Fatty acid composition of 12 microalgae for possible use in aquaculture feed   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Vishwanath Patil  Torsten Källqvist  Elisabeth Olsen  Gjermund Vogt  Hans R. Gislerød 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(1):1-9

Twelve algal strains representing the classes Cyanophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Rhodophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Xantophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae were selected mainly from the culture collection of the Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA). The algae were grown as continuous cultures in a 1.8 l. reactor, internally illuminated with an 11 W fluorescent tube. The retention time was adjusted in the range 2–4 days to fit the growth rate of the algae. The growth responses and fatty acid composition were analysed. The maximum production rate was obtained with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (0.63 g 1⁻¹ day⁻¹) and the lowest with Porphyridium cruentum 0.13 g 1⁻¹ day⁻¹. Arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were the dominating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in P. cruentum, while only EPA accumulated in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was the major PUFA in Isochrysis galbana, while Pavlova sp. had both EPA and DHA. This is the first report on the fatty acid profiles of Nannochloropsis oceanica, Chroococcus sp., Synechococcus sp. and Tribonema sp.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary lipids on the fatty acid composition of triglycerides and phospholipids in tissues of white sturgeon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. XU  S.S.O. HUNG  J. B. GERMAN 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1996,2(2):101-109

Eight purified diets were fed to juvenile white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus Rick, for 9 weeks to investigate the effect of dietary lipids on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triglycerides from muscle, liver and brain. The diets contained 150 g kg^?1 of oils from canola, corn, cod liver, lard, linseed, soybean, safflower, or a control mixture (corn oil/cod liver oil/lard, 1:1:1, by wt). Dietary lipids significantly (P≤ 05) affected the composition of tissue triglycerides and phospholipids. Tissue triglyceride fatty acid composition ranged widely, in parallel with the dietary lipids, while phospholipids changes were more conservative. Brain phospholipid fatty acid composition was less responsive to diet compared with that in muscle and liver. Considerable amounts of n-6 and n-3 long chain polyun-saturated fatty acids (> C₂₀) were found in triglycerides and phospholipids with all diets, demonstrating that white sturgeon can desaturate and elongate linoleic acid (18:2n–6) and linolenic acid (18:3n–3). Further, the products of the Δ6 desaturase, i.e. 18:3 n–6 and 18:4n–3, were relatively abundant in triglyceride, suggesting that the Δ6 desaturase might not be a limiting step in the process in white sturgeon. Nevertheless, accumulation of both EPA and DHA was greater in the sturgeon fed fish oil than those fed linseed oil, indicating that muscle triglyceride EPA and DHA levels are best enhanced by diets rich in preformed EPA and DHA.  相似文献   

地中海山地土壤中团聚体的形成和有机质的储存   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. M. POCH  M. ANT&#;NEZ 《土壤圈》2010,20(6):702-710

Soil aggregation and organic matter of soils from the pre-Pyrenean range in Catalonia (NE Spain) were studied, in order to assess their quality as carbon sinks and also to select the best soil management practices to preserve their quality. Aggregate stability, organic carbon and micromorphology were investigated. The highest amount of organic carbon was found in alluvial, deep soils (228 Mg C ha^-1), and the lowest was in a shallow, stony soil with a low plant cover (78 Mg C ha^-1). Subsurface horizons of degraded soils under pastures were the ones with smaller and less-stable aggregates. Fresh residues of organic matter (OM) were found mostly in interaggregate spaces. Within the aggregates there were some organic remains that were beginning to decompose, and also impregnative nodules of amorphous OM. Although OM was evenly distributed among the aggregate fractions, the larger blocky peds had more specific surface, contained less decomposed OM and had a lower organic/mineral interphase than smaller crumb aggregates, which were also more stable. Soil carbon storage was affected primarily by the OM inputs in the surface horizons. In order to store organic carbon over the mid-and long-term periods, the mechanisms favouring structuration through biological activity and creating small aggregates with intrapedal stable microporosities seemed to be the most effective.  相似文献   

致谢审稿专家     

LI Ling-Ling  HUANG Li-Dong  CHUNG Ren-Shih  ZHANG Yong-Song  FOK Ka-Hang 《土壤圈》2010,20(6):i-vi

