Italy) to assess the effect of compost and organic fertiliser utilisation on soil quality. Adopting a randomised-block experimental design with three replicates, four treatments were carried out. In treatments 1 and 2, two different composts (C1 from distillery by-products and C2 from livestock waste) were applied. The plots of treatment 3 were fertilised using dried poultry manure. The control treatment was fertilised by mineral/synthetic fertilisers. In order to verify the hypothesis that composts and organic fertilisers improve soil fertility, soil quality was evaluated by selecting dynamic soil parameters, as indicators linked to C and N cycles. Total organic C, total N, C/N ratio, humified fraction, isoelectric focussing (IEF) of extracted organic matter, microbial biomass C, potentially mineralisable N under anaerobic conditions, potentially mineralisable C, C mineralisation quotient and metabolic quotient were determined for each sample. Moreover, the Community Level Physiological Profile (by Biolog technique) was defined, calculating derived functional biodiversity and versatility indexes. Parameters related to IEF and potentially mineralisable C showed significant differences among the treatments. Moreover, total C, total N and humification parameters tended to increase, while no differences were observed in biodiversity indexes. On these findings, it was concluded that composts and poultry manure only weakly affected soil properties, though they increased soil potentially available nutritive elements to crops.  相似文献   

Self‐pollination does not affect fruit set or fruit characteristics in almond (Prunus dulcis)     

Pedro J. Martínez‐García  Encarnación Ortega  Federico Dicenta 《Plant Breeding》2011,130(3):367-371

  相似文献