柠檬成熟果实可溶性糖和有机酸积累特征分析     

李文云  罗怿  柏自琴  王小柯  李金强  徐娟 《中国果业信息》2019,48(4)

本研究利用GC-MS对3个柠檬品种和2个贵州地方特色宽皮柑橘(牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘)果肉中可溶性糖和有机酸含量进行了检测。研究结果表明,共检测到蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、木糖等10种可溶性糖,以及柠檬酸、苹果酸、奎宁酸、草酸等10种有机酸。柠檬、牛肉红朱橘、朱红橘可溶性糖和有机酸组分类似,差异主要在含量上。可溶性糖含量分析结果表明,果实中主要可溶性糖为蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖,3种主要的可溶性糖在牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘中的平均含量均显著高于柠檬,分别是柠檬的4.51倍、2.18倍和1.68倍。有机酸含量分析结果表明,柠檬有机酸含量远高于牛肉红朱橘和朱红橘,3个柠檬柠檬酸和奎宁酸的平均含量分别是2个宽皮柑橘的12.18倍和10.05倍。以上分析结果表明,可溶性糖和有机酸含量反映了柑橘品种的种质特征,且与果实风味和口感一致。  相似文献   

湖北有机猕猴桃主要虫害的生活习性及其OPM技术     

杨清平 《中国果业信息》2014,43(6)

猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa)病虫害防治是制约有机猕猴桃发展的主要问题之一。本文通过对湖北猕猴桃害虫的调查研究,发现湖北省猕猴桃主要害虫有十多种,主要包括：金龟甲、隆背花薪甲、介壳虫、斑衣腊蝉、叶蝉、茶翅蝽、鸟嘴壶夜蛾、蝙蝠蛾等;文章分别对其生活习性及其OPM技术进行了介绍。  相似文献   

有机与常规‘脐红’猕猴桃营养品质动态分析     

刘军禄  郁俊谊  刘占德  姚春潮  王林青  贺浩浩 《中国果业信息》2017,46(6)

通过对常规与有机‘脐红’猕猴桃,从刚采收的鲜果（可溶性固形物>6.5）在常温条件下贮存到腐烂,每间隔7天测定果实的硬度、可溶性固形物、总酸、固酸比和Vc含量,分析‘脐红’猕猴桃在后熟过程中营养品质变化动态,有利于指导人们在果实营养品质最佳时食用。结果显示,猕猴桃果实在从采收成熟度向生理成熟度过渡时,果实硬度和总酸都随时间的延长而下降,而可溶性固形物、固酸比和Vc含量先升高再降低;有机栽培果实的营养品质和贮藏品质都优于常规栽培。  相似文献   

Soil and sediment contamination by persistent organic pollutants in the Moravian and Slovakian parts of the danube catchment area and some Bohemian sites in the elbe catchment area     

I. Holoubek 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1993,4(4):333-337

Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, HCBs and p, p'-DDE were determined in soil and sediment samples from selected sites in Czecho-Slovakia. for the first three groups of chemicals soil pollution in Czecho-Slovakia is very high. in general, The pollution is higher in the Elbe than in the Danube catchment sediments.  相似文献   

Enhancement of revegetation on construction fill by fertilizer and topsoil application: Effect on mycorrhizal infection     

V. P. Claassen  R. J. Zasoski 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》1993,4(1):45-57

The influence of topsoil and fertilizer application on denuded road construction sites was evaluated to assess its contribution to improvement of vegetation re-establishment. the study sites were within a mixed hardwood and conifer forest on crushed, unweathered subsurface material with low fertility and low biological activity. Topsoils were removed from the site, stockpiled and reapplied to the site after construction. the effect of topsoil amendment on plant growth, soil fertility, mycorrhizal infection and an index of microbial biomass were measured in field and greenhouse experiments. Plant growth on the topsoil amended field plots were greatly increased relative to treatments with fertilizer but no topsoil. Three years after establishment, dry weight production on the plots without topsoil treatment was about 40 per cent of the plots treated with topsoil. Greenhouse experiments were designed to compare fresh, dried and stockpiled topsoil. These experiments indicated that storage of the harvested topsoil for five months in a stockpile had minor effects on plant growth, soil fertility, mycorrhizal infection and microbial biomass. Topsoil volumes had to exceed 20 per cent of the total soil volume to achieve statistically significant benefits and higher ratios showed greater benefit. the percentage of mycorrhizal infection was greatest in topsoil treatments without fertilizer. the addition of fertilizer increased growth but reduced the percentage of roots forming mycorrhizae. When the total weight of infected roots was calculated, however, infection was found to be greatest with a moderate level of fertilizer (equivalent to approximately 27 kg N ha⁻¹ and 39 kg P ha⁻¹), and was less in both higher fertilizer treatments and in unfertilized treatments. Topsoil amendment increased microbial biomass nitrogen but fertilizer treatment did not.  相似文献   

复合硅改性热处理杨木的制备及性能   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘强强  吕文华  石媛  杜浩佳 《北京林业大学学报》2021,43(1):136-143

[目的]针对木材树脂改性剂释放甲醛不环保,无机改性材吸湿性高等问题,将廉价易得的硅石粉溶液化,再有机杂化,制得高渗透、环保、防火的水溶性木材复合硅改性剂,通过真空加压浸渍处理和热处理联合改性,可以有效提高木材的物理力学和阻燃等性能.[方法]分别制备硅油复合硅改性剂(SC2)和偶联剂杂化硅改性剂(HS2),对人工林杨木进...  相似文献   