Two agricultural soils were collected from Dahu and Pinchen counties and swine manure compost (SMC) from Pingtung County in Taiwan, China to investigate the sorption and dissipation of three tetracyclines (TCs), i.e., oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC), in compost, soils and soil/compost mixtures with different organic carbon (OC) contents. There were seven treatments in total. TCs were most strongly adsorbed to SMC in all treatments due to the high OC content. When SMC was present in the soils, the sorption of TCs was significantly enhanced, which might be attributed to the increased OC content and CEC. The adsorption of TCs showed non-linear adsorption isotherms and fitted well to the Freundlich model. After 49 d of incubation at 25 oC in soils and soil/compost mixtures in the dark, TCs elapsed in all substrates, with the time required for 50% degradation (DT50) between 20 and 41 d, and the time for 90% degradation (DT90) between 68 and 137 d. Soil amended with compost enhanced the stability of TCs and reduced their mobility. The dissipation of TCs in a soil environment was slow, indicating that these compounds might be persistent in soil.  相似文献   

稻壳发电残余物稻壳灰对有机物的吸附作用   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

谢杰  陈天虎  庆承松  宋浩 《农业工程学报》2010,26(5):283-287

为解决稻壳发电残余物——稻壳灰的利用问题,该文研究了稻壳灰在不同条件下对有机污染物的吸附作用。结果表明,稻壳灰在经过碱洗处理后,其对有机污染物的吸附性能明显提高。当溶液pH值小于7.0时,稻壳灰对有机污染物的吸附效果要好于pH值大于7.0时的吸附效果。该研究表明,稻壳灰经过碱洗处理后,可以用作吸附剂,吸附污水中的有机污染物,实现废物的再次利用。  相似文献   

堆肥过程中水溶性有机物常规荧光与固体表面荧光光谱比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

何小松  席北斗  魏自民  李鸣晓  安达  余红  刘鸿亮 《农业工程学报》2010,26(10):272-276

为研究固体表面荧光表征堆肥有机质结构及物质转化特征的可行性,采集堆肥原样,提取水溶性有机物,分别对两者的含碳量及前者的固体表面荧光和后者的常规荧光光谱进行分析。结果显示：堆肥过程中,水溶性有机物占总堆肥有机物的比例不断下降,第40天降至5.1 g/kg。堆肥进行时,水溶性有机物的发射、激发光谱及同步荧光光谱中的类腐殖质荧光的强度均不断增强,而堆肥原样的激发、发射和同步3种扫描形式的固体表面荧光却不断降低。3种荧光光谱中,堆肥原样和水溶性有机物的同步荧光光谱在常规荧光光谱和固体表面荧光中都出现了类蛋白和类腐  相似文献   

松嫩平原玉米带农田土壤有机碳时空格局   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

张春华  王宗明  任春颖  宋开山  张柏  刘殿伟 《农业工程学报》2010,26(13):300-307

该文基于吉林省第二次全国土壤普查省数据、县级土壤剖面资料和2003－2006年实测数据,估算了不同土壤类型农田表层土壤有机碳密度和储量,并对近25年来土壤有机碳时空变化特征及其原因进行分析。结果表明,总体上松嫩平原玉米带农田土壤有机碳密度和储量呈增加趋势。其中,碱土、暗棕壤、黑土和草甸土的土壤有机碳密度增幅分别达33%（4.16 kg/m2）,23.05%（3.79 kg/m2）、16.51%（3.74 kg/m2）和12.20%（3.77 kg/m2）;相反,黑钙土有机碳密度下降幅度达30.79%（2.18 kg/m2）。两时期土壤有机碳密度的空间分布格局基本一致,呈中部高、边缘低的趋势,但25年间土壤有机碳含量变化与1980年初始含量呈显著负相关（r＝-0.615**,P＜0.01）,且4.04 kg/m2是土壤有机碳上升或下降的临界值。根据West等提出的土壤碳汇潜力估算方法,如果保持1980年土地利用方式和传统的栽培耕作措施不变的情况下,松嫩平原玉米带农田土壤有机碳的碳汇潜力为0.33 Tg/a。  相似文献   

耕地土壤有机质空间变异性的随机模拟   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

杨奇勇  杨劲松  姚荣江  黄标  孙维侠 《农业工程学报》2010,26(12):324-329

有机质是土壤重要的肥力特征,研究盐渍土改良区耕地土壤有机质空间变异特征可为土壤质量提升提供科学依据。以山东省禹城市盐渍土改良区典型地块耕地土壤有机质为研究对象,在全面野外调查和室内化验分析以获得大量的土壤有机质相关信息的基础上,运用地统计学方法对有机质进行了序贯高斯模拟各次实现（SGSV）、序贯高斯模拟平均实现（SGSA）和ordinary Kriging插值（OK）,并将SGSV、SGSA、OK与实测数据进行了统计参数、变异函数、空间分布趋势等方面进行了对比分析。结果表明OK、SGSA改变了有机质数据的空间结构,具有“平滑”效应,SGSA在消除平滑影响方面优于Kriging插值;SGSV具有与实测数据相同的空间自相关结构,对预测点的模拟值具有不确定性,为揭示研究区域土壤有机质的空间结构特征提供了有力的工具,对盐渍土改良区土壤有机质空间不确定性的风险研究具有更实际的意义。  相似文献   

Effect of lithological substrate on microbial biomass and enzyme activity in brown soil profiles in the northern Apennines (Italy)     

S. Marinari  L. Vittori Antisari 《Pedobiologia》2010,53(5):313-320

The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial activity along forest brown soil profiles sequence developed on different lithological substrates (carbonate or non-carbonated cement in sandstone formations) at different altitudes. The main question posed was: does carbonate affect the biochemical activity of brown soil profiles at different altitudes? For the purpose of this study, four soil profiles with different amounts and compositions of SOM developed on different lithological substrates were selected: two with carbonate (MB and MZ) and the other two with non-carbonated cement in the sandstone formations (MF1 and MF2). Chemical and biochemical properties of soil were analysed along soil profiles in order to assess the SOM quantity and quality, namely total organic C (C_org), water extractable organic C (WEOC) and humification indices (HI, DH, HR). Microbial biomass (C_mic and N_mic) content, as well as the specific activities of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase and chitinase enzymes were chosen as indicators of biochemical activity. The soil biochemical properties provided evidence of better conditions for microorganisms in MB than in MF1, MF2 and MZ soil profiles, since patterns of microbial biomass content and activity might be expected in response to the amount and quality of organic substances. The different lithological substrates did not show any clear effect on soil microbial biomass content, since similar values were obtained in MF1, MF2 (with non-carbonated cement) and MZ (with carbonate). However, the specific activities of acid phosphatase (per unit of C_org and per unit of C_mic) were higher in soils with no carbonate (MF1 and MF2) than in soils with carbonate (MB and MZ). In conclusion, the biochemical activity along brown soil profiles was mainly regulated by different soil organic matter content and quality, while the two different lithological substrates (with carbonate or non-carbonated cement in the sandstone formations) did not show any direct effect on microbial biomass and its activity. However, the activity of acid phosphatase per unit of C was particularly enhanced in soil with non-carbonate cement in the sandstone formations.  相似文献   

Nitrogen isotopic composition of leached nitrate and soil organic matter as an indicator of denitrification in a sloping drained agricultural plot and adjacent uncultivated riparian buffer strips   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Claire Billy  Gilles Billen  François Birgand 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(1):108-117

In the small, agricultural, artificially drained Orgeval watershed δ¹⁵N values of leached nitrates and soil organic nitrogen were found to be significantly higher than the primary nitrogen (N) sources from which they are derived, namely, synthetic fertilizers, atmospheric deposition, and symbiotic or nonsymbiotic N₂ fixation (all with δ¹⁵N close to zero). In vertical soil profiles, the δ¹⁵N of organic N increased with depth, reaching higher values (up to 8‰) particularly at stations that were frequently waterlogged as judged from ochre iron traces, such as downhill field sites or in riparian buffer strips. Nitrification, volatilization, and denitrification are the main fractionating processes able to modify the isotopic composition of soil N. Using a newly designed algorithm for calculating the equilibrium isotopic composition of all soil N species, resulting from the average annual balance of their transformations, we show that the observed trends can be explained by the action of denitrification. We suggest that the isotopic composition of soil organic N can be used as a semiquantitative indicator of the intensity of denitrification integrated over century-long periods.  相似文献