有机肥替代化肥对桃产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响     

唐洪杰  王鹏  焦圣群  李际会  魏萍  刘玉珊 《农学学报》2023,13(6):55-59

根据临沂市目前桃园化肥使用情况,探究有机肥替代部分化肥对桃园土壤养分含量、树体营养水平及果实品质产量的影响,以期为减少化肥使用,改善桃园土壤环境,提升桃果实质量提供理论依据。试验在6树龄的桃园进行,设置40%、70%和100%3个梯度有机肥替代量,与完全施用化肥做比较,进行田间试验,对桃产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响进行测定。结果显示,6龄左右桃园施用40%有机肥替代量比较适宜,对桃树营养生长发育促进最为明显,对果实品质提升最为显著,产量也表现最高,比只施用化肥增产5961.0 kg/hm²,增产率为17.6%,比只施用有机肥增产7105.5 kg/hm²,增产率为21.0%。在临沂市桃生产中,推荐40%有机肥替代量常规复合肥进行推广应用。  相似文献   

Novel soil quality indicators for the evaluation of agricultural management practices: a biological perspective     

Giulia BONGIORNO 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(3):257-274

Developments in soil biology and in methods to characterize soil organic carbon can potentially deliver novel soil quality indicators that can help identify management practices able to sustain soil productivity and environmental resilience. This work aimed at synthesizing results regarding the suitability of a range of soil biological and biochemical properties as novel soil quality indicators for agricultural management. The soil properties, selected through a published literature review, comprised different labile organic carbon fractions [hydrophilic dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), hot water extractable carbon and particulate organic matter carbon], soil disease suppressiveness measured using a Pythium-Lepidium bioassay, nematode communities characterized by amplicon sequencing and qPCR, and microbial community level physiological profiling measured with MicroResp^TM. Prior studies tested the sensitivity of each of the novel indicators to tillage and organic matter addition in ten European long-term field experiments (LTEs) and assessed their relationships with pre-existing soil quality indicators of soil functioning. Here, the results of these previous studies are brought together and interpreted relative to each other and to the broader body of literature on soil quality assessment. Reduced tillage increased carbon availability, disease suppressiveness, nematode richness and diversity, the stability and maturity of the food web, and microbial activity and functional diversity. Organic matter addition played a weaker role in enhancing soil quality, possibly due to the range of composition of the organic matter inputs used in the LTEs. POXC was the indicator that discriminated best between soil management practices, followed by nematode indices based on functional characteristics. Structural equation modeling shows that POXC has a central role in nutrient retention/supply, carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, erosion control and disease regulation/suppression. The novel indicators proposed here have great potential to improve existing soil quality assessment schemes. Their feasibility of application is discussed and needs for future research are outlined.  相似文献   

不同土层复配方案对土壤水稳性团聚体及有机质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄云鑫  李裕瑞  刘彦随  张轩畅  常贵蒋  冯巍仑 《农业资源与环境学报》2020,37(6):894-903

为探究“治沟造地”重大工程项目（GLCP）中新增耕地快速改良的方法,达到营造良好土壤、提升新增耕地生产能力的目的,以延安羊圈沟流域的GLCP为背景,利用马兰黄土（ML）和红黏土（RC）对新造耕地0~30 cm土层进行复配试验。结果表明：当RC为20 cm、ML为10 cm（T3处理）时,复配层土壤孔隙度较对照处理增加了16.7%,容重下降了11.1%。与对照组相比,T3处理0~10、10~20、20~30 cm土层中>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量（W_0.25）显著增加,分别增加了11.8、12.3倍和27.9倍;T2（RC为25 cm、ML为5 cm）、T3处理更利于大团聚体的形成,较对照组除在0.25~0.5、0.5~1 mm的粒级有较大增加外,在2~5 mm和>5 mm粒径范围也有明显增加。0~20 cm土层中,即使在考虑对照组前期土壤有机质积累的情况下,T3处理的土壤有机质也与对照组相近甚至更高,且高于其他试验组,表现出更好的有机质赋存能力。T3处理的玉米生长状况较好,其地上生物量最高,较对照组提高了23.9%。研究表明,当复配土壤RC为20 cm、ML为10 cm时,土壤具有最佳的性状和生产力。试验初步证明土层复配是一种可行的快速营造高质量土壤的方法,该方法可为GLCP新造地的改良及类似土地整治工程的实施提供实践参考。  相似文献   

放牧对土壤理化性状及植被多样性的影响          下载免费PDF全文

高承芳  张晓佩  李兆龙 《农学学报》2020,36(8):98-104

放牧是家畜饲养方式之一,是草地最简单而又有效的利用方式,但放牧中的家畜家禽通过采食牧草、践踏土壤和牧草以及粪便排泄影响着草地植被和土壤,不同的强度的放牧对地下土壤与地上植被的影响不同,本文综述了近几年来放牧对地下部土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾,土壤容重、有机碳以及微生物多样性的影响,对植被多样性及草群成分的影响等,旨在为今后家畜放牧行为研究以及放牧科学研究提供理论依据。  相似文献